1,720,957 research outputs found
Exploring the role of neuromuscular fatigue as a determinant of running performance and its interactions with metabolic cost, gait biomechanics, and running shoes.
No full textPerformance is a key focus of runners and researchers. In the laboratory it is analysed indirectly via determinants such as metabolic cost, neuromuscular fatigue, and gait mechanics. The metabolic cost of running (i.e., the energy expended during running) is a key determinant of performance, but it does not fully explain it. Therefore, this thesis explores an alternate determinant, namely neuromuscular fatigue, which is defined as a reduction in force or power output from a muscle. The relationships between fatigue, metabolic cost, gait biomechanics, and running shoes are explored in three studies (Chapters 3-5). Understanding how fatigue impacts performance is difficult, due to measurement challenges. A local fatigue protocol was therefore developed and implemented in Chapters 3-5. This allowed fatigue to be isolated to one muscle group and its relationship with metabolic cost (Chapter 3), metabolic cost and running shoes (Chapter 4) and joint mechanics (Chapter 5) to be explored. In Chapter 3, runners completed an unfatigued and fatigued run with plantar flexor and knee extensor fatigue. There was no change in metabolic power in the presence of fatigue for either muscle group. In Chapter 4 the effects of traditional and maximalist shoes on local plantar flexor and knee extensor fatigue were investigated for the same cohort. Fatigue recovery, measured before and after the fatigued run, was minimal for both muscle groups and shoe conditions. Also, as per Chapter 3, metabolic cost was unchanged. Finally, in Chapter 5 the effect of plantar flexor fatigue on positive joint work distribution during faster running, and the influence of advanced footwear technology (AFT) was evaluated. Running with, versus without, plantar flexor fatigue was associated with reduced positive ankle work and increased positive knee work. There was no effect of shoe condition. Local fatigue in key muscle groups does not appear to affect submaximal running performance and maximalist shoes do not alter this relationship or improve fatigue recovery. However, at faster paces, plantar flexor fatigue contributes to the adoption of altered gait strategies, which may impair performance. This research emphasises the complexity of running performance and provides new insights into the influence of fatigue
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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The role of plantar cutaneous mechanoreceptors on static stance and gait balance
Full text linkThe role of plantar cutaneous mechanoreceptors (PCMR) and associated afferent input on static stance and steady-state gait in healthy adults and the elderly was evaluated. PCMR affect balance and motor task performance through activation of spinal reflexes and input to higher cortical centers to influence movement and motor planning. In older adults, PCMR insensitivity has a negative effect on balance and performance, whereas tactile and vibration stimuli improve balance and performance. PCMR play an important role in static stance and gait balance maintenance. This information can be utilized effectively in the screening of fall-risk patients. It also supports the use of textured insoles and plantar subthreshold vibration for improving balance and performance in static stance and gait in older adults.Kinesiology and Health Educatio
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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