51 research outputs found
Machine Learning Based Automated Segmentation and Hybrid Feature Analysis for Diabetic Retinopathy Classification Using Fundus Image
No full textKumam, Poom/0000-0002-5463-4581; Sulaiman, Muhammad/0000-0002-4040-6211; GOKTAS, Atilla/0000-0001-7929-2912; Qadri, salman/0000-0002-3503-6535; Mashwani, Wali Khan/0000-0002-5081-741X; Kumam, Wiyada/0000-0001-8773-4821; ALI, AQIB/0000-0001-9374-791X; Jamal, Farrukh/0000-0001-6192-9890; Naeem, Samreen/0000-0003-0529-8187WOS: 000541900700014The object of this study was to demonstrate the ability of machine learning (ML) methods for the segmentation and classification of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Two-dimensional (2D) retinal fundus (RF) images were used. The datasets of DR-that is, the mild, moderate, non-proliferative, proliferative, and normal human eye ones-were acquired from 500 patients at Bahawal Victoria Hospital (BVH), Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Five hundred RF datasets (sized 256 x 256) for each DR stage and a total of 2500 (500 x 5) datasets of the five DR stages were acquired. This research introduces the novel clustering-based automated region growing framework. For texture analysis, four types of features-histogram (H), wavelet (W), co-occurrence matrix (COM) and run-length matrix (RLM)-were extracted, and various ML classifiers were employed, achieving 77.67%, 80%, 89.87%, and 96.33% classification accuracies, respectively. To improve classification accuracy, a fused hybrid-feature dataset was generated by applying the data fusion approach. From each image, 245 pieces of hybrid feature data (H, W, COM, and RLM) were observed, while 13 optimized features were selected after applying four different feature selection techniques, namely Fisher, correlation-based feature selection, mutual information, and probability of error plus average correlation. Five ML classifiers named sequential minimal optimization (SMO), logistic (Lg), multi-layer perceptron (MLP), logistic model tree (LMT), and simple logistic (SLg) were deployed on selected optimized features (using 10-fold cross-validation), and they showed considerably high classification accuracies of 98.53%, 99%, 99.66%, 99.73%, and 99.73%, respectively.Program in Applied Statistics, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Thanyaburi, Pathumthani , ThailandProgram in Applied Statistics, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Thanyaburi, Pathumthani 12110, Thailand
Detection and analysis of amorphous aggregates and fibrils of cytochrome c in the presence of phenolic acids
No full textDeciphering structural intermediates and genotoxic fibrillar aggregates of albumins: a molecular mechanism underlying for degenerative diseases.
No full textThe misfolding and aggregation of proteins is involved in some of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. The importance of human serum albumin (HSA) stems from the fact that it is involved in bio-regulatory and transport phenomena. Here the effect of acetonitrile (ACN) on the conformational stability of HSA and by comparison, ovalbumin (OVA) has been evaluated in the presence and absence of NaCl. The results show the presence of significant amount of secondary structure in HSA at 70% ACN and in OVA at 50% ACN, as evident from far-UV Circular Dichroism (CD) and Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier transformed infra red spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Tryptophan and 8-Anilino-1-Naphthalene-Sulphonic acid (ANS) fluorescence indicate altered tryptophan environment and high ANS binding suggesting a compact "molten globule"-like conformation with enhanced exposure of hydrophobic surface area. However, in presence of NaCl no intermediate state was observed. Detection of aggregates in HSA and OVA was possible at 90% ACN. Aggregates possess extensive β-sheet structure as revealed by far-UV CD and ATR-FTIR. These aggregates exhibit increase Thioflavin T (Th T) fluorescence with a red shift of Congo red (CR) absorption spectrum. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed the presence of fibrillar aggregates. Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay of these fibrillar aggregates showed the DNA damage resulting in cell necrosis confirming their genotoxic nature. Some proteins not related to any human disease form fibrils in vitro. In the present study ACN gives access to a model system to study the process of aggregation
Acetonitrile can promote formation of different structural intermediate states on aggregation pathway of immunoglobulin G from human and bovine
No full textThermal conductance of interfaces between titanium nitride and group IV semiconductors at high temperatures
No full textThis article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Samreen Khan, Xinping Shi, Joseph Feser, Richard Wilson; Thermal conductance of interfaces between titanium nitride and group IV semiconductors at high temperatures. Appl. Phys. Lett. 22 July 2024; 125 (4): 041601. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0220124 and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0220124.
© 2024 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.
This article will be embargoed until 07/22/2025.Measuring the temperature dependence of material properties is a standard method for better understanding the microscopic origins for that property. Surprisingly, only a few experimental studies of thermal boundary conductance at high temperatures exist. This lack of high temperature data makes it difficult to evaluate competing theories for how inelastic processes contribute to thermal conductance. To address this, we report time domain thermoreflectance measurements of the thermal boundary conductance for TiN on diamond, silicon-carbide, silicon, and germanium between 120 and 1000 K. In all systems, the interface conductance increases monotonically without stagnating at higher temperatures. For TiN/SiC interfaces, ranges from 330 to 1000 MW/m2-K, with a room temperature conductance of 750 MW/m2-K. The interface conductance for TiN/diamond ranges from 140 to 950 MW/m2-K. Notably, for all four interfacial systems, the conductance continues to increase with temperature even after all phonon modes in the vibrationally soft material are thermally excited. This observation suggests that inelastic processes are significant contributors to the thermal conductance in all four interfacial systems, regardless of whether the materials forming the interface are vibrationally similar or dissimilar. Our study fills a notable gap in the literature for how interfacial conductance evolves at high temperatures and tests burgeoning theories for the role of inelastic processes in interfacial thermal transport.This work was supported as part of ULTRA, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. DE-SC0021230
SEM analysis.
No full text<p>HSA aggregate formed in presence of 90% ACN. Concentration of HSA was 10 mg/ml.</p
Isolation and Characterization of Agarolytic Bacteria from Marine Environment
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Intrinsic Fluorescence studies.
No full text<p>(a) Relative intrinsic fluorescence intensity of OVA in absence (▪) and presence (♦) of NaCl as a function of increasing concentration of ACN, (b) Tryptophan fluorescence emission spectra of native OVA in 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2 (curve 1); curves 2 and 3 represent OVA at 50% and 90% ACN respectively. OVA concentration was 4.44 µM and the path length was 1 cm. (c) Relative intrinsic fluorescence intensity of HSA in absence (▪) and presence (♦) of NaCl as a function of increasing concentration of ACN, (d) Tryptophan fluorescence emission spectra of native HSA in 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2 (curve 1); curves 2 and 3 represent HSA at 70% and 90% ACN. HSA concentration was 3.03 µM and the path length was 1 cm. The fluorescence intensity measurement was carried out at an excitation wavelength of 280 nm.</p
CD studies.
No full text<p>(a) Far-UV CD spectra of OVA in the presence of ACN in 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2. Curve 1 shows native OVA, curve 2 and 3 corresponds to OVA at 50% and 90% ACN respectively; (b) Far-UV CD spectra of HSA in the presence of ACN in 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2. Curve 1 shows native HSA, curve 2 represents HSA in presence of 40% ACN; curve 3 and 4 represents HSA at 70% and 90% ACN respectively. Concentration of OVA in the samples was 4.44 and HSA was 3.03 µM respectively and the path length was 0.1 cm.</p
Stern-Volmer plots for acrylamide quenching of tryptophan fluorescence of albumins.
No full text<p>Native OVA (•); HSA (▴) and NATA alone (♦) at pH 7 in presence of varying concentration of quencher. 90% ACN incubated OVA (○); HSA (<b>▵</b>) and NATA (<b>◊</b>). Values shown are the ratios of fluorescence in the absence of acrylamide (F<sub>0</sub>) to the fluorescence at the given concentration of quencher (F). Protein concentration for OVA was 4.44 and for HSA was 3.03 µM. Path length for the study was 1 cm and the excitation wavelength was 295 nm.</p
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