1,721,244 research outputs found
Comment on the Scientific Paper no. 1b: Ettore Majorana on the Thomas-Fermi statistical model for atoms and ions. The communication at the meeting of the Italian Physical Society (Rome, December 1928)
No full textEnrico Fermi's discovery of neutron-induced artificial radioactivity: The recovery of his first laboratory notebook
No full textWe give a short description of the discovery of the first experimental notebook of Enrico Fermi (1901-1954) on his researches during March and April of 1934 on neutron-induced artificial radioactivity, and we point out its relevance for a proper historical and conceptual understanding of those researches
Enrico Fermi’s Discovery of Neutron-Induced Artificial Radioactivity: The Influence of His Theory of Beta Decay
No full textWe analyze the influence of Enrico Fermi’s theory of beta decay, which he formulated in December 1933, on his experimental discovery of neutron-induced artificial radioactivity four months later, in March 1934.We discuss Gian Carlo Wick’s application of Fermi’s theory in interpreting Frédéric Joliot and Irène Curie’s discovery of alpha-particle-induced artificial radioactivity, and how Fermi was then influenced by his theory in planning his neutron-bombardment experiments, in his decision to use a radon-beryllium (Rn-Be) neutron source, and in his choice of the elements he bombarded with Rn-Be neutrons. Our analysis is based crucially on Fermi’s first laboratory notebook, the Hirpine Notebook, which is preserved in the Oscar D’Agostino Archives in the Technical Institute “Oscar D’Agostino” in Avellino, Italy, and on the materials that are preserved in the Fermi Archives in the Domus Galilaeana in Pisa. These documents enable us to reconstruct Fermi’s discovery of neutron-induced artificial radioactivity and to assign an exact date to it of March 20, 1934
Un fisico dimenticato: il gesuita G. B. Pianciani
Full text linkIl lavoro intende analizzare l’opera scientifica del fisico Giambattista Pianciani (1784-1862) figura intellettualmente rilevante ma sostanzialmente sconosciuta tra gli storici interessati allo sviluppo della fisica italiana nella prima metà dell’ottocento. Pianciani raramente viene citato in manuali o dizionari biografici di Storia della Scienza. Una possibile causa può individuarsi nella relativa scarsa attenzione che fino ad oggi gli studiosi hanno rivolto al tema della Scienza nello Stato Pontificio e a quel programma apologetico e concordista, iniziato sotto il pontificato di Pio VII, che, contro il dilagante pensiero materialistico d’oltralpe, intendeva stabilire una corrispondenza positiva tra le conclusioni delle scienze naturali e il racconto biblico. Di tale dottrina il Pianciani fu, a Roma, uno dei più autorevoli ed influenti esponenti. Gran parte della sua produzione filosofica e scientifica è, infatti, rivolta a questo tema e si sviluppa tra il 1835 e l’anno della sua morte. Come fisico il Pianciani produsse i lavori più interessanti tra il 1825 e il 1841. Molti di questi sono dedicati all’elettricità e al magnetismo
Lattes' contribution to the discovery of the π-meson in Bristol
No full textThe pion was discovered in cosmic rays in 1947 by the group of physicists led by Powell with the new nuclear emulsions improved by Occhialini. An important role in this group was played by the Brazilian physicist C.M.G. Lattes who suggested the use of borax-loaded plates and obtained their range-energy relation
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