69,478 research outputs found
Construction and Demolition Waste as Raw Materials for sustainable Cements
No full textIn 2014 about four billion tonnes of cement were produced [CEMBUREAU, 2014]. The use of industrial by-products, as a source of raw materials in the manufacture of portland and blended cements, is a research theme of significant relevance to the construction industry. Such industrial by-products can be employed as constituents of the final product or components of the raw feed in a cement kiln. Due to their hydraulic and/or pozzolanic activity, industrial by-products are utilized worldwide. Such by-products also increase durability and reduce costs for producing blended cements.
The use of such by-products as raw mixture component for the cement production has received comparatively little attention by researchers and engineers. There is currently an increasing interest towards searching for new categories of by-products, which would be able to provide reactive calcium, silicon, aluminum, and/or iron oxides, for portland cement clinker manufacture. In this regard, construction and demolition waste (C&DW) is worthy of consideration because, when obtained from a properly selective demolition process, they could be employed as alternative raw material for portland clinker production.
The present study deals with the use of two different kinds of C&DW, namely concrete waste (CW) and masonry waste (MW). In this study, C&DW is proposed to be employed as partial or total substitute for limestone and clay, respectively, in the portland clinker generating raw mixture. Four ternary mixtures containing limestone, as well as CW and MW, were subjected to laboratory tests in order to evaluate the clinker raw mixture produced and the performance of the related portland cement. A binary mixture, composed of limestone and clay, was used as a reference. All of these different cements displayed similar hydration behavior. Detailed results are presented and discussed
Volatile composition and biological activity of jordanian commercial samples of R. Coriaria L. fruits
No full textThe present paper reports the GC-HS-SPME analysis of volatile emission and GC-MS analysis of chemical composition of essential oil of R. coriaria fruits of eight different samples of R. coriaria L. fruits (“sumac” folk name), collected from Jordanian agricultural field and the local market. The analyses show an important variability among the Sumac samples probably due to the origin, cultivation, harvesting period, drying, and conservation of the plant material. The main class of component present in all samples was monoterpenes (43.1 to 72.9%), except for one sample which evidenced a high percentage of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (38.5%). The oxygenated monoterpenes provided a contribution to total class of monoterpenes ranging from 10.1 to 24.3%. A few samples were rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons. Regarding the single components present in all the volatile emissions, β-caryophyllene was the main compound in most of the analyzed samples, varying from 34.6% to 7.9%. Only two samples were characterized by α-pinene as the main constituent (42.2 and 40.8% respectively). Essential oils were collected using hydro-distillation method. Furfural was the main constituent in almost all the analyzed EOs (4.9 to 48.1%), except in one of them, where β-caryophyllene was the most abundant one. β-caryophyllene ranged from 1.2 to 10.6%. Oxygenated monoterpenes like carvone and carvacrol ranged from 3.2–9.1% and 1.0–7.7% respectively. Cembrene was present in good amount in EO samples EO-2 to EO-8. The antioxidant capacities of the fruit essential oils from R. coriaria were assessed using spectrophotometry to measure free radical scavenger 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and inhibition of β-carotene bleaching (BCB). The essential oils from the fruits of the different samples of R. coriaria exhibited the MIC value ranging from 32.8 to 131.25 μg/mL against S. aureus ATCC 6538 and 131.25 to 262.5 μg/mL against E. coli ATCC 8739. The MIC values of ciprofloxacin were 0.59 and 2.34 μg/mL against S. aureus ATCC 6538 and E. coli ATCC 8739, respectively
Single channel surface electromyogram deconvolution is a useful pre-processing for myoelectric control
Get PDFMyoelectric control requires fast and stable identification of a movement from data recorded from a comfortable and straightforward system. Here we consider a new real-time pre-processing method applied to a single differential surface electromyogram (EMG): deconvolution, providing an estimation of the cumulative firings of motor units. A 2 channel-10 class finger movement problem has been investigated on 10 healthy subjects. We have compared raw EMG and deconvolution signals, as sources of information for two specific classifiers (based on either Support Vector Machines or k-Nearest Neighbours), with classical time-domain input features selected using Mutual Component Analysis. The overall results show that, using the proposed pre-processing technique, classification performances statistically improve. For example, the true positive rates of the best-tested configurations were 80.9% and 86.3% when using the EMG and its deconvoluted signal, respectively. Even considering the limited dataset and range of classification approaches investigated, these preliminary results indicate the potential usefulness of the deconvolution pre-processing, which could be easily embedded in different myoelectric control applications
Sifat Rantai Naik pada Modul r-Noetherian serta Keterkaitan Modul r-Noetherian dengan Modul Noetherian dan Modul Hampir Noetherian
Get PDFABSTRAK
Modul merupakan struktur aljabar yang dibentuk dari grup Abelian. Modul atas suatu ring adalah grup abelian yang dilengkapi perkalian dengan skalar dari ring yang memenuhi syarat-syarat tertentu. Suatu modul merupakan modul Noetherian jika modul memenuhi kondisi rantai naik (ascending chain condition) atas submodulnya. Sebuah R-modul M disebut modul hampir Noetherian jika setiap submodul sejati di M dibangkitkan secara berhingga. Terdapat sebuah kelas baru yakni Modul r-Noetherian. Diketahui jika R adalah sebuah ring dan M adalah sebuah R-modul, M dikatakan sebuah modul r-Noetherian jika setiap r-submodul dari M dibangkitkan secara berhingga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sifat rantai naik pada modul r-Noethetian serta keterkaitan modul r-Noetherian dengan modul Noetherian dan modul hampir Noetherian.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur. Adapun tahapan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu diawali dengan melengkapi pembuktian lemma yang berkaitan rantai naik pada Modul r-Noetherian Selanjutnya, Melengkapi pembuktian proposisi mengenai keterkaitan modul r-Noetherian dengan modul Noetherian dan modul hampir Noetherian. Proses pembuktiannya akan terdiri dari dua tahap, yang pertama jika M adalah modul Noetherian, maka M adalah modul hampir Noetherian. Kedua, jika M adalah modul hampir Noetherian, maka M adalah modul r-Noetherian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan diperoleh bahwa Sifat rantai naik pada modul r-Noetherian adalah setiap barisan rantai naik dari r-submodul pada modul r-Noetherian akan berhenti pada suatu langkah berhingga. Selanjutnya, keterkaitan modul r-Noetherian dengan modul Noetherian dan modul hampir Noetherian adalah saling subset, yaitu Modul Noetherian ⊆ Modul Hampir Noetherian ⊆ Modul r-Noetherian.
ABSTRACT
Modules are algebraic structures formed from Abelian groups. A module over a ring is an abelian group equipped with multiplication by a scalar from the ring that satisfies certain conditions. A module is a Noetherian module if it satisfies the ascending chain condition on its submodules. An R -module M is called an almost Noetherian module if every true submodule in M is finitely generated. There is a new class of r-Noetherian modules. Suppose R is a ring and M is an R-module, M is said to be an r-Noetherian module if every r-submodule of M is finitely generated. This research aims to study the ascending chain property of r-Noetherian module and the relation of r-Noetherian module with Noetherian module and almost Noetherian module.
The method used in this research is qualitative. This research uses a literature study approach. The stages carried out in this study are starting with completing the proof of the lemma relating the ascending chain on the r-Noetherian Module Furthermore, completing the proof of the proposition regarding the relationship of the r-Noetherian module with the Noetherian module and the almost Noetherian module. The proof process will consist of two stages, first if M is a Noetherian module, then M is an almost Noetherian module. Second, if M is an almost Noetherian module, then M is an r-Noetherian module. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it is obtained that the nature of the ascending chain on the r-Noetherian module is that every ascending chain line of r-submodules on the r-Noetherian module will stop at a finite step. Furthermore, the relationship of r-Noetherian module with Noetherian module and almost Noetherian module is a mutual subset, Noetherian Module ⊆ Almost Noetherian Module ⊆ r-Noetherian Module.
مستخلص البحث
الوحدات النمطية هي بنى جبرية مكوَّنة من مجموعات أبليان وحلقات كمعدلات قياسية. الوحدة النمطية على حلقة ما هي مجموعة أبيلية مزودة بعملية ضرب في كمية قياسية من الحلقة تستوفي شروطًا معينة. تكون الوحدة وحدة نمطية نوثيرية إذا كانت تستوفي شرط السلسلة التصاعدية على وحداتها الفرعية. تُسمَّى وحدة R-وحدة M وحدة نوثيرية تقريبًا إذا كانت كل وحدة فرعية حقيقية في M مولَّدة بشكل نهائي. هناك فئة جديدة من الوحدات نوثيرية. لنفترض أن R حلقة و M وحدة نمطية R ، ويُقال إن M وحدة نمطية R نوثرية إذا كانت كل وحدة فرعية في M متولدة بشكل منتهٍ. الخاصية التي ستتم دراستها هي خاصية السلسلة التصاعدية للوحدات نوثرية. علاوة على ذلك، ستتم دراسة العلاقة بين وحدات الحلقة النويثريةمع الوحدات النوثرية والوحدات شبه النوثرية.
المنهج المستخدم في هذا البحث هو المنهج النوعي. يستخدم هذا البحث منهج الدراسة الأدبية. المراحل التي تم تنفيذها في هذه الدراسة هي البدء بإكمال برهان النظرية المتعلقة بالسلسلة الصاعدة على الوحدة النوثرية ص-نوثريان علاوة على ذلك، إكمال برهان الفرضية المتعلقة بعلاقة الوحدة النوثرية ص-نوثريان بالوحدة النوثرية والوحدة شبه النوثرية. ستتألف عملية الإثبات من مرحلتين، أولًا إذا كانت M وحدة نوثيرية، فإن M وحدة نوثيرية تقريبًا. ثانيًا، إذا كانت M وحدة نوثرية تقريبًا، فإن M وحدة نوثرية تقريبًا، فإن M وحدة نوثرية ص. استنادًا إلى نتائج البحث الذي تم إجراؤه، تم التوصل إلى أن طبيعة السلسلة الصاعدة على الوحدة نويثيرية هي أن كل خط سلسلة صاعد من الوحدات الفرعية r-نويثيرية على الوحدة نويثيرية سيتوقف عند خطوة منتهية. علاوةً على ذلك، فإن اتصال الوحدة الحلقة النويثريةبالوحدة النوثرية والوحدة شبه النوثرية هو وحدة فرعية متبادلة
Thermal expansion anomalies of R(Fe, M)(12) (R=Y, Nd; M=Mo and Si)
No full textStructural and thermal-expansion anomaly studies on R(Fe,M)(12) (R=Nd and and Y, M=Mo and Si) compounds were performed by x-ray diffraction. Mo atoms occupy the 8i site. While Si atoms occupy the 8f and 8j sites but not the 8i site. Thermal-expansion anomaly shows only in ab plane in the Mo compounds, while becomes very weak and along with only the c axis in the Si compounds. The anomaly was attributed to the contribution of the interactions of short Fe-Fe distances similar to the previous explanation on other R-Fe intermetallics and that of other strongly positive interactions such as 8j-8j. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000230168300025&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Physics, AppliedSCI(E)EICPCI-S(ISTP)
Letter from Thomas R. Bodine, American Friends Service Committee Seattle office, to Mary M. Kimber, May 25, 1942
No full textLetter from Thomas R. Bodine to Mary M. Kimber, asking Kimber to visit individuals from the Puget Sound area incarcerated at Pinedale Assembly Center: Rev. Daisuke Kitigawa, Waichi Oyanagi, Chisako Higuchi, Mutsuo Hasiguchi and Mrs. Matsuoka, Makato Kobukata, the Hirabayashi family, and Violet Yokoyama. A note in pencil at the top of the page: "Burcham." A response letter from Grace and Calvin Coke to Thomas R. Bodine is found in item: chs_ms840_0306.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
A 2 h periodic variation in the low-mass X-ray binary Ser X-1
No full textSpectroscopy of the low-mass X-ray binary Ser X-1 using the Gran Telescopio Canarias have revealed a ?2 h periodic variability that is present in the three strongest emission lines. We tentatively interpret this variability as due to orbital motion, making it the first indication of the orbital period of Ser X-1. Together with the fact that the emission lines are remarkably narrow, but still resolved, we show that a main-sequence K dwarf together with a canonical 1.4 M? neutron star gives a good description of the system. In this scenario, the most likely place for the emission lines to arise is the accretion disc, instead of a localized region in the binary (such as the irradiated surface or the stream-impact point), and their narrowness is due instead to the low inclination (?10°) of Ser X-1
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
Get PDFBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
- …
