79 research outputs found
The assessment of disability in children and adolescents with headache: Adopting PedMIDAS in an epidemiological study
No full textObjective: The study aimed at the assessment of disability in children with headache (n = 1585, 11-14 yrs) from a randomly drawn population based sample. We explored the suitability of the PedMIDAS in epidemiological research by various indicators of response quality. Furthermore, predictors of disability were examined, as well as its association with measures of health care behaviour. Methods: The PedMIDAS measures functional interference in different domains of life by asking the children for the number of days that their headache partially or totally interfered with their activities. Results: The examination of response behaviour revealed a marked attrition of responses (missing, invalid) in two items. As a consequence, the total score for disability could not be obtained for about 25% of the children. Analysis of homogeneity of the PedMIDAS items revealed low item/total correlations in two items. The grading of disability resulted in 81.2% of all children with headache showing no or low disability. Only 1.4% was "severely" disabled. Disability was predicted by frequency, type and intensity of headache. From all psychological variables only dysfunctional stress coping was significantly associated with disability. Disability itself was significantly associated with medical consultation. Conclusions: Suitability of the PedMIDAS for epidemiological research was supported, however with a caveat and recommendations for item revision. Severe disability due to headache was rare in the studied unselected sample when defined by behavioural interference. It is suggested to explore the construct of disability by a multi-method approach, including further instruments assessing headache related distress, (respectively) quality of life. (C) 2010 European Federation of International Association for the Study of Pain Chapters. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
EEG frequency and phase coupling during human information processing
No full textSchack B, Rappelsberger P, Vath N, et al. EEG frequency and phase coupling during human information processing. METHODS OF INFORMATION IN MEDICINE 40. 2001:106-111
Multiple Pains in Children and Adolescents: A Risk Factor Analysis in a Longitudinal Study
No full textObjective: The aim of the study was to ascertain the prevalence of multiple pains (MPs) and detect psychosocial risk factors assessed 1 year previously. Method: MPs were defined by the number of sites where pain was reported to occur at least "sometimes" in a general population sample of 2,219 German youths. Results: Two or more sites of recurrent pain were reported by 54% of the participants, whereas 27% reported no pains. Girls were much more prone to MPs than boys. Stability of MP was high in the two waves. Regression analysis revealed that prior MP, age, sex, internalizing/externalizing symptoms, and time spent with visual media explained 25% of the variance: the contribution of the psychosocial factors to the model was small. Separate analyses for boys and girls displayed different risk-factor profiles and a higher degree of predictability in girls. Conclusion: A supposedly biological disposition, namely pain vulnerability, being particularly high in girls, is assumed to build the basis of pains felt in various sites of the body. Further research is needed to corroborate and specify these assumptions
Risk Factors for Headache in Children
No full textBackground: 10% to 30% of all children worldwide suffer from headaches at least once a week, potentially constituting a serious health problem that may lead to impairment in multiple areas. Therefore, one aim of the epidemiological longitudinal study "Children, Adolescents, and Headache" (KiJuKo) is the study of potential risk factors for the development of recurrent headaches. Methods: In the first survey (2003), questionnaires were sent to 8800 households with a child between 7 and 14 years of age. Three further surveys followed, one each year from 2004 to 2006. A number of predictors having to do with family characteristics and leisure activities were identified on the basis of the first survey and were then studied in the second survey (n = 2952) with respect to their influence on the new occurrence of headaches. Results: The risk of developing recurrent headaches between the first and the second survey was elevated by a factor of approximately 1.8 for boys who experienced quarrels in the family more than once per week, and by a factor of 2.1 for boys who only "sometimes" had free time for themselves. The risk of developing recurrent headaches was 25% higher in girls whose parents' behavior towards the child positively or negatively reinforced the occurrence of headaches. Conclusions: These findings are in accordance with those of other studies showing that, for boys, the frequency of quarreling in the family and the extent of leisure time are major factors in the development of recurrent headaches. For girls, the manner in which the parents respond to the child's headache seems to be important.German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [01EM0521
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No full textVingerafdruk: 000004 - b1 vath msch : b2 Staten ndeEuropeana-GoogleBook
Agreement of Parents and Children on Characteristics of Pediatric Headache, Other Pains, Somatic Symptoms, and Depressive Symptoms in an Epidemiologic Study
No full textBackground: The objective of the present Study was to assess the concordance between parent and child report regarding different domains of pediatric health, headache in particular. In addition, the influence of potential moderator variables on the agreement between parents and children was examined. Methodology: In an epidemiologic study on a randomly drawn sample of households with at least I child in the family between 7 and 14 years of age (community registries), various pediatric health disturbances (headache other pains, somatic symptoms, and depression/anxiety) were assessed via both child (from the age of 9 y on) and parent report (n = 3461). Results: A relatively high parent-child agreement (sigma(M) = 0.61) was found regarding the variable headache frequency, whereas consensus regarding other pains was, for the most part, markedly lower. The lowest agreement (sigma(M) = 0.27) was found for depression/anxiety symptoms. A moderator analysis (with age, sex, and parental headache) between child and parent failed to reveal significant differences regarding the degree of agreement between the 2 data sources. Children reported more frequent and more severe symptoms in all health domains. Conclusion: The examined potential moderator variables did not elucidate processes underlying the differences in child and parent agreement. There is no convincing evidence that the children's appraisal is less valid than their parents'. In summary, parents' reports cannot be viewed as a substitute for children's reports in pediatric pain and health assessment. Instead, each perspective represents a unique Subjective reality and as such, both are of importance for research on pediatric pain and other health variables
ПРЯМОЕ ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЕ n-АРНЫХ ГРУПП
No full textThe notion of n-ary group is a generalization of the binary group so many of the results from the theory of groups have n-ary analogue in theory of n-ary groups. But there are significant differences in these theories. For example, multiplier of the direct product of n-ary groups does not always have isomorphic copy in this product (in paper there is an example). It is proved that the direct product ∏ i∈I ⟨Ai , fi⟩ n-ary groups has n-ary subgroup isomorphic to ⟨Aj , fj ⟩ (j ∈ I), then and only when there is a homomorphism of ⟨Aj , fj ⟩ in ∏ i∈I,i̸=j ⟨Ai , fi⟩. Were found necessary and sufficient conditions for in direct product of n-ary groups, each of the direct factors had isomorphic copy in this product and the intersection of these copies singleton (as well as in groups) – each direct factor has a idempotent. For every n-ary group, can define a binary group which helps to study the n-ary group, that is true Gluskin-Hossu theorem: for every n-ary group of ⟨G, f⟩ for an element e ∈ G can define a binary group ⟨G, ·⟩, in which there will be an automorphism φ(x) = f(e, x, cn−2 1 ) and an element d = f( (n) e ) such that the following conditions are satisfied: f(x n 1 ) = x1 · φ(x2) · . . . · φ n−1 (xn) · d, x1, x2, . . . , xn ∈ G; (4) φ(d) = d; (5) φ n−1 (x) = d · x · d −1 , x ∈ G. (6) Group ⟨G, ·⟩, which occurs in Gluskin-Hossu theorem called retract n-ary groups ⟨G, f⟩. Converse Gluskin-Hossu theorem is also true: in any group ⟨G, ·⟩ for selected automorphism φ and element d with the terms (5) and (6), given n-ary group ⟨G, f⟩, where f defined by the rule (4). A n-ary group called (φ, d)- defined on group ⟨G, ·⟩ and denote derφ,d⟨G, ·⟩. Was found connections between n-ary group, (φ, d)-derived from the direct product of groups and n-ary groups that (φi , di)-derived on multipliers of this product: let ∏ i∈I ⟨Ai , ·i⟩ – direct product groups and φi , di – automorphism and an element in group ⟨Ai , ·i⟩ with the terms of (5) and (6) for any i ∈ I. Then derφ,d ∏ i∈I ⟨Ai , ·i⟩ = ∏ i∈I derφi,di ⟨Ai , ·i⟩, where φ – automorphism of direct product of groups ∏ i inI ⟨Ai , ·i⟩, componentwise given by the rule: for every a ∈ ∏ i∈I Ai , φ(a)(i) = φi(a(i)) (called diagonal automorphism), and d(i) = di for any i ∈ I. In the theory of n-ary groups indecomposable n-ary groups are finite primary and infinite semicyclic n-ary groups (built by Gluskin-Hossu theorem on cyclic groups). We observe n-ary analogue indecomposability cyclic groups. However, unlike groups, finitely generated semi-abelian n-ary group is not always decomposable into a direct product of a finite number of indecomposable semicyclic n-ary groups. It is proved that any finitely generated semiabelian n-ary group is isomorphic to the direct product finite number of indecomposable semicyclic n-ary groups (infinite or finite primary) if and only if in retract this n-ary group automorphism φ from Gluskin-Hossu theorem conjugate to some diagonal automorphism.Понятие n-арной группы является обобщением бинарной группы, по- этому многие результаты из теории групп имеют n-арный аналог в теории n-арных групп. Но имеются существенные отличия в этих теориях. На- пример, множитель прямого произведения n-арных групп не всегда имеет изоморфную копию в этом произведении (в работе указан пример). Доказано, что в прямом произведении ∏ i∈I ⟨Ai , fi⟩ n-арных групп имеется n- арная подгруппа, изоморфная ⟨Aj , fj ⟩ (j ∈ I), тогда и только тогда, когда найдется некоторый гомоморфизм из ⟨Aj , fj ⟩ в ∏ i∈I,i̸=j ⟨Ai , fi⟩. Найдены необходимые и достаточные условия для того, чтобы в прямом произведении n-арных групп каждый из прямых множителей имел изоморфную копию в этом произведении и пересечение этих копий одноэлементно (как в группах) – в каждом прямом множителе имеется идемпотент. На любой n-арной группе можно определить бинарную группу, которая помогает изучать данную n-арную группу, т.е. верна теорема Глускина- Хоссу: на всякой n-арной группе ⟨G, f⟩ для элемента e ∈ G можно определить бинарную группу ⟨G, ·⟩, в которой найдутся автоморфизм φ(x) = f(e, x, cn−2 1 ) и элемент d = f( (n) e ) такие, что выполнены условия: f(x n 1 ) = x1 · φ(x2) · . . . · φ n−1 (xn) · d, x1, x2, . . . , xn ∈ G; (1) φ(d) = d; (2) φ n−1 (x) = d · x · d −1 , x ∈ G. (3) Группу ⟨G, ·⟩, которая возникает в теореме Глускина-Хоссу, называют ре- трактом n-арной группы ⟨G, f⟩. Верна и обратная теорема Глускина-Хоссу: в любой группе ⟨G, ·⟩ для выбранных автоморфизма φ и элемента d с условиями (5) и (6), задается n- арная группа ⟨G, f⟩, где f действует по правилу (4). Такую n-арную группу называют (φ, d)-определенной на группе ⟨G, ·⟩ и обозначают derφ,d⟨G, ·⟩. Найдена связь между n-арной группой, (φ, d)-определенной на декартовом произведении групп и n-арными группами, которые (φi , di)-опреде- лены на множителях этого произведения: пусть ∏ i∈I ⟨Ai , ·i⟩ – декартово произведение групп и φi , di – автоморфизм и элемент в группе ⟨Ai , ·i⟩ с условиями (5) и (6) для любого i ∈ I. Тогда derφ,d ∏ i∈I ⟨Ai , ·i⟩ = ∏ i∈I derφi,di ⟨Ai , ·i⟩, где φ – автоморфизм декартова произведения групп ∏ i∈I ⟨Ai , ·i⟩, заданный покомпонентно по правилу:для любого a ∈ ∏ i∈I Ai , φ(a)(i) = φi(a(i)) (такой автоморфизм назовем диагональным), и d(i) = di для любого i ∈ I. В теории n-арных групп неразложимыми n-арными группами являют- ся конечные примарные и бесконечные полуциклические n-арные группы (построенные по теореме Глускина-Хоссу на циклических группах). Мы наблюдаем n-арный аналог неразложимости циклических групп. Однако, в отличии от групп, конечно порожденная полуабелева n-арная группа не всегда разложима в прямое произведение конечного числа неразло- жимых полуциклических n-арных групп. Доказано, что любая конечно порожденная полуабелева n-арная группа изоморфна прямому произведению конечного числа неразложимых полуциклических n-арных групп (беcконечных либо конечных примарных) тогда и только тогда, когда в ретракте этой n-арной группы автоморфизм φ из теоремы Глускина-Хоссу сопряжен некоторому диагональному автоморфизму.
Microderivatization of peptides by placing a fixed positive charge at the N-terminus to modify high energy collision fragmentation
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