21,993 research outputs found
Therapeutic uses of inorganic nitrite and nitrate - from the past to the future
No full textPotential carcinogenic effects, blue baby syndrome, and occasional intoxications caused by nitrite, as well as the suspected health risks related to fertilizer overuse, contributed to the negative image that inorganic nitrite and nitrate have had for decades. Recent experimental studies related to the molecular interaction between nitrite and heme proteins in blood and tissues, the potential role of nitrite in hypoxic vasodilatation, and an unexpected protective action of nitrite against ischemia/reperfusion injury, however, paint a different picture and have led to a renewed interest in the physiological and pharmacological properties of nitrite and nitrate. The range of effects reported suggests that these simple oxyanions of nitrogen have a much richer profile of biological actions than hitherto assumed, and several efforts are currently underway to investigate possible beneficial effects in the clinical arena. We provide here a brief historical account of the medical uses of nitrite and nitrate over the centuries that may serve as a basis for a careful reassessment of the health implications of their exposure and intake and may inform investigations into their therapeutic potential in the future
Michel Foucault and Judith Butler: troubling Butler's appropriation of Foucault's work
No full textOne of the main influences on Judith Butler‘s thinking has been the work of Michel Foucault. Although this relationship is often commented on, it is rarely discussed in any detail. My thesis makes a contribution in this area. It presents an analysis of Foucault‘s work with the aim of countering Butler‘s representation of his thinking. In the first part of the thesis, I show how Butler initially interprets Foucault‘s project through Nietzschean genealogy, psychoanalysis and Derridean discourse, and how she later develops this interpretation in line with the progress of her own project. In the main part of the thesis, I present an analysis of Foucault‘s thinking in the period from The Archaeology of Knowledge (1969) to The History of Sexuality volume 1 (1976). This analysis focuses on the aspect of his work which has most influenced Butler‘s thinking: namely the notion of a relationship between knowledge, discourse and power. The other issues in his work which Butler addresses—genealogy, the subject, the body, abnormality, and sexuality—are discussed within this framework. I show how, in the early 1970s, Foucault develops the notion of power-knowledge, and sets out a relationship between power-knowledge and discourse which is overlooked by Butler. I argue that Butler interprets Foucaultian power through the notions of repression and social norms, and ignores the concepts of technology and strategy which form a key part of Foucault‘s thinking. I show how, from The Archaeology of Knowledge on, Foucault develops a socio-historical ontology and a genealogy of the subject, both of which are at variance with Butler‘s interpretation of his thinking
Author, Author! Part 1
No full textThere can be no better venue for paying homage to celebrated writers than a journal devoted to wordplay. A score of such literary luminaries awaiting well-deserved recognition is concealed in the listing below. Revealing a name entails permuting the collection that results when a new letter replaces a given one in each word. To illustrate, after scrambling, the creators of Tom Sawyer and Robinson Crusoe will be exposed when W supplants G in GIANT and O does the same to R in FREED, respectively. A perfect score authorizes you to call yourself an author authority
Author correction: obesity and ethnicity alter gene expression in skin
No full textDaniel Butler was omitted from the author list in the original version of this Article. The Author contributions section now reads: “J.M.W. designed, conducted, and contributed to the writing of the manuscript, prepared Fig. 1. S.G. evaluated and did statistical analysis on the skin and fat samples, prepared Figs. 2–9. J.O.A. evaluated and contributed to writing the manuscript. D.B prepared and sequenced DNA libraries for the skin microbiota data, and wrote the applicable parts of the methods section. C.M. analyzed and wrote up the skin microbiota data, prepared Fig. 10. All authors have read the manuscript and approved its contents. D.D. analyzed and wrote up the skin microbiota data. S.Z. ran and analyzed the skin metabolite data. J.S. assisted in design, analysis and wrote up the skin metabolite data. J.K. assisted in analysis write up of skin and fat data. J.L.B. assisted in analysis, interpretation and writing of the manuscript. P.R.H. designed, analyzed, interpreted the data, and was the primary author of the manuscript.” This has been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article, and in the accompanying Supplementary Information file.</p
HLA class I binding of synthetic nonamer peptides carrying major anchor residue motifs of HLA-B27 (B*2705)-binding pwptides.
No full textEight nonamer peptides that comply with the major anchor residue motifs (the combination of amino acid residues at positions 2 and 9), R - K and R - R, of HLA-B27 (B*2705)-binding peptides were synthesized and tested for their direct binding to HLA class I alpha chains by the HLA class I alpha chain refolding assay previously described. One was a known B27 (B*2705)-binding heat shock protein peptide, HSP89 alpha (201-209), and the other seven were derived from the sequence of wild-type P53, a human tumor suppressor protein. A total of 36 HLA class I allospecificities were tested. HSP89 alpha (201-209) and two P53 peptides, P53 (362-370) and P53 (378-386), all possessing the motif R - K, bound strongly to B27 (B*2705) alpha chains. A weak binding was seen for P53 (272-280) and P53 (334-342), both showing the motif R - R. Most of these B27-binding peptides were found to bind to A3 alpha chains as well. In addition, P53 (173-181) and P53 (334-342), both with the R - R motif, showed substantial binding with A31 alpha chains. All the peptides carrying the motif R - K also showed weak binding with A31 alpha chains. The remaining two peptides, P53 (201-209) and P53 (282-290), with the motif R - R, did not show significant binding with any of the alpha chains tested. This study demonstrates both the specificity of peptide binding to a given HLA allelic product and the occurrence of cross-peptide-binding between the allelic products of different HLA loci
Butler groups of infinite rank
No full textAbstractFor a fixed proper subgroup R (of type t) of the group Q of rational numbers, a torsion-free group A is called an R-group if it satisfies Bext1(A, R) = 0, where Bext stands for the set of balanced extensions. Those R-groups whose nonzero elements are of types ≤t are investigated. In the constructible universe L, these R-groups (up to cardinality ℵω) turn out to coincide with those A for which the group Ǎ = A ⊗ R0 is a Butler group; here R0 denotes the largest subgroup of R of idempotent type t0 ≤ t. This claim is false in models of set theory in which Shelah's Proper Forcing Axiom holds
Il dolore comune. Butler dopo Kant
No full textThe author shows how the political reflexion of Butler is a radicalisation of the Kantian one. The theme of pain ,which Heidegger already debated on a rational and non-emotional basis, constitutes for the philosopher the point from which you start to think about the community today
The Horns of the North: Historical Sources of J. R. R. Tolkien\u27s Trilogy
No full textFew books have enjoyed the publishing success seen in the last decade by J. R. R. Tolkien\u27s epic fantasy trilogy, The Lord of the Rings. Since the time of its paperback appearance in 1965 the work has not only attracted wide popular readership but has also stimulated a considerable body of scholarly criticism.1 As a work of fantasy, Tolkien\u27s tale of struggle surrounding a ring of power has attracted most of its commentators to the areas of myth and linguistics, two of the sources upon which the author relied most heavily. Yet for all its epic dimensions, the trilogy has thus far failed co spur a similar inquiry into another of Tolkien\u27s vital sources, the realm of history and the historical imagination
Between the waves: currents in contemporary feminist thought
No full textWith a continuing focus on liberal feminism, Marxist feminism and essentialism, one would be forgiven for
thinking that feminist theory is unable to break free from the ‘second wave’. This is not the case. This article reviews three books which take on these feminist issues and offer new readings on the questions at the heart of feminism. Each provides clear links to feminism of the past but also connects to present debate and makes
suggestions for future directions for feminism. There is plenty of literature which bemoans the end of feminism and some which triumphantly hails our era as post-feminist: no longer in need of feminist theory. Contrary to such claims, each book tackles the problem of women’s oppression from a different perspective, each presents different solutions and in so doing they demonstrate that feminism is alive and well
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