1,721,136 research outputs found
Categorization and action. What about object consistence?
No full textCategorization studies have focused on the importance of a variety of perceptual properties (shape, size, weight). The present study explored whether the softness or hardness of an object might influence the way we categorize and consider category members. Of additional interest was whether information on consistence is automatically activated and whether it is modulated by the kind of task and of response modality. Three experiments demonstrated that information on consistence is automatically activated, and it helps us to distinguish between artefacts and natural objects. Interestingly, the results are in agreement with the simulation hypothesis; namely, when we consider artefacts, we simulate using them and information on their consistency is activated; this simulation is modulated by the task. The way we differently process artefacts and natural objects across the experiments confirms the simulation hypothesis and our sensitivity to the response modality
IL controllo motorio
No full textIl volume tratta degli studi di ambito psicologico sul movimento e sull'azione
Grasping the pain: Motor resonance with dangerous affordances
No full textTwo experiments, one on school-aged children and one on adults, explored the mechanisms underlying responses to an image prime (hand vs. control object) followed by graspable objects that were, in certain cases, dangerous. Participants were presented with different primes (a male hand, a female hand and a robotic grasping-hand; a male and a female static-hand; a control stimulus) and objects representing two risk levels (neutral and dangerous). The task required that a natural/artifact categorization task be performed by pressing different keys. In both adults and children graspable objects activated a facilitating motor response, while dangerous objects evoked aversive affordances, generating an interference-effect. Both children and adults were sensitive to the distinction between biological and non-biological hands, however detailed resonant mechanisms related to the hand-prime gender emerged only in adults. Implications for how the concept of “dangerous object” develops and the relationship between resonant mechanisms and perception of danger are discussed
Movimento e azione
No full textIl capitolo tratta delle ricerche recenti sul rapporto tra movimento, azione e oggetti, partendo dalla prospettiva della cognizione embodied e grounded
UNDERSTANDING AND PREVENTING ERRORS: HUMAN RELIABILITY IN PERCEPTION, ATTENTION, AND ACTION
No full textNicoletti, Roberto Mecacci, Luciano Rumiati, Rin
Sulla natura delle rappresentazioni condivise
No full textNell’ambito di compiti percettivo-motori è noto da tempo come la prestazione di un individuo cambi in presenza di un altro individuo. Rispetto alla semplice percezione delle azioni altrui, l’abilità di svolgere azioni condivise prevede necessariamente la comprensione dei compiti e la capacità di anticipare il comportamento altrui allo scopo di raggiungere un efficace coordinamento coordinato. In altre parole, alla base di una efficace prestazione condivisa c’è una pianificazione del comportamento che prevede le azioni e i compiti che l’altro potenzialmente può svolgere. Come suggerito da studi recenti, l’insieme di queste abilità dipende dalla capacità di creare rappresentazioni condivise del compito, in cui sono integrate nello stesso piano comportamentale le azioni attuali e future, proprie e dell’altro agente. Lo scopo del presente lavoro è analizzare la natura delle rappresentazioni condivise ed i meccanismi cognitivi alla loro base
Interactive effects between gaze direction and facial expression on attentional resources deployment: the task instruction and context matter
Full text linkIn three experiments, we tested whether the amount of attentional resources needed to process a face displaying neutral/angry/fearful facial expressions with direct or averted gaze depends on task instructions, and face presentation. To this end, we used a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation paradigm in which participants in Experiment 1 were first explicitly asked to discriminate whether the expression of a target face (T1) with direct or averted gaze was angry or neutral, and then to judge the orientation of a landscape (T2). Experiment 2 was identical to Experiment 1 except that participants had to discriminate the gender of the face of T1 and fearful faces were also presented randomly inter-mixed within each block of trials. Experiment 3 differed from Experiment 2 only because angry and fearful faces were never
presented within the same block. The findings indicated that the presence of the attentional blink (AB) for face stimuli depends on specific combinations of gaze direction and emotional facial expressions and crucially revealed that the contextual factors (e.g., explicit instruction to process the facial expression and the presence of other emotional faces) can modify and even reverse the AB, suggesting a flexible and more contextualized deployment of attentional resources in face processing
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