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Come aiutare le pazienti a prevenire le neoplasie ormonosensibili migliorando lo stile di vita?
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Dieta, fibra e controllo glicemico
No full textAbstract
The aim of this review is to analyse the role of dietary fiber in the metabolic control of diabetes and cardiovascular complications. Special attention has been focused on mechanisms of the beneficial effects of fiber, as well as on dietary implications for treatment of diabetes.
The viscous soluble fiber reduces the postprandial glucose response and improves lipid metabolism; the reduced rate of glucose absorption, and the consequent modulation of gut hormone and cytokine secretion, represents the main mechanism explaining metabolic effects of viscous fiber.
The available evidence indicates that high-fiber diets (legumes, fruits, vegetables, and unrefined cereals) positively affect other cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, endothelial function and inflammation. Fiber is but one component of plant food, and other substances (mineral, vitamins and antioxidants) are likely to contribute to the protective effects of high-fiber diets.
Recent vascular biology studies highlighted the impact of diet on inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, important mechanisms in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic process. High-fiber diets have been suggested to positively influence endothelial function and inflammation, through a reduction of oxidative stress
Artificial nutrition in anorexia nervosa
No full textIn view of the paucity of studies and recognized difficulties in conducting randomized clinical trials in anorexia nervosa, evidence-based guidelines for enteral and parenteral nutrition in these patients are lacking, and current recommendations are based on experts’ opinions.
After reviewing available studies on this topic, we’ll attempt to outline practice recommendations for artificial nutrition in anorexia nervosa.
Although criteria for the use of artificial nutrition and its management vary among countries and among different centres for eating disorders, a consensus prevails that enteral nutrition should be resorted to when oral feeding fails especially in critical situations (as a life-saving intervention), while parenteral nutrition should be considered only for patients with impaired intestinal function.
Both available studies and clinical experience support the effectiveness of enteral nutrition on weight restoration. When enteral nutrition is integrated in a multimodal approach (nutritional and psychotherapeutic), and managed by an expert team, patients’ acceptance and compliance to nasogastric feeding are satisfactory, and major complications, such as the refeeding syndrome, may be avoided. However, it is essential that every team involved in treatment of eating disorders develop standard criteria and procedures for its use
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