12 research outputs found
Synthesis, structural and semiconducting properties of Ba(Cu1/3 Sb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 solid solutions
No full textEffect of grain size on structural and dielectric properties of barium titanate piezoceramics synthesized by high energy ball milling
No full textCrystallite size strain analysis of nanocrystalline La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 perovskite by Williamson-Hall plot method
No full textChildbirth related labial trauma management in the UK: a brief report
No full textTrauma to the labia occurs in up to 49% of vaginal births1. Trauma to the perineal body resulting from childbirth is well defined using widely used categories, and recommended management of perineal body trauma is based on high level evidence. Currently no similar evidence exists to inform the classification or management of labial trauma. This is reflected in variation in clinical practice with some practitioners favouring suturing of labial trauma, whilst others favour healing by secondary intention. A survey of practice was undertaken in three NHS organisations, over a five-week period in 2019 with data collected on 332 vaginal births. Overall, 47.3% (n=157) of women sustained labial trauma, of whom 29.3% (n=46) sustained trauma described as involving skin and underlying tissues. Of the labial trauma which involved skin and underlying tissues 76.0% (n=35) was sutured and the remainder unsutured. The survey confirmed a lack of consistency in practice and the need for further research to inform care for women
Author Correction: A portrait of the Higgs boson by the CMS experiment ten years after the discovery
No full textIn the version of this article initially published, CMS Collaboration author names, affiliations and acknowledgements were omitted and have now been included in the HTML and PDF versions of the articl
Hormone replacement therapy in women with iatrogenic premature ovarian insufficiency after radiotherapy for cervical cancer:A retrospective cohort and survey study
No full textObjectives: This study assessed the uptake of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in cervical cancer patients with iatrogenic menopause. Survival in relation to HRT use was assessed via a retrospective chart study, and the severity of menopausal symptoms, motivations and barriers to starting HRT were examined via questionnaires. Study design: In total, 293 women under the age of 51 and treated with radiotherapy for cervical cancer between 2010 and 2020 were identified. Medical records were searched for information on HRT use. If still living, women were sent digital questionnaires addressing menopausal symptoms, quality of life (QoL) and potential barriers and motivations concerning HRT use. Univariable data were analysed using Mann-Whitney U, chi-square, and Fisher's exact test, while logistical regression was used to analyse relationships between certain variables and use of HRT and survival. Results: Overall HRT uptake was 78.1 %, which was related to age and Charlson Comorbidity Index, but independent of the duration of radiotherapy or FIGO stage. Overall survival was higher for HRT users (χ2(1) = 4.3, p = 0.038). Questionnaires were sent to 193 patients and 100 completed it (response rate 51.8 %). Main reasons for HRT use were relief of hot flushes and improvement in QoL. For women below age 51, QoL was indeed higher for current HRT users than for non-HRT users (EQ-index 0.8 vs. 0.7, p = 0.008). Conclusions: HRT prescription rate was inversely correlated with age. Survival was not negatively affected by HRT use. It is important to stress the benefits of HRT and address women's fears regarding its use.</p
Looking age-appropriate while growing old gracefully: A qualitative study of ageing and body image among older adults
No full textAbstract Body dissatisfaction can be significantly detrimental to wellbeing. Little is known about older adults' body image, despite that ageing causes unique bodily changes and that sociocultural pressures to resist these changes abound. We conducted six focus groups with a UK community sample of White British and South Asian older adults aged 65-92 years. Thematic analysis highlighted four themes: appearance indicates capability and identity; physical ability trumps appearance, felt pressures to age 'gracefully' while resisting appearance changes, and gender and cultural differences. These findings suggest that older adults' body image can have important implications for their wellbeing and merits researchers' attention. Keywords: Ageing, Appearance, Health, Body Image Running Head: AGEING AND BODY IMAGE AMONG OLDER ADULTS 3 Looking age-appropriate while growing old gracefully: A qualitative study of ageing and body image among older adults Ageing is accompanied by significant changes to physical appearance and functionality. These may include hair loss and change of colour, weight changes, the use of dentures, hearing and mobility aids, and changes in body shape and skin elasticity. Despite these changes reflecting normal ageing processes, individuals experience them within a culture that highly values and emphasises the importance of a youthful appearance (Becker et al., 2013). Older adults often experience sociocultural pressures to conform to youthful appearance ideals. 1 These pressures can impact their body image, which is an individual's thoughts, feelings and behaviours associated with their appearance and physical ability Despite the rapid increase in ageing populations in developed and less developed countries, whereby the number of people aged 65 and above has tripled in the last 50 years (United Nations, 2013), most appearance and body image research has focused on childhood, adolescence and early adulthood. Only limited research has examined the presence and nature of body image and related sociocultural pressures during mid to older adulthood. Furthermore, such research has tended to produce inconsistent findings and has overly focused on White older adult women Qualitative research with White women aged between 50-70 years suggests that 1 There is no definitive rule for what age constitutes the start of older adulthood. In ageing research, however, the convention is for older adulthood to be defined as 65 years and older (Erber, 2013). Running Head: AGEING AND BODY IMAGE AMONG OLDER ADULTS 4 concerns regarding the effect of ageing on body image are prevalent among this sample and that felt sociocultural appearance pressures are salient (e.g., Research is similarly equivocal about the effect of ageing on men's and women's general this area has been "deficient in fully uncovering the nuances of diversity and the ways that intersectionality informs older adults' embodied experience". They add "there is a strong need to capture both the perceptions and the experiences of the aging body from the perspective of older men and women". In summary, while the existing research suggests that age-related appearance changes may be salient and give rise to appearance concerns, little is known about how older adults actually experience body image in the context of an appearance orientated society and an ageing body. The aim of this study therefore was to use a focus group methodology to explore indepth how ageing, appearance, and sociocultural appearance pressures may influence older adults' body image (defined here as those aged 65 years and older). An additional aim was to recruit a more diverse population of older adults than has been traditionally sampled in previous research (i.e., a sample that included men and ethnic minority groups). Because there has been limited research with older adults, and the research to date has produced mixed Running Head: AGEING AND BODY IMAGE AMONG OLDER ADULTS 6 findings, we selected a qualitative design so that the results would largely be driven by participants' accounts, rather than researchers' assumptions about the nature and scope of body image concerns and sociocultural appearance pressures for older adults Method Procedure Nine community support organisations for older adults, based in the south west of England, were approached to request permission to invite their members to take part in a focus group on body image, ageing and society. Three organisations (Age UK Bristol, LinkAge and Dhek Bhal 2 ) granted permission for the first author to attend their local meetings to recruit older adults for this study. Subsequently, six focus groups were conducted between March and June 2012. Each focus group consisted of 4-6 participants, with four single-sex groups (two groups of males, two groups of females) and two mixed-sex groups. Ethics approval from the University of the West of England was granted for this study. Focus groups were conducted until saturation was reached, a point at which no new themes or information were apparent. Participants A total of 28 women and men (16 women, 12 men) aged 66-92 years (M =79.38, SD 2 Dhek Bhal is an organization that aims to support South Asian adults living in Bristol, UK, and the surrounding area Running Head: AGEING AND BODY IMAGE AMONG OLDER ADULTS 7 = 7.26) took part in the focus group discussions 3 . Participants identified as White British (n = 20; 71%) or South Asian (n = 8; 29%). Of the participants who reported their marital status, most identified as 'married' (n = 13, 61%), with fewer as 'widowed' (n = 4, 19%), 'single' (n = 2, 10%), or 'divorced' (n = 2, 10%). Of the participants who reported their height and weight, the average BMI was 21.06 (SD = 11.13) which is within the 'normal' range for adults of this age group Data collection and analysis Four focus groups were led by the first author (a White British male in his twenties) with the remaining two were led by the third author (a White British female in her forties). Two female White British research assistants in their twenties observed the focus groups to record notes on speaker order. Each focus group discussion lasted between 50 and 63 minutes. Within each focus group, the discussions were interactive and all participants contributed freely to the discussion (i.e., responding to the moderator, as well as other participants). After participants provided written consent and demographic information, each moderator led the focus group using a semi-structured discussion schedule, derived from
Publisher Correction: Observation of triple J/ψ meson production in proton-proton collisions
No full textIn the version of this article initially published, the first affiliation—Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia—was missing from the list of author affiliations and has now been inserted in the HTML and PDF versions of the articl
Gabapentin for chronic pelvic pain in women (GaPP2): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
No full text© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Background: Chronic pelvic pain affects 2–24% of women worldwide and evidence for medical treatments is scarce. Gabapentin is effective in treating some chronic pain conditions. We aimed to measure the efficacy and safety of gabapentin in women with chronic pelvic pain and no obvious pelvic pathology. Methods: We performed a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial in 39 UK hospital centres. Eligible participants were women with chronic pelvic pain (with or without dysmenorrhoea or dyspareunia) of at least 3 months duration. Inclusion criteria were 18–50 years of age, use or willingness to use contraception to avoid pregnancy, and no obvious pelvic pathology at laparoscopy, which must have taken place at least 2 weeks before consent but less than 36 months previously. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive gabapentin (titrated to a maximum dose of 2700 mg daily) or matching placebo for 16 weeks. The online randomisation system minimised allocations by presence or absence of dysmenorrhoea, psychological distress, current use of hormonal contraceptives, and hospital centre. The appearance, route, and administration of the assigned intervention were identical in both groups. Patients, clinicians, and research staff were unaware of the trial group assignments throughout the trial. Participants were unmasked once they had provided all outcome data at week 16–17, or sooner if a serious adverse event requiring knowledge of the study drug occurred. The dual primary outcome measures were worst and average pain scores assessed separately on a numerical rating scale in weeks 13–16 after randomisation, in the intention-to-treat population. Self-reported adverse events were assessed according to intention-to-treat principles. This trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISCRTN77451762. Findings: Participants were screened between Nov 30, 2015, and March 6, 2019, and 306 were randomly assigned (153 to gabapentin and 153 to placebo). There were no significant between-group differences in both worst and average numerical rating scale (NRS) pain scores at 13–16 weeks after randomisation. The mean worst NRS pain score was 7·1 (standard deviation [SD] 2·6) in the gabapentin group and 7·4 (SD 2·2) in the placebo group. Mean change from baseline was −1·4 (SD 2·3) in the gabapentin group and −1·2 (SD 2·1) in the placebo group (adjusted mean difference −0·20 [97·5% CI −0·81 to 0·42]; p=0·47). The mean average NRS pain score was 4·3 (SD 2·3) in the gabapentin group and 4·5 (SD 2·2) in the placebo group. Mean change from baseline was −1·1 (SD 2·0) in the gabapentin group and −0·9 (SD 1·8) in the placebo group (adjusted mean difference −0·18 [97·5% CI −0·71 to 0·35]; p=0·45). More women had a serious adverse event in the gabapentin group than in the placebo group (10 [7%] of 153 in the gabapentin group compared with 3 [2%] of 153 in the placebo group; p=0·04). Dizziness, drowsiness, and visual disturbances were more common in the gabapentin group. Interpretation: This study was adequately powered, but treatment with gabapentin did not result in significantly lower pain scores in women with chronic pelvic pain, and was associated with higher rates of side-effects than placebo. Given the increasing reports of abuse and evidence of potential harms associated with gabapentin use, it is important that clinicians consider alternative treatment options to off-label gabapentin for the management of chronic pelvic pain and no obvious pelvic pathology. Funding: National Institute for Health Research
Studies of charm and beauty hadron long-range correlations in pp and pPb collisions at LHC energies
No full text© 2020 The Author(s).Measurements of the second Fourier harmonic coefficient (v2) of the azimuthal distributions of prompt and nonprompt D0 mesons produced in pp and pPb collisions are presented. Nonprompt D0 mesons come from beauty hadron decays. The data samples are collected by the CMS experiment at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of 13 and 8.16 TeV, respectively. In high multiplicity pp collisions, v2 signals for prompt charm hadrons are reported for the first time, and are found to be comparable to those for light-flavor hadron species over a transverse momentum (pT) range of 2-6 GeV. Compared at similar event multiplicities, the prompt D0 meson v2 values in pp and pPb collisions are similar in magnitude. The v2 values for open beauty hadrons are extracted for the first time via nonprompt D0 mesons in pPb collisions. For pT in the range of 2-5 GeV, the results suggest that v2 for nonprompt D0 mesons is smaller than that for prompt D0 mesons. These new measurements indicate a positive charm hadron v2 in pp collisions and suggest a mass dependence in v2 between charm and beauty hadrons in the pPb system. These results provide insights into the origin of heavy-flavor quark collectivity in small systems
