1,929 research outputs found
Environmental noise and electrodermal activity: measurements and limits of living lab experiments
No full textA Cholinergic Synaptically Triggered Event Participates in the Generation of Persistent Activity Necessary for Eye Fixation
No full textAn exciting topic regarding integrative properties of the nervous system is how transient motor commands or brief sensory stimuli are able to evoke persistent neuronal changes, mainly as a sustained, tonic action potential firing. A persisting firing seems to be necessary for postural maintenance after a previous movement. We have studied in vitro and in vivo the generation of the persistent neuronal activity responsible for eye fixation after spontaneous eye movements. Rat sagittal brainstem slices were used for the intracellular recording of prepositus hypoglossi (PH) neurons and their synaptic activation from nearby paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) neurons. Single electrical pulses applied to the PPRF showed a monosynaptic glutamatergic projection on PH neurons, acting on AMPA-kainate receptors. Train stimulation of the PPRF area evoked a sustained depolarization of PH neurons exceeding (by hundreds of milliseconds) stimulus duration. Both duration and amplitude of this sustained depolarization were linearly related to train frequency. The train-evoked sustained depolarization was the result of interaction between glutamatergic excitatory burst neurons and cholinergic mesopontine reticular fibers projecting onto PH neurons, because it was prevented by slice superfusion with cholinergic antagonists and mimicked by cholinergic agonists. As expected, microinjections of cholinergic antagonists in the PH nucleus of alert behaving cats evoked a gaze-holding deficit consisting of a re-centering drift of the eye after each saccade. These findings suggest that a slow, cholinergic, synaptically triggered event participates in the generation of persistent activity characteristic of PH neurons carrying eye position signals
Improved antimicrobial activity of immobilised essential oil components against representative spoilage wine microorganisms
No full text[EN] Wine, as a fermented drink, is considered a microbiologically safe beverage, but the growth of spoilage microorganisms can cause economic damage. As a new preservative process, the application of immobilised essential oil components (EOCs) is proposed in this study. EOCs were attached to the surface of three different commercial supports (silica particles, cellulose particles and cellulosic membrane) to avoid the disadvantages of using these compounds in their free form, such as volatility, low water solubility and intense aroma. The results showed that the treatment of spoilage microorganisms with antimicrobial particles (silica and cellulose) significantly reduced the viability and growth capacity of the target microorganisms. The covalent attachment of EOCs to particles led to a significant reduction in both the MIC values and viability compared with most free compounds. The enhanced antimicrobial activity of EOCs after their anchorage to a support was confirmed, resulting in MIC values of 10-90 fold lower than those of the free bioactive compounds. In addition, the filtration of microorganism suspensions through EOC-functionalised membranes showed remarkably antimicrobial activity.Authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and FEDER-EU (Projects AGL2015-70235-C2-1-R and AGL2016-77505-C3-1-R, granted to JMB and JMG, respectively). The authors also thank the Electron Microscopy Service at the UPV for support. Authors thank Antonio Ruiz for technical assistance.García-Ríos, E.; Ruiz Rico, M.; Guillamón Navarro, JM.; Pérez-Esteve, É.; Barat Baviera, JM. (2018). Improved antimicrobial activity of immobilised essential oil components against representative spoilage wine microorganisms. Food Control. 94:177-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.07.005S1771869
Measles outbreak in Andalusia, Spain, January to August 2011.
No full textJournal Article;On 7 January 2011, a six year-old child living in a Roma community near Seville, southern Spain, was hospitalised with measles. Contact tracing identified a probable index case with onset of symptoms on 20 December 2011 and several unreported cases among children under the age of 15 years in the same town. The outbreak initially spread in districts in the city of Seville with a high proportion of Roma residents, and later to other cities and towns in Andalusia. While some towns experienced wide spread of the disease with significant clusters of cases, most of the affected locations saw non-clustered cases or very few secondary cases. The outbreak resulted in 1,759 confirmed or probable cases of which 393 (19%) required hospitalisation. Measles virus of genotype D4 was diagnosed in more than half of the cases. Significant differences (p<0.0001) by age group were found between clustered and non-clustered cases. The highest proportion of clustered cases occurred in the age group of 5-14 yearolds, while the highest proportion of non-clustered cases was seen in those older than 29 years. The last confirmed case related to this outbreak was reported on 20 August 2011.Ye
Implementation and evaluation of a diffusion equation model based on finite difference schemes for sound field prediction in rooms
No full textIn this paper, the use of finite difference schemes for the acoustic diffusion equation model is introduced. Their features and limitations are analysed to select the adequate scheme based on both the stability conditions and the error order. The air absorption effects on the implementation are also discussed in terms of stability. To investigate the validity of the implementation, a set of simulations was conducted in a cubic room with four different absorption distributions. This evaluation was done by increasing either the spatial or the temporal resolutions of the studied scheme. The predicted values are compared with the statistical theory and geometrical models. The simulations suggested an empirical criterion for predicting the spatial and temporal resolutions that maximise the performance of the finite difference scheme © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This research is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (MCYT) under Project Ref. TEC2009-14414-C03-01 and FEDER funds. The work of JMN is also supported by the San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia (Spain) under Project Ref. PMAFI-PI-13/11. The work of JE is also supported by the University of Jaen and Caja Rural de Jaen (Spain) under Project Ref. UJA2009/12/12.Navarro Ruiz, JM.; Escolano Carrasco, J.; López Monfort, JJ. (2012). Implementation and evaluation of a diffusion equation model based on finite difference schemes for sound field prediction in rooms. Applied Acoustics. 73(6):659-665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2012.01.001S65966573
Cooperative Glutamatergic and Cholinergic Mechanisms Generate Short-Term Modifications of Synaptic Effectiveness in Prepositus Hypoglossi Neurons
No full textTo maintain horizontal eye position on a visual target after a saccade, extraocular motoneurons need a persistent (tonic) neural activity, called "eye-position signal," generated by prepositus hypoglossi (PH) neurons. We have shown previously in vitro and in vivo that this neural activity depends, among others mechanisms, on the interplay of glutamatergic transmission and cholinergic synaptically triggered depolarization. Here, we used rat sagittal brainstem slices, including PH nucleus and paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF). We made intracellular recordings of PH neurons and studied their synaptic activation from PPRF neurons. Train stimulation of the PPRF area evoked a cholinergic-sustained depolarization of PH neurons that outlasted the stimulus. EPSPs evoked in PH neurons by single pulses applied to the PPRF presented a short-term potentiation (STP) after train stimulation. APV (an NMDA-receptor blocker) or chelerythrine (a protein kinase-C inhibitor) had no effect on the sustained depolarization, but they did block the evoked STP, whereas pirenzepine (an M1 muscarinic antagonist) blocked both the sustained depolarization and the STP of PH neurons. Thus, electrical stimulation of the PPRF area activates both glutamatergic and cholinergic axons terminating in the PH nucleus, the latter producing a sustained depolarization probably involved in the genesis of the persistent neural activity required for eye fixation. M1-receptor activation seems to evoke a STP of PH neurons via NMDA receptors. Such STP could be needed for the stabilization of the neural network involved in the generation of position signals necessary for eye fixation after a saccade
Natural history of MYH7-related dilated cardiomyopathy
No full textInstituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund "A way to make Europe"/" Investing in your future" [PI18/0004, PI20/0320, PT17/0015/0043]; ISCIII; MCIN; Pro-CNIC Foundation; Severo Ochoa Centers of Excellence program [CEX2020-001041-S]; ISCIII [CM20/00101]Frutos F. de, Ochoa JP, Navarro-Peñalver M, Baas A, Bjerre JV, Zorio E, Méndez I, Lorca R, Verdonschot JAJ, García-Granja PE, Bilinska Z, Fatkin D, Fuentes-Cañamero ME, García-Pinilla JM, García-Álvarez MI, Girolami F, Barriales-Villa R, Díez-López C, Lopes LR, Wahbi K, García-Álvarez A, Rodríguez-Sánchez I, Rekondo-Olaetxea J, Rodríguez-Palomares JF, Gallego-Delgado M, Meder B, Kubanek M, Hansen FG, Restrepo-Córdoba MA, Palomino-Doza J, Ruiz-Guerrero L, Sarquella-Brugada G, Perez-Perez AJ, Bermúdez-Jiménez FJ, Ripoll-Vera T, Rasmussen TB, Jansen M, Sabater-Molina M, Elliot PM, Garcia-Pavia P; European Genetic Cardiomyopathies Initiative Investigator
Testing of Diagnostic Methods for Detection of Influenza Virusfor Optimal Performance in the Context of an Influenza Surveillance Network
No full textInfluenza surveillance networks must detect early the viruses that will cause the forthcoming annual epidemics and isolate the strains for further characterization. We obtained the highest sensitivity (95.4%) with a diagnostic tool that combined a shell-vial assay and reverse transcription-PCR on cell culture supernatants at 48 h, and indeed, recovered the strainYe
Restauración de un arma de la sala del Mundo Árabe del MNC. La pistola ametralladora FNAB PM43 CAL 9mm, una breve historia. 61 Tercera época (2015) abril-julio. Gaceta de Museos. Museo Nacional de las Culturas. 50 años
No full textAlfonso, B. A., “Antagonistas”, 2007, en línea [http://antagonistas.blogia.com/2007/033001-estado-partido-pueblo-revolucion.php], consultado el 27 de septiembre de 2001.Castañeda Reyes, José Carlos, “Carta resumen del proceso de inauguración de la sala del Mundo Árabe del mnc”, 6 de julio de 1989.Castellanos, A., R. Ruiz y D. Vega, “Fusil de asalto ak-47”, en Informe de intervenciones realizadas a 3 piezas procedentes del Museo Nacional de las Culturas, México, Seminario Taller de Restauración de Metales-encrym-inah-sep, 2012 [inédito].Ferrari, P. A., “Universidad de San Andrés (UBA/UDESA)”, 2009,en línea [https://ude-sa.edu.ar/files/UAHumanidades/DT/DT47-AnaFerrari.pdf], consultado el 8 de octubre de 2012.Gómez, A., “Representar a una cultura: el caso de la sala del Mundo árabe del Mu-seo Nacional de las Culturas”, tesis de licenciatura en antropología social,México, ENAH-INAH, 1998.Hogg, I. V., The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of the World’s Firearms,Nueva York, A-W, 1978.J. M., M., “Miniaturas JM”, 2009, en línea [http://www.miniaturasjm.com/uniformo-logia/uniformes-italianos-ejercito-italiano-en-italia-19401943/], consultado el 5 de octubre de 2012.Molina Tijeras, Pedro, La Segunda Guerra Mundial en sus citas, España, Pedro Molina, 2008.Müller Solon, Hugo, “Policía comunitaria. Nuevo paradigma del siglo XXI”, Seguridad Ahora, ¿dí...?, noviembre de 2003.Vergara J., R.J.D.M., “Universidad de Tarapacá. Arica, Chile”, 2007,en línea [http://congreso.pucp.edu.pe/cibim8/pdf/15/15-90.pdf], consultado el 10 de octubre de 2012
Influence of the scattering and absorption coefficients on homogeneous room simulations that use a diffusion equation model
No full textThe diffusion equation model was used for room acoustic simulations to predict the sound pressure level and the reverberation time. The technical literature states that the diffusion equation method accurately models the late portion of the room impulse response if the energy is sufficiently scattered. This work provides conclusions on the validity of the diffusion equation model for rooms with homogeneous dimensions in relation to the scattering coefficients of the boundaries. A systematic evaluation was conducted out to determine the ranges of the absorption and scattering coefficient values that result in low noticeable differences between the predictions from a geometrical acoustic model and those from the diffusion equation model. (C) 2013 Acoustical Society of America. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4789928]This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy under project ref. TEC2009-14414-C03-01 and project ref. TEC2012-37945-C02-01, and by the San Antonio's Catholic University under project ref. PMAFI-PI-13/11.Navarro Ruiz, JM.; Escolano Carrasco, J.; Cobos Serrano, M.; López Monfort, JJ. (2013). Influence of the scattering and absorption coefficients on homogeneous room simulations that use a diffusion equation model. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 133(3):1218-1221. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4789928S12181221133
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