2,965 research outputs found
A holographic dual of bjorken flow
No full textShunichiro Kinoshita, Shinji Mukohyama, Shin Nakamura, Kin-ya Oda. A Holographic Dual of Bjorken Flow. https://arxiv.org/abs/0807.3797.This is a pre-print of an article published in Progress of Theoretical Physics. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1143/PTP.121.121.We propose a consistent setup for a holographic dual of Bjorken flow of strongly coupled large-Nc N = 4 SYM-theory plasma. We employ Eddington-Finkelstein type coordinates for the dual geometry, and we propose a late-time expansion there. We construct the dual geometry order by order, and we show that the transport coefficients are determined by the regularity of the geometry. We also show that the dual geometry has an apparent horizon hence an event horizon, which covers the singularity at the origin. We prove that the dual geometry is regular at all orders under an appropriate choice of the transport coefficients. Our model is a concrete well-defined example of time-dependent AdS/CFT
The emergence of pan-Asian brands: regional strategies of Japanese cosmetic brands
No full textIn this article, I analyse the regional strategy of luxury Japanese cosmetics brands to investigate the claim of the Japanisation of Asia. I begin by examining the emergence of pan-Asian advertising for Japanese cosmetic brands, then make the case for an emphasis on branding, as distinct from advertising, which changes the way in which we understand this regional phenomenon. I explore the different ways in which a brand engages consumers, and argue for a sober assessment of the relative importance of advertising (and the salience of image of country of origin) in the overall branding process. I then follow the regional circulation of Japanese brands and media contents, neither of which can any longer be understood coherently in terms of a national framework such as Japanisation. I argue that the globalisation of advertising in Asia is a complex process shaped by large multinational corporations and a disjunctive flow of media contents, and that a more pronounced focus on brands will help to make sense of this process
Pulvinaria araliae Shinji 1935
No full textPulvinaria araliae Shinji, 1935 (Fig. 1) Pulvinaria araliae Shinji, 1935: 771; Ben-Dov, 1993: 250. Material examined. Neotype (here designated) JAPAN: Iwate Prefecture, Morioka, Kouma, on Eleutherococcus spinosus, 13.v.2003, coll. H. Tanaka, 1 adult female (EUMJ). Redescription. Live appearance: adult female elongate oval, fairly flat. Dorsum greenish yellow to green, with no visible wax before oviposition period. Slide-mounted adult female (n=1): body elongate oval, about 2.7 mm long and 2.0 mm wide, margin with shallow indentation at each stigmatic cleft; anal cleft about 1/5–1/6 body length. Dorsum. Derm membranous, dermal areolations lacking. Dorsal setae spiniform, frequent, scattered over entire dorsum, each 7–11 µm long with a well-developed basal socket. Preopercular pores oval to circular, small, each about 2–4 µm wide, 45 distributed in a longitudinal band anterior to anal plates. Dorsal tubular ducts and microducts frequent throughout. Dorsal tubercles absent.Anal plates together quadrate, each plate 162–164 µm long, 72–74 µm wide, with a well-developed supporting bar, posterolateral margin slightly convex, and 4 apical setae. Ano-genital fold with 2 pairs of setae along anterior margin and 2 pairs laterally. Anal ring bearing 6 setae. Eyespots present near margin. Margin. Marginal setae each with a well-developed basal socket and simple pointed apex, 20–64 µm long, each side with 13–14 setae present between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts. Stigmatic clefts shallow, each with 3 stigmatic spines, median spine longest, 84–89 µm long, about 2–4 times as long as a lateral spine. Venter. Derm membranous. Multilocular pores each about 5–8 µm wide, with 5–8 loculi (mostly 7) present around genital opening and on medial areas of all abdominal segments; a small group also present lateral to each meso- and metacoxa. Spiracular pores each 3–5 µm wide, with mainly 5 loculi, present in rather broad bands (3–7 pores wide) between margin and each spiracle; anterior bands each containing about 70 pores, posterior bands each with about 80 pores. Microducts scattered throughout venter, but most frequent on outer submarginal area. Tubular ducts of 3 types: type I with a large outer ductule and a stout inner ductule ending with a well-developed flowershaped terminal gland, present in posterior medial area of head, medial area of all thoracic segments and anterior abdominal segments and also in inner submarginal area extending from region near anterior abdominal segments to prothoracic segments; type II tubular ducts each with a rather small outer ductule and a shallow cup-shaped invagination, leading to a narrower inner ductule with a well-developed terminal gland, mostly distributed in medial area of posterior abdominal segments and inner submarginal area of abdominal segments; and type III ducts similar to type II but with a short filamentous inner ductule and a very small terminal gland, present in submarginal band and forming a complete submarginal ring, including anterior to antennae, and intermixing with type I and type II ducts in inner submarginal area. All abdominal and thoracic segments each with 1 (occasionally 2) pair of long ventral setae, present on medial area. With approximately 5 pairs of long setae present between antennae; other setae short and fine, distributed over entire venter. Spiracles normal; peritreme widths: anterior 64–69 µm, posterior 79–81 µm. Legs well developed, each with a completely articulated tibio-tarsal joint and an articulatory sclerosis; claw without a denticle; both claw digitules rather broad and slightly shorter than thin tarsal digitules. Hind trochanter + femur 376–382 µm long, hind tibia 249–258 µm long, and hind tarsus 119–124 µm long. Antennae 8 segmented, each 509–517 µm long. Labium about 70 µm long, 110 µm wide. Host plants. Araliaceae: Aralia chinensis (Shinji 1935) and Eleutherococcus spinosus (Shinji 1935, as Acanthopanax spinosum). Distribution. Japan: Iwate Prefecture (Shinji 1935). Remarks. Pulvinaria araliae resembles P. nipponica Lindinger, 1933, P. kuwacola Kuwana, 1907, and P. photiniae Kuwana, 1914, in the distribution of type III ventral tubular ducts, the number of loculi in the multilocular pores, and in lacking dorsal tubercles. However, it can be easily distinguished from the above species in having well-developed ventral setae on all the thoracic and abdominal segments, and in lacking dermal areolations on the dorsum. Important diagnostic morphological character states of this species and a comparison between them and those of the type species of the genus, P. vitis (Linnaeus, 1758), are summarized in Table 1. The author of this species, Dr. Orihei Shinji (1885–1951) is known as a problematic taxonomist in Japan and it is thought that at least some of his descriptions are unreliable (Aoki 1996). Furthermore, the original description of P. araliae was based on highly variable morphological characters (e.g. live appearance, proportions of the lengths of antennal segments, body length, and ovisac length) that have little taxonomic value. The type specimens of P. araliae have been reported as lost (Ben-Dov 1993) and the author has searched for type specimens of this species for over 10 years in most of the Coccomorpha collections in Japan, but none could be found. It is concluded that all of Dr. Shinji’s type specimens of Pulvinaria spp. have been lost. Therefore, the specimen of P. araliae described here was identified based only on the identity of the host plant (Eleutherococcus spinosus) and the type locality (Iwate Prefecture, Japan). No other Pulvinaria species are known from Eleutherococcus spinosus (García Morales et al. 2016) and the specimen’s morphology is different from all other known Japanese species of Pulvinaria. The author believes that designation of a neotype of this species is necessary because the original description of the species is not informative and its type material has been lost. The specimen used in the redescription above is here designated as the neotype of P. araliae for the purpose of taxonomic stability. Shinji (1935) wrote that the body of the adult female of P. araliae was subspherical and young adult females (or nymphs) showed as numerous black spots. The neotype specimen was flat and did not show any black spots on the surface; however, its microscopic morphology is consistent with the original description. These discrepancies may be due to differences in the age of the specimens; the specimen collected by Shinji (1935) was probably a fully grown old gravid female.Published as part of Tanaka, Hirotaka, 2020, Redescriptions of three species of Pulvinaria (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) in Japan, pp. 131-141 in Zootaxa 4779 (1) on pages 132-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4779.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/383165
Supplementary_data_2 – Supplemental material for Clinical study of octacalcium phosphate and collagen composite in oral and maxillofacial surgery
No full textSupplemental material, Supplementary_data_2 for Clinical study of octacalcium phosphate and collagen composite in oral and maxillofacial surgery by Tadashi Kawai, Shinji Kamakura, Keiko Matsui, Masayuki Fukuda, Hiroshi Takano, Mitsuyoshi Iino, Shigeo Ishikawa, Hiromasa Kawana, Tomoya Soma, Eisaku Imamura, Hideki Kizu, Aya Michibata, Izumi Asahina, Keiichiro Miura, Norifumi Nakamura, Toshiro Kibe, Osamu Suzuki and Tetsu Takahashi in Journal of Tissue Engineering</p
sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X211045848 - Supplemental material for Cerebral haemodynamic response to somatosensory stimulation in preterm lambs and 7–10-day old lambs born at term: Direct synchrotron microangiography assessment
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X211045848 for Cerebral haemodynamic response to somatosensory stimulation in preterm lambs and 7–10-day old lambs born at term: Direct synchrotron microangiography assessment by Ishmael M Inocencio, Nhi T Tran, Shinji Nakamura, Song J Khor, Manon Wiersma, Katja Stoecker, Anton Maksimenko, Graeme R Polglase, David W Walker, James T Pearson and Flora Y Wong in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism</p
Supplementary_data_1 – Supplemental material for Clinical study of octacalcium phosphate and collagen composite in oral and maxillofacial surgery
No full textSupplemental material, Supplementary_data_1 for Clinical study of octacalcium phosphate and collagen composite in oral and maxillofacial surgery by Tadashi Kawai, Shinji Kamakura, Keiko Matsui, Masayuki Fukuda, Hiroshi Takano, Mitsuyoshi Iino, Shigeo Ishikawa, Hiromasa Kawana, Tomoya Soma, Eisaku Imamura, Hideki Kizu, Aya Michibata, Izumi Asahina, Keiichiro Miura, Norifumi Nakamura, Toshiro Kibe, Osamu Suzuki and Tetsu Takahashi in Journal of Tissue Engineering</p
Consistent anti-de sitter-space/conformal-field-theory dual for a time-dependent finite temperature system
No full textShunichiro Kinoshita, Shinji Mukohyama, Shin Nakamura, and Kin-ya Oda. Consistent Anti–de Sitter-Space/Conformal-Field-Theory Dual for a Time-Dependent Finite Temperature System. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 031601, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.031601.We propose a consistent setup for the holographic dual of the strongly coupled large-Nc N=4 super Yang-Mills theory plasma which undergoes the Bjorken flow relevant to the quark-gluon plasma at BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and CERN LHC. The dual geometry is constructed order by order in a well-defined late-time expansion. The transport coefficients are determined by the regularity of the geometry. We prove, for the first time, that the dual geometry has an apparent horizon, hence, an event horizon, which covers a singularity at the origin. Further we prove that the dual geometry is regular to all orders in the late-time expansion under an appropriate choice of the transport coefficients. This choice is also shown to be unique. Our model serves as a concrete well-defined example of a time-dependent anti-de Sitter-space/conformal-field- theory dual
ESPnet2 pretrained model, Shinji Watanabe/gigaspeech_asr_train_asr_raw_en_bpe5000_valid.acc.ave, fs=16k, lang=en
No full textThis model was trained by Shinji Watanabe using gigaspeech recipe in espnet.
Python API
See https://github.com/espnet/espnet_model_zoo
Evaluate in the recipe
git clone https://github.com/espnet/espnet
cd espnet
git checkout dcb5bdb2ffa34a9f44255c0b073759c5b9b3f86e
pip install -e .
cd egs2/gigaspeech/asr1
./run.sh --skip_data_prep false --skip_train true --download_model Shinji Watanabe/gigaspeech_asr_train_asr_raw_en_bpe5000_valid.acc.ave
Results
# RESULTS
## Environments
- date: `Tue Mar 23 10:03:49 EDT 2021`
- python version: `3.8.5 (default, Sep 4 2020, 07:30:14) [GCC 7.3.0]`
- espnet version: `espnet 0.9.8`
- pytorch version: `pytorch 1.7.1`
- Git hash: `dcb5bdb2ffa34a9f44255c0b073759c5b9b3f86e`
- Commit date: `Sat Mar 13 10:16:16 2021 -0500`
## asr_train_asr_raw_en_bpe5000
### WER
|dataset|Snt|Wrd|Corr|Sub|Del|Ins|Err|S.Err|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|decode_asr_asr_model_valid.acc.ave/dev|2043|51075|92.9|4.5|2.6|2.1|9.2|65.6|
|decode_asr_asr_model_valid.acc.ave/test|9627|175116|90.5|7.0|2.5|6.1|15.6|69.3|
### CER
|dataset|Snt|Wrd|Corr|Sub|Del|Ins|Err|S.Err|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|decode_asr_asr_model_valid.acc.ave/dev|2043|271188|97.5|0.9|1.6|1.7|4.2|65.6|
|decode_asr_asr_model_valid.acc.ave/test|9627|909930|96.5|1.6|1.9|5.6|9.0|69.3|
### TER
|dataset|Snt|Wrd|Corr|Sub|Del|Ins|Err|S.Err|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|decode_asr_asr_model_valid.acc.ave/dev|2043|63598|93.3|3.9|2.8|2.1|8.8|65.6|
|decode_asr_asr_model_valid.acc.ave/test|9627|218851|90.8|6.1|3.1|7.0|16.2|69.3|
ASR config
config: conf/train_asr.yaml
print_config: false
log_level: INFO
dry_run: false
iterator_type: sequence
output_dir: exp/asr_train_asr_raw_en_bpe5000
ngpu: 1
seed: 0
num_workers: 1
num_att_plot: 3
dist_backend: nccl
dist_init_method: env://
dist_world_size: 4
dist_rank: 0
local_rank: 0
dist_master_addr: localhost
dist_master_port: 37831
dist_launcher: null
multiprocessing_distributed: true
unused_parameters: false
sharded_ddp: false
cudnn_enabled: true
cudnn_benchmark: false
cudnn_deterministic: true
collect_stats: false
write_collected_feats: false
max_epoch: 20
patience: null
val_scheduler_criterion:
- valid
- loss
early_stopping_criterion:
- valid
- loss
- min
best_model_criterion:
- - valid
- acc
- max
keep_nbest_models: 10
grad_clip: 5.0
grad_clip_type: 2.0
grad_noise: false
accum_grad: 4
no_forward_run: false
resume: true
train_dtype: float32
use_amp: false
log_interval: null
use_tensorboard: true
use_wandb: false
wandb_project: null
wandb_id: null
detect_anomaly: false
pretrain_path: null
init_param: []
freeze_param: []
num_iters_per_epoch: null
batch_size: 20
valid_batch_size: null
batch_bins: 35000000
valid_batch_bins: null
train_shape_file:
- exp/asr_stats_raw_en_bpe5000/train/speech_shape
- exp/asr_stats_raw_en_bpe5000/train/text_shape.bpe
valid_shape_file:
- exp/asr_stats_raw_en_bpe5000/valid/speech_shape
- exp/asr_stats_raw_en_bpe5000/valid/text_shape.bpe
batch_type: numel
valid_batch_type: null
fold_length:
- 80000
- 150
sort_in_batch: descending
sort_batch: descending
multiple_iterator: false
chunk_length: 500
chunk_shift_ratio: 0.5
num_cache_chunks: 1024
train_data_path_and_name_and_type:
- - dump/raw/train/wav.scp
- speech
- kaldi_ark
- - dump/raw/train/text
- text
- text
valid_data_path_and_name_and_type:
- - dump/raw/dev/wav.scp
- speech
- kaldi_ark
- - dump/raw/dev/text
- text
- text
allow_variable_data_keys: false
max_cache_size: 0.0
max_cache_fd: 32
valid_max_cache_size: null
optim: adam
optim_conf:
lr: 0.0015
scheduler: warmuplr
scheduler_conf:
warmup_steps: 25000
token_list:
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News and the Dollar/Yen Exchange Rate, 1931-1933: The End of the Gold Standard, Imperialism, and the Great Depression
No full textAccording to the efficient market hypothesis, news in Tokyo is responsible for the exchange rate changes during the Tokyo market hours, while the U.S. news is responsible for changes in the New York hours. The intra-daily dynamics of the $/yen exchange rate from December 1931 to November 1933 is analyzed. Japan's decision to go off gold in December 1931 depreciated yen by 30% in a month, mostly in the Tokyo market. During 1932, the yen depreciated another 30%, mainly due to Japan's aggression in China and resulting diplomatic isolation. In 1933, the yen appreciated against the dollar, mainly in the New York market, due to the U.S. decision to go off gold. However, exchange rate volatility and its sensitivity to news declined over the two year period, because of increasing capital controls. Changes in the interest rate differential was found insignificant for the changes in the exchange rate. Political regime changes, such as a decision to go off gold, most influenced the exchange rate for the period considered. There were no policy decisions by Japan to cause yen depreciation to promote export and limit import in 1931-33.
Tessaradomidae Jullien 1903
No full textFamily Tessaradomidae Jullien in Jullien and Calvet, 1903 <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Jullien and Calvet (1903) placed <i>Tessaradoma</i> Norman, 1869 in their new family Lepralidae in the text, but also proposed the family Tessaradomidae in their plate 14, comparing the position of the operculum with that in other families. In that article, new families were written as for example, “Famille Adeonidae J. Jullien 1903 ”. According to this, the author of Tessaradomidae can be attributed to Jullien only (Hayward and Ryland 1979).</p>Published as part of <i>Arakawa, Shinji, 2024, Descriptions of Three Cheilostomatid Bryozoan Species from the Continental Shelf off Boso Peninsula, Japan, pp. 99-110 in Species Diversity 29 (1)</i> on page 100, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.99, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10928489">http://zenodo.org/record/10928489</a>
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