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Monopelopia (Monopelopia) obscurata Mondal & Mukherjee & Hazra 2022, sp. n.
No full textMonopelopia (Monopelopia) obscurata sp. n. https://zoobank.org/ 0A5C24CA-B5A8-489A-AC6A-B5C3F69C385D Type Material. Holotype male with larval and pupal exuviae (reared), labelled as ‘ Monopelopia obscurata sp. n. Mondal, Mukherjee and Hazra, India, West Bengal, Suntaley khola (27.01, 88.78), 03.VII.2019, Coll. D. Mondal’. Diagnosis. The new species can be separated from other members of the subgenus Monopelopia by having the following combination of characters: Male. AR 1.46; wing uniformly covered with dense macrotrichia; darkened r-m cross vein; hind tibial comb with 6 setae; T IX with 2 dorsolateral setae on each side. Pupa. Thoracic horn without acute apical projection, plastron plate occupying distal fifth of thoracic horn, L/ W 6.1. Larva. Pecten hypopharyngis with 4 teeth, posterior parapod with one darkened strongly curved claw with 5 inner teeth. Etymology. The name ‘ obscurata ’ is of Latin origin meaning ‘darkened’ referring to darkened cross-vein, to be treated as adjective. Description Male imago (n = 1). Total length 1.62 mm. Wing length from arculus 1.16 mm, width 0.33 mm, L/ W 3.5. Total length / WL 1.39. WL / Length of forefemur 2.44. Colouration. Head brown. Antenna pale brown, maxillary palp light brown. Thorax brown, vittae dark, antepronotum dark, wings uniform pale except, dark brown cross vein, legs pale brown, abdomen entirely pale brown. Hypopygium brown. Head. Eyes bare, dorsomedian extension 73.6 µm. Apical seta of antenna (Fig. 3B) 34.5 µm, AR 1.46. Temporal setae 9, uniserial. Clypeus with 28 setae. Length of palpomeres I-V (µm): 27.6: 34.5: 110.4: 115: 128.8. CA 0.66. CP 0.97. Thorax. Scutal tubercle and pit absent. Antepronotum with 2 lateral setae; acrostichals 32, irregularly biserial; dorsocentrals 19 each side, biserial anteriorly and uniserial posteriorly; prealars 5; scutellars 9. Wing (Fig. 3A). Wing membrane with dense macrotrichia; squama with 14 setae; brachiolum with 2 setae; vein lengths (µm): C 980, Sc 475, R 1 375, R 4+5 550, M 1+2 700, R 4+5 ending long before M 1+2, anal lobe round, poorly developed; CR 0.84; VR 0.86. Legs. Tibial spurs as in Fig. 3C. Ti I spur 39.1 µm long; Ti II spur 41.4 µm long; Ti III spur 52.9 µm long; hind tibial comb with 6 setae. Length (µm) and proportions of leg segments as in Table 3. Abdomen. T IX with 2 dorsolateral setae on each side. Hypopygium (Fig. 3D). Anal point conical in shape with broad base. Gonocoxite 135 µm long, 51 µm wide, L/ W 2.64. Gonostylus simple, curved inwardly, 64.4 µm long, basal width 18.4 µm, Gs/ Gc 0.75. Megaseta 13.8 µm long. Phallapodeme 48.3 µm long; HR 2; HV 2.53. Pupa (n = 1) Colouration. Exuviae pale yellow without apparent pattern. Total length. 2.58 mm. Cephalothorax. Frontal apotome triangular. Wing sheath 968 µm long. Thoracic horn (Fig. 4A) tubular, 285 µm long, 46.7 µm broad without apical spine, surface with scattered broad–based spinules, ThR 6.1, plastron plate egg-shaped, 142 µm long, 84 µm wide occupying 0.38 length of horn; respiratory atrium tubular, about a third of the width of Th, walls thick with narrow duct-like lumen, basal lobe reduced. Dc 1 112 µm long, Dc 2 111 µm long and Sa 86 µm long. Abdomen (Figs. 4b–c). Scar on tergite I 128 µm long, elongate and without pigmentation. Tergites I –VIII without shagreen, 4 LS setae on tergite VII located at 0.27, 0.47, 0.62 and 0.91 respectively from anterior margin; tergite VIII with 5 LS setae located 0.36, 0.50, 0.73, 0.87 and 0.98 respectively from anterior margin. Anal lobe 320 µm long, 265 µm wide; L/ W 1.2, outer margin with 6 spinules, male genital sacs 351 µm long, 187 µm wide, not extending beyond apices of anal lobes, G/F 1.09, L/ W 2.70. Fourth instar larva (n = 1) Total length 3.2 mm. Colouration. Pale yellow. Head. Cephalic index 0.49. Antenna (Fig. 5A). AR 3.54; length of antennal segments I–IV (µm): 253, 59.8, 4.6, 6.9; ring organ situated 0.54 from base; blade 55 µm long, accessory blade 51 µm long. Mandible (Fig 5B.). 69 µm long; apical tooth 23 µm long, basal tooth 16.1 µm long; A1/MD 3.67. Maxilla (Fig 5C.). Basal segment 32.2 µm long; ring organ situated 0.46 from base. Mentum and M appendage (Fig. 5D). Two small dorsomental teeth reduced, 4 µm long, on each side of base. Pseudoradula 69 µm long with distally coarser granulation. Ligula (Fig. 5E). 54 µm long, with 5 subequal teeth forming slightly concave margin; paraligula 34.5 µm long, bifid. Pecten hypopharyngis with 4 teeth. Cephalic chaetotaxy (Fig. 5F). Dorsal seta. S7 and S8 closely placed each other and along with S5 formed acute angle. Ventral seta. VP and SSm directly medial; S 10 further anterolateral; S 9 even further anteromedial. Body. Anal tubules cylindrical, 94.3 µm long, 25.3 µm wide; supra-anal setae 264.5 µm long. Procercus 88 µm long and 33 µm wide with 7 apical setae. Length of sub basal setae of posterior parapod 128 µm. total number of setae 4; 2 long claws each with 4 and 2 inner teeth, short claw one with 2 inner teeth and another strongly curved claw with 4 inner teeth (Fig. 5G). Remarks A comparison among M. mongpuense, M. recta, M. adeliae, M. macunaima, M. edentata and M. obscurata sp. n, is given in Table 2 and Table 4. Distribution and bionomics. M. obscurata is so far known only from India. Suntaleykhola is a dense forested area with temperate climate, occupying the eastern fringes of the Himalayan foothills. The larva was collected from a marshy area at the bank of a small stream.Published as part of Mondal, Debarshi, Mukherjee, Tuhar & Hazra, Niladri, 2022, TWO NEW SPECIES OF MONOPELOPIA FITTKAU, 1962 FROM FORESTS IN INDIA ALONG WITH A KEY TO ADULT MALES OF ORIENTAL AND PALEARCTIC SPECIES (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) Abstract, pp. 32-42 in CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research 35 (35) on pages 35-41, DOI: 10.5324/cjcr.v0i35.4599, http://zenodo.org/record/798745
Monopelopia (Monopelopia) recta Mondal & Mukherjee & Hazra 2022, sp. n.
No full textMonopelopia (Monopelopia) recta sp. n. https://zoobank.org/3E037AAF-2981-42A3- A04C-959B52B4752C Type Material. Holotype male, labelled ‘ Monopelopia recta sp. n. Mondal, Mukherjee and Hazra., India, West Bengal, Matha (23.11, 86.06), 03.VII.2019, Coll. D. Mondal’. Paratypes 3 males, same data as holotype. GenBank accession number: MW168820. Diagnosis. AR 1.78–1.81 (1.81); squamal setae 15–17 (17); wing with macrotrichia on the distal portion; abdominal tergites I–V with broad anterior bands, T VI–VIII brown; 4–5 stout setae on second palpomere; fore, mid, and hind tibial spurs each with 3 lateral teeth, hind tibial comb with 8 setae; anal point short and conical; gonocoxite bearing with 3 strong dorsomedial setae in a uniform row; T IX with 2 dorsolateral setae on each side. Etymology. The name ‘ recta ’ is of Latin origin meaning ‘straight’ referring to inner side of gonocoxite bearing 3 strong basal setae in a straight row. Description Male imago (n = 4). Total length 1.92–1.99 (1.98) mm. Colouration. Head brown. Antenna pale brown, maxillary palp light brown. Thorax dark, vittae pale, antepronotum dark, wing membrane pale, cross vein dark brown, legs pale brown, T I–V of abdomen (Fig. 1D), with dark anterior bands, T VI–VIII brown. Hypopygium brown, megaseta dark. Head. Eyes with dorsomedial extension 62–66 (62) µm. Antenna with strong preapical seta (Fig. 1A); number of flagellomeres 14, AR 1.78–1.81 (1.81). Temporal setae uniserial, 10–12, postorbitals 2–3. Clypeus with 17–19 (18) setae. Length of palpomeres I–V (µm): 22–27 (23): 28–35 (30): 98–104 (102): 100–108 (104): 116–128 (119); second palpomere with 4–5 long pale setae. CA 0.66–0.70 (0.70). CP 1.29–1.34 (1.32). Thorax. Scutal tubercle absent. Antepronotum with 3–4 (4) lateral setae; acrostichals 26–28 (26), irregularly biserial; humerals 8; dorsocentrals 15–18 (15) on each side, uniserial in middle and biserial distally; prealars 5–6; scutellars 9–10 (9). Wing (Fig. 1B). Wing length from arculus 1.15– 1.18 (1.18) mm, width 0.39–0.42 (0.40) mm, L/ W 2.89 –2.98 (2.95). Total length/WL 1.67–1.72 (1.68). WL/ length of forefemur 2.12–2.19 (2.15). Wing membrane with macrotrichia on distal portion; squama with 15–17 (17) setae; brachiolum with 2 setae; vein lengths (µm): C 1045–1055 (1050), Sc 568–577 (575), R 1 445–453 (450), R 2 +3 absent, R 4 +5 646–652 (650), M 1+2 794–807 (800); anal lobe well developed, angular; CR 0.86–0.89 (0.89); VR 0.86–0.88 (0.88). Legs (Fig. 1C). Fore tibial spur 43–48 (46) µm long bearing 3 lateral teeth; spurs of mid tibia 47– 52 (52) µm long bearing 3 lateral teeth; spurs of hind tibia 58–65 (64) µm long, with 3 lateral teeth [not visible in Fig. 1C]. Hind tibial comb with 8 setae. Lengths and proportions of leg segments as in table 1. Abdomen. T IX with 2 dorsolateral setae on each side (Fig. 1E). Abdominal banding pattern as in Fig. 1D. Hypopygium (Fig. 1E). Anal point short and conical. Gonocoxite cylindrical, 138–145 (140) µm long, 67–70 (69) µm wide, 2.02 × as long as broad, 3-setal row. Gonostylus simple, slightly curved inwardly, 60–84 (72) µm long, basal width 26–28 (28) µm, Gs/Gc 0.67. Megaseta 9–11 (11) µm long. Phallapodeme 19–22 (21) µm long. HR 1.50–1.72 (1.69); HV 2.70–2.86 (2.83). Remarks Some distinguishing male characters of Monopelopia (Monopelopia) recta sp. n. are compared with eight morphologically similar species in Table 2. The submitted sequences have shown 8.6 % divergence with the closest sequences in GenBank of NCBI (Fig. 2). Distribution and bionomics. Monopelopia recta is so far known only from India. Matha is a dense forested area with deciduous vegetation occupying the eastern fringes of the Chota Nagpur plateau. There are small streams within the forests and trees with tree holes containing water at the time of collection. The species was collected from light traps set from dusk to dawn using incandescent bulb.Published as part of Mondal, Debarshi, Mukherjee, Tuhar & Hazra, Niladri, 2022, TWO NEW SPECIES OF MONOPELOPIA FITTKAU, 1962 FROM FORESTS IN INDIA ALONG WITH A KEY TO ADULT MALES OF ORIENTAL AND PALEARCTIC SPECIES (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) Abstract, pp. 32-42 in CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research 35 (35) on pages 32-33, DOI: 10.5324/cjcr.v0i35.4599, http://zenodo.org/record/798745
Zavrelimyia (Paramerina) falcata Mondal & Mukherjee & Hazra 2022, sp. n.
No full textZavrelimyia (Paramerina) falcata sp. n. GenBank accession number: MT106670 Figures 1A–E urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B45C85B5-71B7-40E4-9192-EFC9B62284A3 Type Material. Holotype male, INDIA: West Bengal, Kalimpong (27°3’N, 88°28’E), 07.VIII.2019, light trap, Coll. D. Mondal. Paratypes 4 males, data as holotype; 2 males, as holotype except 10.VIII.2019, Coll. T. Mukherjee’. Etymology. From Latin ‘ falcata ’, referring to the sickle-shaped megaseta on the gonostylus. Diagnosis. The male adult of the new species is distinguished from the species of the subgenus Paramerina by the following combination of characters: T II–VIII banded, foretibial spur elongate, posterior margin of T IX with transverse row of setae, gonocoxite bulbous in shape, gonostylus robust with strongly curved, sickle-shaped megaseta. Description. Male imago (n= 5). Total length 2.30–2.36 (2.30) mm. Wing length 1.52–1.57 (1.55) mm, width 0.39–0.42 (0.40) mm. L/W 3.76–3.89 (3.87). Total length / wing length 1.46–1.51 (1.48). Colouration. Head dark brown, with maxillary palp light brown and antenna pale brown. Thorax brown, with scutal vittae dark brown. Wing with cross vein pale. Gonocoxite brown; gonostylus brown, with darkened megaseta. Head. Antenna (Figure 1A) with strong apical seta, AR 1.45–1.47 (1.47). Temporal setae biserial, consisting of 8–10 IV, 3–5 OV, and 2–3 Po. Frontal setae 3–5 in number. Eyes bare, with dorsomedian extension 110–130 (130) µm long. Clypeus with 20–25 (23) setae. Length of palpomeres I–V (µm): 62–65 (65), 69–75 (72), 132–148 (143), 155–174 (156), 212–228 (228). CA 0.46–0.49 (0.49), CP 0.75–0.79 (0.78). Thorax. Antepronotum with 5–7 (6) lateral setae. Scutal tubercle absent. Acrostichals 28, irregularly biserial; dorsocentrals 24–28 (26), biserial; scutellars 11–12 (12). Wing (Figure 1B). Wing membrane with dense macrotrichia. Squama with 9–12 (9) setae. Brachiolum with 2 setae. Costa not produced. R 2 very short, R 3 short and apically fading out. Anal lobe moderately developed. CR 0.86–0.89 (0.87), VR 0.85–0.87 (0.85). Legs (Figure 1C). Fore-tibial spur 59–62 (62) µm long, bearing 4 lateral teeth; spurs of mid tibia 32–36 (32) µm and 68–72 (69) µm long, bearing 2 and 4 lateral teeth respectively; spur of hind tibia 29–33 (30) µm and 72–76 (74) µm long, with 2 and 3 lateral teeth respectively. Hind tibial comb bearing 4–5 (4) bristles. Lengths (µm) and proportions of leg segments as in Table 1. Abdomen (Figure 1D). Abdominal segments banded. T IX with 5 posterior setae in irregular row. Hypopygium (Figure 1E). Anal point small, conical. Gonocoxite bulbous, 107–120 (110) µm long, 65–67 (65) µm wide, 1.69 times as long as broad; inner border of basal 1/3 with dense field of short setae. Gonostylus robust, 75–97 (76) µm long, 0.67 times as long as gonocoxite with megaseta sickle-shaped, 9–10 (9) µm long. Phallapodeme 104–107 (106) µm long extending occupying 1.04 of gonocoxite; sternapodeme 51–53 (53) µm long. HR 1.41–1.50 (1.44); HV 2.90–3.10 (3.02). Remarks. The adult male is similar to that of Indian species Zavrelimyia (Paramerina) clara (Hazra, Saha, Mazumdar and Chaudhuri, 2011) in having the similar characters of abdominal punctation, LR I and CR. The new species has higher AR, and HV than Z. (P.) clara. The distribution of setae in posterior border of TIX is also different. The new species appears alike to Zavrelimyia (Paramerina) divisa (Walker, 1856) and Zavrelimyia (Paramerina) dolosa (Johannsen, 1932) having the similar character of costa, which is not produced but disagrees in abdominal colouration. It is close to another Indian species Zavrelimyia (Paramerina) quininficia (Chaudhuri and Debnath, 1985) in AR but has higher values of CR and HR. Shape of the gonocoxite and gonostylus also differ between the two species. The robust gonostylus of Z. (P.) falcata sp.n. is unique among the species of the subgenus. The combination of characters stated in the diagnosis justifies it to be a new member of the genus. The submitted sequences have shown 93.16 % similarity with LC 462314 in GenBank of NCBI (Figure 2). Distribution and bionomics. So far, the species has been found only in the type locality. The imagines were collected from meadow grasslands in Kalimpong, using a light trap. The altitude is 1247 meters above mean sea level. The temperature ranges from 23°C to 28°C at the beginning of August.Published as part of Mondal, Debarshi, Mukherjee, Tuhar & Hazra, Niladri, 2022, On a new species of the genus Zavrelimyia Fittkau, 1962 (Diptera: Chironomidae) from India with cladistic relationship and a world key to the known males, pp. 365-379 in Zootaxa 5154 (3) on pages 367-369, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/664484
Bongotarsonemus bicornus Mondal & Karmakar 2021, sp. nov.
No full textBongotarsonemus bicornus sp. nov. (Figs. 14–19; 28–31) Diagnosis. Prodorsal shield of the adult female is distinctive in having setae v1 each set on a prominently raised tubercle which extends posteriorly up to stigmatal opening; a pair of triangular anterior prodorsal horns between bases of setal pair v1; several elevated striae extending anteriorly up to base of horns and posteriorly to level of insertion of sc2. Dorsal setae c1, c2, d and e subequal in length; setae f nearly twice longer than those, located posterolaterad setae e. Ventral setae 3a thrice the length of 3b. Tarsus I with tc’’ as long as tc’ and tarsus III with tc’ nearly one fourth the length of tc’’. Tarsus II with solenidion ω baciliform, twice as long as pl’’. Adult female (8 specimens measured). Gnathosoma: subtriangular, well sclerotized, length 29 (26–30), maximum width 25 (25–27). Seta dgs 14 (12– 15), sparsely barbed and vgs 7 (6–8), smooth; seta pp indiscernible. Palpus short with 2 small subterminal setae and two dentate structures apically. Pharynx fusiform, 20 (17–20) long, two third length of gnathosoma and 9 (8–11) wide at widest level, near about one third the width of gnathosomal capsule. Dorsal apodeme short with visible sclerotization of gnathosomal capsule both basally and laterally. Gnathosoma faintly punctate both dorsally and ventrally. Idiosoma (Figs.14, 15): length 214 (203–219), maximum width 107 (102–119) at the level of c1. Dorsum: Prodorsal shield covering entire gnathosoma with hood shaped extension anteriorly and nearly straight posterior margin. Stigma located on lateral margin of prodorsal shield, slightly closer to bases of sc1 than v1. Bothridial seta sc1 globose and spiny, located ventrolaterally closer to base of sc 2 than to base of v1. Setae v2 vestigial, only pits are visible. Setae v1 set on a prominently raised tubercle which extend posteriorly at least up to stigmatal opening delimiting an anteriorly raised medial section of prodorsum. A pair of anterior prodorsal horns 4 (3–5) long between bases of setal pair v1. Raised section of prodorsal shield with several elevated strial thickenings; extending anteriorly up to base of horns and posteriorly up to level of insertion of sc2. Dorsal plates coarsely punctate and margins perpendicularly striate. Length of setae: v1 28 (25–29), sc1 13 (12–15), sc2 23 (21–26), c1 12 (10–13), c2 13 (12–14), d 13 (11–14), e 11 (9–13), f 22 (19–23), h 9 (7–10). All dorsal setae coarsely barbed; setae sc2, c1, c2, d, e and f blunt ended, others narrowly pointed apically. Distances between setae: v1–v1 17 (16–19), sc2–sc2 55 (50–56), v1–sc2 57 (53–58), c1–c1 51 (48–52) c2–c2 98 (96–103), c1–c2 27 (25–31), d–d 34 (32–37), f–f 21 (19–23), e–f 26 (22–27), h–h 29 (28–31). Venter: coxisternal setae 1a 11 (9–12), near middle of apodemes 1 and at level of point of fusion of apodemes 1 and prosternal apodeme; 2a 14 (8–10) submediad apodemes 2; 3a 21 (7–10) near anterior end of apodemes 3; 3b 7 (5–7) near posterior end of apodemes 4; all setae smooth. Apodemes 1 conspicuous, converging posteriorly to prominently fuse with anterior end of prosternal apodeme forming a ‘Y’ shape.Apodemes 2 long, diffusely meet prosternal apodeme at proximal part. Prosternal apodeme conspicuous only upto level of anterior end of apodemes 2; diffused and widened afterwards to meet with sejugal apodeme. The latter conspicuous, laterally curved and widely separated medially. Apodemes 3 extending diagonally from anterior end of trochanters III to about longitudinal level of insertion of 3a with proximal end diffused and widened; apodemes 4 diffused proximally and medially, inconspicuously meet the anterior region of poststernal apodeme from which it extends diagonally up to base of setae 3b. Poststernal apodeme straight, mostly conspicuous but weakly bifurcate anteriorly. Coxisternal plates coarsely punctate; anterior margin of fused coxisternal plates III and IV convex. Tegula tongue shaped, 12 (11–14) long and 15 (14–16) wide at the level of lower margin of trochanter IV. Seta ps slender 12 (9–13), smooth. Legs (Figs. 16–19): lengths (base of femur to apex of tarsus): leg I 52 (48–55), leg II 52 (49–53), leg III 62 (59– 66), leg IV 40 (37–43). Number of setae (solenidia in parentheses) on femur, genu, tibia and tarsus, respectively: leg I: 4-4-6(2)+8(1), leg II: 3-3-4-7(1), leg III: 1+3-4-5, leg IV: 1+1-1+1. Tibiotarsus I with solenidion ω 5 (4–6) long, stout and clavate; pv’’ 15 (14-17) slightly longer than pv’ 11 (10-13), both attenuated; tc’’ as long as tc’ 17 (15-18). Sensory cluster of tibia I complete, solenidion φ1 3, clavate; solenidion φ2 3, stout, capitate; famulus k 4 (4–5), inserted slightly proximal to φ1. Seta d of tibia I 48 (46–51) long, serrate, more than twice the length of tibiotarsus I; seta s of tarsus I 3 (2–3) long, stout, spine like. Seta l’ on genu I 12 (11-14), somewhat thickened and barbed; l’ on femur I 14 (12-16), plumose; v’’ 20 (17-22), attenuated and sparsely barbed. Claw of leg I fish-hook shaped 7 (6-8) long. Solenidion ω of tarsus II proximal, 7 (6–8) long, stout, baciliform; seta pl” spine like, 3 long, inserted at the same level with ω; tc’’ 31 (30–34) nearly twice longer than tc’ 14 (13–16), tc’’ smooth, tc’ sparsely barbed. Seta d of tibia II 15(13–17) long, serrate. Setae l’ on both femur and genu II somewhat thickened and sparsely barbed. Both u’ and u’’ present on tarsus II and III; u’ on both tarsus 5 (4–6) long stout, spine like; u’’ setiform. Seta tc’’ 33 (31–36) nearly four times longer than tc’ 8 (8–10), both sparsely barbed.Femorogenu IV 27 (25–29); tibiotarsus IV 11 (9–13). Lengths of setae of leg IV: v’ F 15 (13–17), v’ G 17 (14–19), v’ Ti 24 (21–26) and tc” 39 (36–42); v’ Ti thickened and serrate. Adult male. Unknown Larva. Unknown. Type material. Holotype female (Acarol.lab/ BCKV/30905 /2021) (submitted to NZC, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata); 9 paratype females (Acarol.lab/ BCKV/30906-9 /2020), from leaves of Arthromeris wallichiana Rock Garden, Darjeeling (27°01’32”N; 88°14’16”E), State of West Bengal, 12/II/2021, coll. P. Mondal & K. Karmakar. Etymology. The species name bicornus is derived from two Latin words viz. ‘ bi ’ meaning two and ‘ cornu ’ meaning horn like projection referring the pair of sclerotized anterior prodorsal horns characteristic of this species. Remarks. Bongotarsonemus bicornus sp. nov. females were collected from sporangia on the leaflets of a mountain fern, Arthromeris wallichiana. The colony of mites was found aggregated within the sporangia but surprisingly no males or larvae were recovered from these colonies despite presence of a good number of females. Direct feeding on fern spores was not observed. The host species is sparsely distributed in the Darjeeling and Sikkim hills of India and used by the locals as vegetables especially the fronds, and the rhizomes are used in ethnomedicine. Prior to this the monobasic genus Eotarsonemus De Leon, 1966 and 3 other species of tarsonemid mite, Hemitarsonemus tepidariorum (Warburton, 1904), H. ganeo Magowski, 2012 and Dendroptus (Hemidendroptus) hellulo Magowski 2011, were reported from ferns (Lindquist, 1986; Magowski, 2012).Published as part of Mondal, Priyankar & Karmakar, Krishna, 2021, A new genus Bongotarsonemus with two new species of tarsonemid (Acari: Heterostigmata) mites discovered from the Himalayan forests of West Bengal, India, pp. 575-591 in Zootaxa 5072 (6) on pages 585-590, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.6.5, http://zenodo.org/record/575167
Metatarsonemus badurkani Karmakar & Mondal 2021, sp. nov.
No full textMetatarsonemus badurkani Karmakar & Mondal sp. nov. (Figs.1–12; 30–34) Diagnosis: Adult of both sexes: Sensory cluster on tibia I incomplete, missing ϕ1. Setae pl” absent on tarsus II. Female: Setae v1 usually shorter than setae sc 2 in length; setae c2 slightly shorter or subequal to c1. Ventral surface of podosoma with a conjunct of several fissures: a pair of angulate fissures near base of coxisternal setae 1a; a pair of curved fissures anterolaterad to the bases of coxisternal setae 2a, in part parallel with apodeme 2; a pair of Y-shaped fissures near bases of coxisternal setae 3b, in part superimposed over apodeme 4; and a small subcircular unpaired fissure at posterior end of poststernal apodeme; tc” more than two times longer than v’Ti on leg IV, both setae smooth; apodeme 3 with proximal end shaped as crescent moon. Male: Setae v1 shorter than sc1 and sc2; setae c1 and c2 of a similar length, d slightly shorter; apodeme 5 conspicuous; solenidion ω much larger and more swollen on tarsus II than on tarsus I, approximately 2 times longer than greatest width of tarsus II; tibial tactile setae not longer than femorogenu on leg IV; l’G, v’G and v’Ti serrate. Adult female (10 specimens measured). Gnathosoma: subcircular, length 28 (27–30), maximum width 26 (27–31). Seta dgs 9 (9–10) and vgs 5 (4–5), both smooth; seta pp absent. Palpus short with 2 small subterminal setae and few dentate structures apically. Pharynx fusiform, 19 (17–20) long and 7 (6–8) wide at widest level, almost one third width of gnathosomal capsule. Idiosoma (Figs.1, 2): length 183 (180–190), maximum width 114 (111–125) at level of c1. Dorsum: Prodorsal shield covering entire gnathosoma with two small acute “bat ear” shaped projections apically and a convex posterior margin. Stigma located on lateral margin of prodorsal shield, slightly closer to bases of v1 than sc1. Bothridial seta sc1 globose and spiny, located ventrolaterally closer to base of sc 2 than v1. Dorsal plates with margins perpendicularly striate. Length of setae: v1 22 (19–24), sc1 11 (10–13), sc2 25 (22–27), c1 20 (20–23), c2 18 (16–19), d 16 (14–16), e 9 (7–9), f 16 (14–17), h 11 (10–12). All setae slender and serrated except sc2. Distances between setae: v1–v1 25 (23–26), sc2–sc2 51 (49–52), v1–sc2 26 (25–27), c1–c1 47 (45–50) c2–c2 74 (71–76), c1–c2 32 (30–34), d–d 31 (28–32), f–f 18 (17–21), e–f 8 (6–9), h–h 24 (22–26). Dorsal plates ornamented with tiny punctations. Venter: coxisternal setae 1a 6 (5–6), near middle of apodemes 1 and at level of point of fusion of apodemes 1 and prosternal apodeme; 2a 13 (13–14) close to distal end of apodemes 2; 3a 17 (16–18) near anterior end of apodemes 3; 3b 10 (9–10) near posterior end of apodemes 4; all setae smooth; setae 1b and 2b vestigial, only pits visible. Apodemes 1 conspicuous with angular projections at base of gnathosoma, widened diagonally, converging posteriorly to fuse with anterior end of prosternal apodeme.Apodemes 2 short, not fused with prosternal apodeme. The latter conspicuous from point of fusion with apodemes 1 with two subsequent nodes in region between apodemes 1 and apodemes 2, interrupted just after level of proximal end of apodemes 2, diffuse and widened from this point before meeting convex sejugal apodeme. Sejugal apodeme conspicuous through entire length. Apodemes 3 extending diagonally from anterior end of trochanter III to about longitudinal level of insertion of 3a with proximal end crescent moon shaped; apodemes 4 conspicuously united to middle region of poststernal apodeme from which it extends diagonally up to base of seta 3b. Poststernal apodeme conspicuous with two medial nodes at equidistance from both ends, bifurcate anteriorly. Coxisternal plates smooth. A pair of angulate fissures near base of coxisternal setae 1a; a pair of curved fissures 15–16 long anterolaterad bases of coxisternal setae 2a, in part parallel with apodemes 2; a pair of Y-shaped fissures 24–26 long near bases of coxisternal setae 3b, in part superimposed over apodeme 4; a small subcircular unpaired fissure 2 long at posterior end of poststernal apodeme. Tegula 9 (8–10) long and 13 (12–14) wide at level of lower margin of coxa 4; posterior margin rounded, resembles a vase with raised and rounded edge. With a pair of ridges 8–9 long flanking near about middle of tegula from both sides. Seta ps slender 7 (7–8), serrate. Legs (Figs. 3–6): lengths (femur to tarsus): leg I 51 (48–55), leg II 44 (42–49), leg III 44 (43–52), leg IV 38 (36– 40). Number of setae (solenidia in parentheses) on femur, genu, tibia and tarsus, respectively: leg I: 4-4-6(1)+8(1), leg II: 3-3-4-5(1), leg III: 1+3-4-5, leg IV: 1+1-1+1. Solenidion ω of tibiotarsus I 5 (5–6) long, stout and clavate. Sensory cluster of tibia I incomplete, solenidion φ1 missing; solenidion φ2 2, stout, capitate; famulus k 3, inserted at same level. Seta d of tibia I 28 (26–30) long, smooth. Solenidion ω of tarsus II proximal, 5 (4–5) long, stout, clavate; seta pl” absent. Seta d of tibia II 9 (9–11) long, smooth. Femur I and II with ventral flanges. Femorogenu IV 25 (24–28); tibiotarsus IV 13 (10–15). Lengths of setae of leg IV: v’F 9 (8–10), v’G 14 (13–15), v’Ti 28 (26–29) and tc” 60 (57–65); all setae smooth. Adult male (5 specimens measured). Gnathosoma: subcircular, length 24 (22–26), maximum width 22 (22–25). Setae dgs 9 (8–10) and seta vgs 6 (6–7), both smooth; seta pp absent. Palpus short with 2 small subterminal setae and few dentate structures apically. Pharynx fusiform, 15 (16–18) long and 6 (6–7) wide at widest region, near about one third width of gnathosomal capsule. Idiosoma (Figs.7, 8): length 127 (123–135), maximum width 78 (75–83). Dorsum: Prodorsal shield trapezoidal, anterior margin convex. Length of setae: v1 22 (20–22), v2 21 (20–23), sc1 31 (28–32), sc2 24 (23–25), c1 26 (24– 27), c2 26 (25–27), d 25 (25–26), f 24 (23–24). All setae setiform, thickened and serrate. Distances between setae: v1–v1 12 (11–13), v2–v2 23 (21–24), v1–v2 11 (10–13), sc1–sc1 27 (25–30), sc2–sc2 37 (36–41), sc1–sc2 5 (5–6) v2–sc2 12 (10–13), c1–c1 64 (60–66), c 2 –c 2 72 (69–75), c1–c2 30 (28–32), d–d 40 (37–42), f–f 22 (20–24). Seta c1 closer to d than c2. Dorsal plates ornamented with tiny punctations. Venter: coxisternal setae 1a 5 (4–6) long, near middle of apodemes 1 and at level of point of fusion of apodemes 1 and prosternal apodeme; 2a 9 (8–10) located near centre of upper half of coxisternal plate 2; 3a 22 (21–23), near anterior end of apodemes 3; 3b 18 (16–19), near anterior end of distal half of apodemes 4; all setae smooth; setae 1b and 2b vestigial, only pits visible. Apodemes 1 conspicuous, converging posteriorly to fuse with anterior end of prosternal apodeme. The latter interrupted in region where it would fuse with apodemes 2, continuing behind for a short distance to narrowly fuse with sejugal apodeme. The latter is conspicuous, almost straight and uninterrupted throughout. Apodemes 3, 4, and poststernal apodeme conspicuous, connected to each other anteriorly by transversal lines, which together make a slightly concave shape anteriorly. Apodeme 5 split conspicuously at the level of setae 3b and extends posteriorly to distal end of coxisternal plates 4. Coxisternal plates 1–4 with faint to coarse punctations. Legs (Figs. 9–12): length (femur to tarsus): leg I 48 (47–53), leg II 46 (43–50), leg III 48 (46–53), leg IV 55 (52–59). Number of setae (solenidia in parentheses) on femur, genu, tibia and tarsus: leg I: 4-4-6(1)-9(1), leg II: 3- 3-4-5(1), leg III: 1-3-4-5, leg IV: 1-3-1(1)-3 Solenidion ω of tarsus I 4 (4–5), stout, clavate. Sensory cluster of tibia I incomplete, solenidion φ1 absent; solenidion φ2 2 clavate; famulus k 3 (2–3) rod like, inserted in transverse line with φ2. Seta d of tibia I 24 (20–25), smooth. Solenidion ω of tarsus II proximal, 10 (9–11) long, stout, wider mediad. Seta d of tibia II 12 (11–13), smooth. Seta v’ of trochanter IV 10 (9–11), smooth; femorogenu IV, 38 (36–42) long and 20 (18–22) wide at v’F level, without flange, posterior margin convex and anterior margin slightly concave at distal third. Setae v’F 7 (6–18), smooth; v’G 16 (15–18), l”G 17 (16–21) serrate; tibia IV 14 (12–17), solenidion φ 7 (6–8), bacilliform, v’Ti 30 (29–35), serrate; tarsus IV 4 (4–5), tc” 3, pv” 5 (5–6) and u’ 6 (5–7). Claw well developed, stout, unciform, 9 (8–11) long, 3 (3–4) wide basally. Differential diagnosis: This new species is most similar to Metatarsonemus megasolenidii Lofego & Ochoa, 2005 having an incomplete sensory cluster on tibia I, pl” absent on tarsus II, coxisternal fissures next to 3b posteriorly bifurcate, small subcircular fissure on posterior end of poststernal apodeme and the male with solenidion on tarsus II long (more than 10 μm). Females of these two species differ by the shape and size of tergite D (more than 60 long with uniformly convex posterior margin in M. badurkani vs less than 50 long with convex posterior margin medially in M. megasolenidii), length of ventral setae 3a (16-18 vs 8-15), anterior end of apodemes 3 (crescent moon in M. badurkani vs blunt in M. megasolenidii), texture of leg setae on femur genu and tibia I (all smooth in M. badurkani vs presence of few barbed setae in M. megasolenidii), texture of seta v’Ti and tc” on leg IV (smooth in M. badurkani vs serrate in M. megasolenidii), length of tc” (57–65 in M. badurkani vs 24–30 in M. megasolenidii). Males of M. badurkani differ from M. megasolenidii by longer prodorsal setae v2 (20–23 vs 12–15), sc1 (28–32 vs 18–23), c1 (21–27 vs 14–22) and f (23–24 vs 11–16), longer ventral seta 3a (21–23 vs 11–16) and 3b (16–19 vs 10–14), division of apodeme 5 (split conspicuously at the level of setae 3b in M. badurkani vs split slightly at the end of coxisternal plates 4 in M. megasolenidii). Type material: Holotype female, male; 8 paratype females and 5 paratype males, from leaves of Ziziphus jujubae and Piper betle, Maslandapur (22°50’52”N; 88°45’31”E; 9m MSL), State of West Bengal, 01/II/2020, P. Mondal; 6 paratype female and 2 paratype males, from leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa, Jaguli (22°55’46”N; 88°32’57”E; 8m MSL), State of West Bengal, 10/IV/2020, K. Karmakar. Etymology: The specific epithet badurkani derived from the Bengali words Badur meaning bat (Chiroptera) and kan meaning ear which together refers to the bat-ear like angular projections (fig. 32) of the anterior prodorsal shield.Published as part of Mondal, Priyankar & Karmakar, Krishna, 2021, First record of Metatarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from India with description of two new species, pp. 229-251 in Zootaxa 4942 (2) on pages 230-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4942.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/460051
Metatarsonemus shirishi Karmakar & Mondal 2021, sp. nov.
No full textMetatarsonemus shirishi Karmakar & Mondal sp. nov. (Figs.13–29; 35–39) Diagnosis. Adult of both sexes: Sensory cluster on tibia I incomplete, missing ϕ1. Setae pl” absent on tarsus II. Female: setae v1 shorter than setae sc2; setae c1 slightly shorter than setae c2. Ventral surface of podosoma with fissures in two regions: a short triangular fissure laterad bases of seta 1a and 2a; a small subcircular unpaired fissure at posterior end of poststernal apodeme and a pair of angulate fissures at base of seta 3b; tegula short, wider than long. Male: setae v1 slightly shorter than setae sc2; setae c2 longer than c1 and d. Apodeme 5 present. Solenidion ω larger and more swollen on tarsus II than on tarsus I, approximately two times longer than basal width of tarsus II; leg IV with tibial tactile setae not longer than femorogenu. Adult female ( 8 specimens measured). Gnathosoma: subcircular, length 24 (22–26), maximum width 22 (20–22). Seta dgs 10 (9–10) and vgs 6 (5–6), both smooth; seta pp absent. Palpus short with 2 small subterminal setae and few dentate structures apically. Pharynx fusiform, 16 (14–16) long and 7 (6–7) wide at widest level, near about one third width of gnathosomal capsule. Idiosoma (Figs.13, 14): length 185 (182–191), maximum width 111 (108–119) at level of c1. Dorsum: Prodorsal shield covering almost entire gnathosoma with a convex anterior and posterior margin. Stigma located on lateral margin of prodorsal shield, slightly closer to bases of v1 than sc1. Bothridial seta sc1 globose and spiny, located ventrolaterally, closer to base of sc2 than v1. Dorsal plates with margins perpendicularly striate. Length of setae: v1 19 (18–21), sc1 12 (12–13), sc2 33 (30–34), c1 23 (20–24), c2 18 (16–19), d 16 (15–17), e 11 (10–13), f 19 (17–20), h 13 (12–15). All setae setiform, seta sc2 thick and smooth, others serrated. Distances between setae: v1–v1 26 (24–27), sc2–sc2 50 (47–52), v1–sc2 23 (21–25), c1–c1 43 (41–48) c2–c2 75 (72–77), c1–c2 32 (30–34), d–d 35 (32–36), f–f 21 (18–21), e–f 12 (10–13), h–h 24 (22–26). Venter: coxisternal setae 1a 6 (6–7), near middle of apodemes 1 and just behind the point of fusion of apodemes 1 and prosternal apodeme; 2a 10 (10–11), close to mediad apodemes 2; 3a 18 (17–20), near anterior end of apodemes 3; 3b 10 (8–10), near posterior end of apodemes 4; all setae smooth; setae 1b and 2b vestigial, only pits visible. Apodemes 1 conspicuous with angular projections at base of gnathosoma, converging posteriorly with a medial bulge to faintly fuse with anterior end of prosternal apodeme.Apodemes 2 short with a medial node, not fused with prosternal apodeme. The latter diffused before meeting apodemes 1 but conspicuous beyond level of 1a, continuous with a median node up to level of proximal ends of apodemes 2, diffused and widened further from this point, extended up to sejugal apodeme. The latter convex, conspicuous throughout. Apodemes 3 extending diagonally from anterior end of trochanter III to about longitudinal level of insertion of 3a with proximal end foot like; apodemes 4 conspicuously united mediad poststernal apodeme from which it extends diagonally up to base of seta 3b. Poststernal apodeme conspicuous with two nodes, one anterior and one posterior to point of fusion with apodemes 4. Coxisternal plates with a set of fissures: a pair of triangular fissures, 5 (4–5) long, laterad bases of 1a and 2a; an unpaired subcircular fissure, 1 long, at posterior end of poststernal apodeme; and a pair of angulate fissures at base of seta 3b. All coxisternal plates smooth. Tegula nose shaped 3 (2–3) long and 14 (12–15) wide at level of lower margin of coxa IV; posterior margin rounded. A pair of ridges 6 long flanking tegula from both sides. Seta ps slender 7 (7–8), serrate. Legs (Figs.15–18): lengths (femur to tarsus): leg I 41 (39–46), leg II 38 (36–41), leg III 41 (38–43), leg IV 26 (25–30). Number of setae (solenidia in parentheses) on femur, genu, tibia and tarsus, respectively: leg I: 4-4- 6(1)+8(1), leg II: 3-3-4-5(1), leg III: 1+3-4-5, leg IV: 1+1-1+1. Solenidion ω of tibiotarsus I 3 long, stout and capitate. Sensory cluster of tibia I incomplete, solenidion φ1 missing; solenidion φ2 3, stout, clavate; famulus k 4 (3–4), inserted approximately at same level. Seta d of tibia I 20 (18–22) long, smooth. Solenidion ω of tarsus II proximal, 4 (4–5) long, stout, capitate; seta pl” absent. Seta d of femur II 6 (6–7) long, serrate; seta d of tibia II 8 (8-10) long, smooth. Femur I and II with ventral flanges. Femorogenu IV 18 (16–19); tibiotarsus IV 8 (7–10). Length of setae of leg IV: v’F 10 (9–10), v’G 16 (15–17), v’Ti 22 (21–24) and tc” 31 (28–34); all setae smooth. Adult male (4 specimens measured). Gnathosoma: subtriangular, length 20 (22–26), maximum width 19 (22–25). Setae dgs 9 (9–10) and seta vgs 7 (6–7), both smooth; seta pp absent. Palpus short with 2 small subterminal setae and few dentate structures apically. Pharynx fusiform, 14 (14–18) long and 6 (6–7) wide at widest region, almost equal to one third width of gnathosomal capsule. Idiosoma (Figs.19, 20): length 128 (125–137), maximum width 70 (68–73). Dorsum: Prodorsal shield trapezoidal. Length of setae: v1 18 (17–19), v2 15 (14–17), sc1 26 (25–27), sc2 21 (20–22), c1 16 (15–17), c2 21 (20–24), d 12 (10–12), f 13 (11–14). All setae setiform, thickened and serrate. Distances between setae: v1–v1 10 (8–10), v2–v2 19 (18–21), v1–v2 8 (8–10), sc1–sc1 26 (25–29), sc2–sc2 37 (34–40), sc1–sc2 8 (7–9) v2–sc2 16 (14–17), c1–c1 54 (52–56), c2–c2 63 (59–65), c1–c2 33 (30–34), d–d 29 (27–32), f–f 18 (16–20). Seta c1 closer to d than c2. Venter: coxisternal setae 1a 6 (6–7) long, located at longitudinal level mediad apodemes 1 and behind level of point of fusion of apodemes 1 and prosternal apodeme; 2a 9 (8–10) located below the anterior end of apodemes 2; 3a 14 (13–15), near anterior end of apodemes 3; 3b 12 (11–13), near anterior end of distal half of apodemes 4; all setae smooth; setae 1b and 2b vestigial, only pits visible. Apodemes 1 conspicuous, converging posteriorly to fuse with prosternal apodeme. The latter interrupted in region where it would meet with apodeme 2. Sejugal apodeme conspicuous, almost straight and uninterrupted throughout. Apodemes 3, 4, and poststernal apodeme conspicuous, connected to each other anteriorly by diffused convex lines. Apodeme 5 split conspicuously at the level posteriad setae 3b and extend posteriorly to distal end of coxisternal plates 4. Coxisternal plates 2 with tiny punctations at posterior half. Legs (Figs. 21–24): length (femur to tarsus): leg I 45 (47–53), leg II 37 (43–50), leg III 37 (46–53), leg IV 54 (52–59). Number of setae (solenidia in parentheses) on femur, genu, tibia and tarsus: leg I: 4-4-6(1)-9(1), leg II: 3- 3-4-5(1), leg III: 1-3-4-5, leg IV: 1-3-1(1)-3 Solenidion ω of tarsus I 4 (4–5), stout, clavate. Sensory cluster of tibia I incomplete, solenidion φ1 absent; solenidion φ2 2 clavate; famulus k 3 (2–3) rod like, inserted in transverse line with φ 2. Seta d of tibia I 12 (12–14), serrate. Solenidion ω of tarsus II proximal, 10 (9–12) long, stout, capitate, always bent posteriorly. Seta d of tibia II 9 (9–11), smooth. Seta v’ of trochanter IV 10 (9–11), smooth; femorogenu IV, 34 (32–39) long and 14 (13–17) wide at v’F level, without flange, posterior margin convex and anterior margin concave. Setae v’F 7 (6–18), smooth; v’G 20 (18–21), serrate; l’G 14 (14–16) smooth; tibia IV 17 (15–19), solenidion φ 4 (3–5), bacilliform, v’Ti 32 (30–35), serrate; tarsus IV 4 (4–5), tc” 4, pv” 3 and u’ 4. Claw well developed, stout, unciform, 14 (12–15) long, 8 (6–9) wide basally. Larva (3 specimens measured) (Figs. 25– 29; 39), Gnathosoma. Slightly longer than wide, length 23 (21–23), width 21 (19–22). Pharynx length 11 (8–11), width 6 (5–7). Setae dgs 10 (8–10) and vgs 4 (3–4), smooth. Idiosoma. Length 156 (145–159), width 79 (73–82). Prodorsal shield smooth, surrounded by striated cuticle. Setae v1 16 (13–17), sc1 13 (10–14), sc2 31 (28–33) and v2 vestigial, all setae setiform and smooth. Distance between setae v1–v1 10 (9–12), v2–v2 9 (7–9), sc1–sc1 31 (30–34), sc2–sc2 28 (28–32), v1–sc2 32 (31–37). Setae c1 16 (12–16), c2 15 (13–16), d 19 (17–20), e 18 (16–19), f 16 (15–18), h1 19 (17–19), h2 15 (14–18), all setae slightly barbed and setiform. Setae ps1 3 (2–3), ps2 7 (5–7), both fine and smooth. Distance between setae c1–c1 48 (45–50), c2–c2 59 (47–60), c1–c2 19 (17–24), d–d 24 (23–27), e–e 33 (30–35), e-f 10 (8–10), f–f 15 (14–18), h2–h2 23 (22–25). Coxisternal setae smooth, 1a 6 (4–7), 2a 8 (5–8), 3a 12 (12–14), 3b 9 (8–10); 1b and 2b vestigial, only pits visible. Distance between setae 1a–1a 11 (11–14), 2a–2a 22 (21–25), 3a–3a 24 (23–29), 3b–3b 27 (25–31). Longitudinal striae present between coxisternites III. Legs. Leg lengths (femoral base to tarsal tip): I 32 (24–33), II 31 (25–32), III 26 (23–35). Leg I with rudimentary claws; legs II–III with small claws. Setal counts for legs I–III (femur to tarsus): 4-4-6(1)-7(1), 3-3-4-5(1), 1-3- 4-5. All setae smooth. Differential diagnosis: This new species is most similar to Metatarsonemus caissara Lofego & Cavalcante, 2019 having an incomplete sensory cluster on tibia I, pl” absent on tarsus II, coxisternal plate 1 with a set of fissures, tegula wider than long and the male with tiny to coarse punctations on coxisternal plates. Females of M. shirishi differ from M. caissara having much longer dorsal seta sc2 (30–34 vs 16–17), c1 (23–24 vs 11), d (15–17 vs 11), f (17–20 vs 11–12) and presence of coxisternal fissure near base of seta 3b which is absent in the latter. They also differ by shape of coxisternal fissures laterad the bases of 1a and 2a (small triangular in M. shirishi vs elongated curve in M. caissara), shape of tegula (posteriorly nose shaped in M. shirishi vs posteriorly rounded in M. caissara), ridges flanking the tegula linear and more than 5 long (compared to shorter angular ridges in M. caissara) length of ventral seta 3a (17–20 in M. shirishi vs 13–14 in M. caissara), sclerotization of ventral plate below sejugal apodeme (smooth in M. sirishi vs perpendicular striation in M. caissara). Males of M. shirishi differ from M. caissara by longer prodorsal setae v2 (14–17 vs 8–10), sc1 (25–27 vs 11–12), sc2 (20–22 vs 17–18) and shorter prodorsal seta d (10–12 vs 21–22); presence of apodeme 5 (compared to its absence in M. caissara), 3a slightly longer than 3b (compared to 3b nearly half the length of 3a in M. caissara), coxisternal plates 3 and 4 smooth (compared to ornamentation with punctations in M. caissara), solenidion distinctly longer on tarsus II (9–12 vs 6–7), and texture of seta v’Ti on genu IV (smooth vs serrate), width of femorogenu at the level of v’G nearly half the length of v’G (compared to width of femorogenu at the level of v’G nearly 1.5 times longer than length of v’G in M. caissara). Type material: Holotype female, male; 12 paratype females and 5 paratype males, from barks of Albizia lebbeck, Kalyani (22°59’20”N; 88°27’52”E; 9m MSL), State of West Bengal, 21/IX/2020, P. Mondal and K. Karmakar. Etymology: The specific epithet shirishi derived from the Bengali word Shirish refers to the local name of Albizia lebbeck, the habitat of the holotype.Published as part of Mondal, Priyankar & Karmakar, Krishna, 2021, First record of Metatarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from India with description of two new species, pp. 229-251 in Zootaxa 4942 (2) on pages 238-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4942.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/460051
FIGURES 14–15. Bongotarsonemus bicornus n in A new genus Bongotarsonemus with two new species of tarsonemid (Acari: Heterostigmata) mites discovered from the Himalayan forests of West Bengal, India
No full textFIGURES 14–15. Bongotarsonemus bicornus n. sp., (female). 14. Dorsal surface, 15. Ventral surface.Published as part of Mondal, Priyankar & Karmakar, Krishna, 2021, A new genus Bongotarsonemus with two new species of tarsonemid (Acari: Heterostigmata) mites discovered from the Himalayan forests of West Bengal, India, pp. 575-591 in Zootaxa 5072 (6) on page 586, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.6.5, http://zenodo.org/record/575167
Introduction to and application of synchronization theory
No full text<p><strong>Abstract of the lecture</strong></p>
<p>In nature, oscillations are one of the main forms of motion and these oscillating systems are not isolated. So, they interact, communicate in different kinds of complex ways. With this, synchronization is the most fundamental phenomenon exhibited by these systems. In the first part this talk, the basics of synchronization theory will be discussed. Applications of synchronization theory will be demonstrated in different engineering and natural systems, in the second part of my lecture. The engineering systems include thermoacoustic system, aeroelastic system, and natural circulation loop. Through these applications, we will discuss how synchronization theory helps not only describing different transitional phenomena but also indicating the possible control measures.</p>
<p><strong>References:</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Mondal, S., Unni, V. R., & Sujith, R. I. (2017). Onset of thermoacoustic instability in turbulent combustors: an emergence of synchronized periodicity through formation of chimera-like states. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 811, 659.</li>
<li>Mondal, S., Pawar, S. A., & Sujith, R. I. (2017). Synchronous behaviour of two interacting oscillatory systems undergoing quasiperiodic route to chaos. Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, 27(10), 103119.</li>
<li>Thomas, N., Mondal, S., Pawar, S. A., & Sujith, R. I. (2018). Effect of time-delay and dissipative coupling on amplitude death in coupled thermoacoustic oscillators. Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, 28(3), 033119.</li>
<li>Dange, S., Manoj, K., Banerjee, S., Pawar, S. A., Mondal, S., & Sujith, R. I. (2019). Oscillation quenching and phase-flip bifurcation in coupled thermoacoustic systems. Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, 29(9), 093135.</li>
<li>Raaj, A., Venkatramani, J., & Mondal, S. (2019). Synchronization of pitch and plunge motions during intermittency route to aeroelastic flutter. Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, 29(4), 043129.</li>
<li>Mondal, S., Pawar, S. A., & Sujith, R. I. (2019). Forced synchronization and asynchronous quenching of periodic oscillations in a thermoacoustic system. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 864, 73-96.</li>
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GPS, scaling exponent and past seismicity for seismic hazard assessment in Garhwal–Kumaun, Himalayan region
No full textThe world’s most geologically complex Himalayan arc is well known for its tectonic and seismic activities due to the collision of Indian and Eurasian plates. Based on these elements [global positioning system (GPS) deformation measurements, scaling exponent (D) of the tectonic elements and past seismicity] studied here can contribute to better understanding of dynamics and complexities of earthquakes occurrence in any region. In the present paper, the crustal deformation is analyzed with the 3-year campaign and continuous GPS sites data. The velocity vectors of the sites with IGS05 reference frame ranges from 35 to 50 mm/year and give strain-rate measurements up to 130 × 10−9 strain/year. Further, the study region was divided into number of blocks of 1° × 1° that gives different D value based on the presence and distribution of tectonic elements in a particular block. One of the blocks was identified with very high D value of 1.82, where the least seismic activity and extensive convergence due to strain accumulation in comparison with other blocks of higher capacity dimensional value has been observed. Particularly this block lying between latitude 29°N–30°N and longitude 79°E–80°E is considered to be the probable highest seismic hazard zone in the study area. Significance of the combined application of GPS study, scaling exponent and the characteristics of seismicity are stated as helpful methods in the identification of hazardous zone in the Eastern part of the central seismic gap in the Himalaya or in any active areas of the world
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