1,720,998 research outputs found
Characterization of ferredoxin-dependent glutamine oxoglutarate amidotransferase (Fd-GOGAT) genes and their relationship with grain protein content QTL in wheat
No full textBackground: In higher plants, inorganic nitrogen is assimilated via the glutamate synthase cycle or GS-GOGAT pathway.
GOGAT enzyme occurs in two distinct forms that use NADH (NADH-GOGAT) or Fd (Fd-GOGAT) as electron carriers. The goal
of the present study was to characterize wheat Fd-GOGAT genes and to assess the linkage with grain protein content (GPC),
an important quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes.
Results: We report the complete genomic sequences of the three homoeologous A, B and D Fd-GOGAT genes from
hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) and their localization and characterization. The gene is comprised of 33 exons and 32
introns for all the three homoeologues genes. The three genes show the same exon/intron number and size, with the only
exception of a series of indels in intronic regions. The partial sequence of the Fd-GOGAT gene located on A genome was
determined in two durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) cvs Ciccio and Svevo, characterized by different grain
protein content. Genomic differences allowed the gene mapping in the centromeric region of chromosome 2A. QTL analysis
was conducted in the Svevo6Ciccio RIL mapping population, previously evaluated in 5 different environments. The study
co-localized the Fd-GOGAT-A gene with the marker GWM-339, identifying a significant major QTL for GPC.
Conclusions: The wheat Fd-GOGAT genes are highly conserved; both among the three homoeologous hexaploid wheat
genes and in comparison with other plants. In durum wheat, an association was shown between the Fd-GOGAT allele of cv
Svevo with increasing GPC - potentially useful in breeding programs
Comparison of wheat NADH and Fd-dependent glutamate synthase genes: two isoformes of a central role enzyme involved in nitrogen metabolism.
No full textMolecular characterization of candidate genes involved in nitrogen metabolism and relationship with the grain protein content of wheat
No full textMolecular characterization of candidate genes involved in nitrogen metabolism and relationship with the grain protein content of wheat
No full textMolecular characterization of candidate genes involved in nitrogen metabolism and relationship with the grain protein content of wheat
No full textPhenolic Compounds in Wheat Kernels: Genetic and Genomic Studies of Biosynthesis and Regulations
No full textWhole wheat grains are an important source of bioactive components,
particularly of phenolic acids and flavonoids. Due to the health-promoting effects of
these phenolics, nowadays, the increase of their content in mature kernels is of great
interest and a potential target for wheat breeding programs. The biogenesis of phenolics
occurs through the general phenylpropanoid pathway, which is ubiquitous in
plant cell walls and leads to the synthesis of secondary metabolites that are involved
in plant defence and structural support. This chapter reviews the current knowledge
in phenylpropanoid chemistry, and the genetic and molecular basis for the biosynthesis
of phenolic acids and anthocyanins in wheat grains. Also, advances in assessing
genetic variation in the content and composition of these components in wheat
germplasm are reviewed, including the effects of different environmental conditions
on their accumulation in mature kernels. The recent, ongoing genomic studies are
reviewed providing updates on quantitative trait loci and genes involved in the synthesis
and accumulation of phenolics in wheat kernels. Finally, the promise and
limitations of breeding programs to potentially develop wheat cultivars rich in phenolic
components are discussed
Glutamine Synthetase Genes: Expression in Two Durum Wheat Cultivars Different for Grain Protein Content”
No full textScouting for Naturally Low-Toxicity Wheat Genotypes by a Multidisciplinary Approach
Full text linkOver the last years, great efforts have been devoted to develop effective gluten detoxification strategies with a consequent detrimental alteration of the technological properties as well. Obtaining low-gluten products without affecting the rheological properties of wheat could still be considered a new challenge to face. In this investigation, we presented a comprehensive characterization of durum wheat genotypes aimed at identifying low gluten ones, which combine the potential lower toxicity/immunogenicity with conserved yield and rheological properties to encompass the perspective usability for bread or pasta making. A preliminary profiling of gluten proteins was accomplished by immunoassay-based quantification and liquid chromatography coupled to UV detection, focusing on the gliadin fraction as main responsible for immunoreactivity in celiac disease patients. In addition, data on grain protein content, grain yield per spike, dry gluten and gluten index were collected in order to provide complementary information about productivity-related traits and quali-quantitative characteristics related to wheat nutritional value and its technological properties. The whole pool of data was statistically evaluated driving to the selection of a preferred list of candidate low-toxicity genotypes that were subjected to in-vitro simulated gastroduodenal digestion and untargeted HR-MS/MS peptide identification. Finally, an in-silico risk assessment of potential toxicity for celiac disease patients was performed according to the most recent guidance provided by EFSA
Allelic variation of wheat flour allergens in a collection of wheat genotypes.
No full textWheat is the most widely grown crop in the world and provides 20% of the daily protein and food calories for 4.5 billion people.
Together with rice, it is the most important food crop in the developing world. In the last decades, various symptoms have been
recorded across the population due to the consumption of wheat products, also summarized as “wheat allergy.” Wheat allergy
is usually reported as a food allergy but can also be a contact allergy as a result of exposure to wheat. Several important wheat
allergens have been characterized in the last years through biochemical, immunological, and molecular biological techniques. In
the present work, the identification of allelic variation of genes involved in wheat allergy was reported. A collection of wheat
genotypes was screened in order to identify new alleles. A total of 14 new alleles were identified for profilin, triosephosphateisomerase,
dehydrin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase, / gliadin, GluB3-23, and Glutathione transferase allergen genes
(located on chromosomes 1B, 3B, 6A, and homoelogous groups 5 and 7), potentially related to a minor allergenicity and useful in
breeding progra
Novel foods in the European framework: benefits and risks
Full text linkGiven the rapidly increasing global demand for food, it is mandatory to consider new sources of
nutrients, safe and sustainably produced protein foods to complement the current traditional and
limited sources of protein in the human diet. In recent years, a wide range of nontraditional protein
foods have been explored, prompting the European Union to legislate on how novel foods can be
introduced and traded on the European market to ensure their safety. This review will illustrate the
range of novel foods authorized in the EU and their potential impact on human health, highlighting
the gaps, the potential risks, and the future research opportunities and perspectives
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