4,831 research outputs found
Henry N. Hooper Bell, 1857
No full textOne bell, cast by Henry N. Hooper and Company in Boston, 1857. Originally purchased to serve as the tower bell in the center of the Texas A&M University at Galveston campus, the bell is currently displayed in the library. Robbie de Vries and twelve other donors acquired the bell by auction in 1987
Abyssosdiskos Ekins & Erpenbeck & Goudie & Hooper 2020, gen. nov.
No full textGenus Abyssosdiskos gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 84647CBC-DFA8-49E0-9264-51F1033E4DE2 Type species: Cladorhiza pentaeiros Ekins, Erpenbeck & Hooper, 2020 Definition: Cladorhizidae with anchorate anisochelae and an upward facing disc morphology. Etymology: Abyssos L. the deep sea, diskos Gr. Dish (m.)Published as part of Ekins, Merrick, Erpenbeck, Dirk, Goudie, Lisa & Hooper, John N. A., 2020, New carnivorous sponges and allied species from the Great Australian Bight, pp. 240-266 in Zootaxa 4878 (2) on page 243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/442497
Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis Ekins, Erpenbeck & Hooper 2020
No full textChondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis Ekins, Erpenbeck & Hooper, 2020 Figures 2–3 Material examined: Holotype QM G337557, off Gladstone, Coral Sea, Queensland, Australia, Station 12, - 23.6311944 – -23.65900, 154.659694 – 154.643806, 1770– 1761 m, Beam Trawl, Coll. Merrick Ekins on RV Investigator, Cruise IN2017 _ V03, Sample 128-111, 13/vi/2017. Other Material: QM G339304, Ribbon Reef 5, Canyon 8, Great Barrier Reef Queensland, Australia, - 15.36606511, 145.8662834, 1526.89 m, Site: S0378, Sample: 55, ROV SuBastian, Coll. Jeremy Horowitz on RV FALKOR, cruise FK200802, 14/8/2020 Distribution: This species is presently known only from the Coral Sea and Great Barrier Reef, off the Northeast coast of Queensland, bathyal depth. Description: Growth form: An erect delicate single-axis arborescent sponge resembling a tree consisting of a cylindrical stem with five columns of branches (Figs. 2 A, B). The sponge including the roots is 12 cm in height, the branches are up to 4 cm in length and the roots are also up to 4 cm in length. The stem base is short, only 12 mm in length and 2 mm in width. Each branch contains four alternate filaments (Fig. 2 C). The branches are between 0.5 and 1 mm in thickness. The filaments are up to 2.5 mm long and between 80 and 270 µm wide. Colour: White in situ, on deck and preserved in ethanol. Ectosomal skeleton: The ectosomal skeleton consists of a thin membrane containing chelae (Fig. 2 E). Choanosomal skeleton: The choanosomal skeleton consists of bundles of mycalostyles longitudinally arranged in the axis of the stem. The stem also contains the subtylostyles and rare thin subtylostyles. The filaments consist of longitudinally arranged subtylostyles, with radial arrangement for support against the stem. The roots consist of the same combination of styles bundled together as in the stem, but also include a smaller blunt style (Fig. 2 F). Megascleres: Larger mycalostyles with tapering ends and a blunt point (872-(1109)- 1280 x 14.9–(23.9)–36.0 µm, n=46) (Fig. 3 C, D). Subtylostyles with slightly swollen bases and tapering points (459–(558)–669 x 8.4– (12.2)–7.51 µm, n=34) (Figs. 3 E, F). Rare thin subtylostyles (479–(763)– 1060 x 3.0–(4.4)–6.3 µm, n=5) (Figs. 3 I, J). In the roots are blunt styles (149–(256)–371 x 1.0–(3.8)–7.1 µm, n=8) (Figs. 3 G, H). Microscleres: Abundant small tridentate unguiferate isochelae with equal sized alae (25.5– (33.9)–42.9 x 2.1– (3.2)–4.5 µm, n=41) (Fig. 3 A). Uncommon large unguiferate isochelae, with variable dentation (often 3), 44.1– (53.9)–67.9 x 3.3–(5.7)–7.1 µm, n=16 (Fig. 3 B). Rare thin sigmas 23.1–(27.1)–31.1 x 0.9–(1.0)–1.2 µm, n=2 (Fig. 3 K). Rare sigmancistras 24.7–(26.5)–27.7 x 1.9–(2.5)–3.3 µm, n=4 (Fig. 3 L). Remarks: Despite the appearance of the holotype resembling the gross morphology of Cladorhiza abyssicola Sars, 1872, C. (C.). zygainadentonis has isochelae, and it also lacks sigmas and sigmancistras. The presence of isochelae indicates it clearly belongs in Chondrocladia, as illustrated in the figures and the diagnosis of Hestetun et al. (2016a) and Ekins et al. (2020b). This species is Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis Ekins et al., 2020a, with the unique unguiferate anchorate isochelae. The only other Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) with some sort of arborescent morphology is Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) dichotoma Lévi, 1964; but that species has quadridentate unguiferate isochelae. The redescription of C. (C.). zygainadentonis includes the addition of the styles in the root like appendages.Published as part of Ekins, Merrick & Hooper, John N. A., 2023, New carnivorous sponges from the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia collected by ROV from the RV FALKOR, pp. 435-471 in Zootaxa 5293 (3) on pages 437-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/796127
Skolosachlys nidus Ekins, Erpenbeck & Hooper 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Skolosachlys nidus</i> Ekins, Erpenbeck & Hooper sp. nov. <p>Figures 10, 12</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7DE686EF-3D3C-436F-BBCC-B80225B5F34F</p> Material examined. <p>Holotype: QM G320018, Between Barren and Child Islands, Keppel Islands, Queensland, Australia, 23.1592°S, 151.07056°E, 17.6 m, walls and large rocks, SCUBA, Coll. J.N.A. Hooper, S.D. Cook, S. List-Armitage, M. Richer de Forges, A. Crowther & C. Ireland, 4/XI/2002.</p> <p>Paratypes: QM G313004, Dixon Reef, Malekula Island, Vanuatu, 16.3565°S, 167.3651°E, 21.7 m, coral reef, SCUBA, Coll. J.N.A. Hooper, 21/ V /1997; QM G307325 Fifth Point, Heron Island, Capricorn-Bunker Group, Queensland, Australia, 23.4189°S, 151.985°E, 19 m, outer reef slope, gullies, overhangs, ledges, SCUBA, Coll. J.N.A. Hooper, S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy & P.A. Tomkins, 8/VIII/1996; QM G321773, Rock Cod Shoal, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, 23.6770°S, 151.6183°E, 5–14 m, coral reef, SCUBA, Coll. M. Ekins, S.D. Cook, A. Crowther, G. Carini, C. Strickland, P. Sutcliffe, & M. Mitchell, 11/XI/2004.</p> <p> <b>Other material.</b> QM G303844, Triangle Reef, Hook Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, 19.81722°S, 149.11694°E, 21 m, coral reef 6–9 m depth, gulleys, sharp drop-off to 22m depth, caves, corals and rubble at base, SCUBA, Coll. J.N.A. Hooper & L.J. Hobbs, 8/XII/1993; QM G305400, Gannet Cay, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, 21.98472°S, 152.46833°E, 24 m, fore-reef slope, bommies, abundant coral, SCUBA, Coll. J.N.A. Hooper, S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, & P.A. Tomkins, 23/VII/1995; QM G305704, Bacci Cay, Riversong Cays, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, 21.63444°S, 152.38361°E, 28 m, fore reef, sheer slope, terraces at 15, 22, 28 m depths, SCUBA, Coll. J.N.A. Hooper, S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, & P.A. Tomkins, 29/VII/1995; QM G306798, Malila Island, Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu, 15.35139°S, 167.20056°E, 31.3 m, outer reef slope, abundant coral, <i>Halimeda</i> at base, SCUBA, Coll. J.N.A. Hooper, 24/ VI /1996; QM G306970, Cook Reef, Vanuatu, 17.03472°S, 168.25167°E, 22 m, coral reefs, SCUBA, Coll. ORSTOM Noumea, 10/ VI /1996; QM G307225, Sykes Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, 23.41889°S, 152.05056°E, 25 m, patch reef to 30 m, gentle slope, sand gullies, SCUBA, Coll. J.N.A. Hooper, S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, & P.A. Tomkins, 7/VIII/1996; QM G318318, inside Hard Line Reefs, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, 20.83550°S, 151.16234°E, 23.6 m, sloping reef with outcrops, SCUBA, Coll. S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, G. Wörheide, & W. Delaney, 17/III/2000; QM G320089, Outer Rock, Keppel Islands, Queensland, Australia, 23.06639°S, 150.95278°E, 15.8 m, shallow fringing reef, bommies deeper, SCUBA, Coll. J.N.A. Hooper, S.D. Cook, S. List-Armitage, M. Richer de Forges, A. Crowther, & H. Ireland, 5/XI/2002; QM G310626, Scawfell Island, Northern End Of Refuge Bay, Queensland, Australia, 20.85°S, 149.6083°E, 20 m, Coll. Australian Institute of Marine Science & National Cancer Institute, Q66C 1776- V, 9/XI/1988; QM G314744, Little Lindeman Island, Queensland, Australia, 20.42206°S, 149.042664°E, 22 m, small coral bommies, very silty, many soft corals, SCUBA, Coll. S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, C.L. Adams, G. Wörheide, & D. Edson, 2/ VI /1999; QM G314871, Pinnacle Point, Hook Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, 20.06058°S, 148.96106°E, 18 m, fringing reef and coral bommies, SCUBA, Coll. S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, C.L. Adams, G. Wörheide, & D. Edson, 3/ VI /1999; QM G314891, Cateran Bay, Border Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, 20.15258°S, 149.04233°E, 30m, fringing coral reef, SCUBA, Coll. S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, C.L. Adams, G. Wörheide, & D. Edson, 4/ VI /1999; QM G314893, same collection details as QM G314891; QM G315271, Round Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, 19.960733°S, 149.62126°E, 20 m, back reef, SCUBA, Coll. S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, C.L. Adams, G. Wörheide, & D. Edson, 6/ VI /1999; QM G317573, Reef 21–490, Swain Reefs, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, 21.61400°S, 152.34705°E, 20 m, back reef, 100% coral cover, flat bottom with occasional small bommies to 1.5m high, SCUBA, Coll. J.N.A. Hooper, S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, D. Edson, & G. Wörheide, 8/II/2001; QM G317850, Mackerel Reef, Swain Reefs, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, 21.83610°S, 151.97195°E, 30 m, back reef bommies, SCUBA, Coll. J.N.A. Hooper, S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, D. Edson, & G. Wörheide, 12/II/2001; QM G318141, un-named reef, Pompey Group, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, 21.16217°S, 151.35201°E, 27 m, coral reef, SCUBA, Coll. S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, G. Wörheide, & W. Delaney, 14/III/2000; QM G318207, Reef 21-097, inside Hard Line Reefs, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, 21.04017°S, 151.48084°E, 27 m, steep back reef sloping to sand, SCUBA, Coll. S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, G. Wörheide, & W. Delaney, 15/III/2000; QM G329599, North side Aore I, off Luganville on southern side of Segond Channel, Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu, 15.53138333°S, 167.1937167°E, 16 m, steep sand slope, bommies, abundant sponges, patch reef at top, SCUBA, UUVAN082027, Coll. J.N.A. Hooper, 29/X/2008.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> <i>nidus</i> L. n., nest.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> This species is presently known only from Queensland, Australia and Malekula and Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu (Fig. 10).</p> <p> <b>Description:</b></p> <p> <i>Growth form</i>: Massive vasiform (Fig. 12 A–B). Often with epibionts growing over the surface. The holotype in the collection is currently 10–12 cm wide, by 6 cm high and 3.5 cm thick. Before collection it was at least 15 cm high. The sponges can easily obtain vases of up to 40 cm in height.</p> <p> <i>Colour</i>: The sponge is brown in colour, often covered with epibionts. Internally the sponge has a greenish yellow interior, with orange fibres (Fig. 12 D). In 70% ethanol, the internal colour changes from a yellow to brown and sometimes grey.</p> <p> <i>Oscules:</i> The 3–5 mm wide oscules are rare and scattered located on the outside of the vase, sometimes often in a sieve plate formation (e.g., QM G321773).</p> <p> <i>Texture:</i> Harsh, compressible, firm and tough, but can be torn easily.</p> <p> <i>Surface</i>: Sharp conules and ridges concentrated on the exterior of the vase giving the sponge a harsh exterior. The conules are 2–3 mm high, sometimes with a truncated finish as several fibres which have joined in bundles terminate close together, but usually it is just a single fibre (Fig. 12 C). The conules are connected to usually four sometimes three other conules with curvaceous ridges. The conules are 5–7 mm apart. On the exterior of the vase, the conules are between 2–3 mm in height, whilst inside the vase the conules are only 1–2 mm in height and lack the large ridges and valleys between them.</p> <p> <i>Ectosomal skeleton</i>: Debris inside the sponge body are incorporated in the fibres. It often has large amounts of sand and spicules in the ectosomal layer. Fibres extend from choanosome to ectosomal surface producing conules</p> <p> <i>Choanosomal skeleton</i>: The primary fibres are laminated and cored by detritus and a definite core in the centre third of the fibre (Fig. 12 F). The primary fibres are usually between 150 and 300 µm in thickness. The primary fibres are fascicular, forming bundles and have many crosslinking secondary fibres often forming ladder-like structures as they ascend to the surface. The secondary fibres are also laminated and are much less cored, also limited to the central third of the fibre. The secondary fibres range from 50 to 110 µm in diameter. There are rare aquiferous channels ~ 5mm in diameter. There is usually dark pigment in the choanosome.</p> <p> <b>Ecology.</b> This species is associated with reefs, ranging from fore reefs to back reefs. It has been recovered from 14 to 31 m in depth, but generally deeper than <i>Skolosachlys enlutea</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> It is often covered with encrusting ascidians such as didemnids, sponges, algae, bryozoans and sandy silt. The cavernous interior of the sponge is sometimes colonised by barnacles.</p> <p> <b>DNA Barcodes.</b></p> <p> <i>28S</i>: Holotype QM G320018 (LR699490).</p> <p> <i>ITS</i>: Holotype QM G320018 (LR699341), Paratype QM G313004 (LR699340).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Skolosachlys nidus</i> <b>sp. nov</b>. differs from <i>S. enlutea</i> <b>sp. nov</b>., by its vase-shaped morphology, the brown colouration, the smaller conules, a less harsh appearance and the absence of the striated armouring. The skeleton in <i>S. nidus,</i> has fewer fasciculations of the primary fibres and has very reduced aquiferous channels, making the sponge much less compressible.</p>Published as part of <i>Ekins, Merrick, Erpenbeck, Dirk, Debitus, Cécile, Petek, Sylvain, Mai, Tepoerau, Wörheide, Gert & Hooper, John N. A., 2023, Revision of the genus Fascaplysinopsis, the type species Fascaplysinopsis reticulata (Hentschel, 1912) (Porifera, Dictyoceratida, Thorectidae) and descriptions of two new genera and seven new species, pp. 201-241 in Zootaxa 5346 (3)</i> on pages 223-226, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5346.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8390072">http://zenodo.org/record/8390072</a>
Theonella xantha Hall & Ekins & Hooper 2014, n. comb.
No full text<i>Theonella xantha</i> (Sutcliffe, Pitcher & Hooper, 2010) n. comb. <p>Figs 1, 4, 6</p> <p> <i>Dercitus xanthus</i> Sutcliffe, Hooper & Pitcher, 2010, p. 6</p> <p> <i>Dercitus</i> (<i>Stoeba</i>) <i>xanthus</i> Sutcliffe, Hooper & Pitcher, 2010; van Soest, Beglinger & de Voogd, 2010, p. 38 (subgenus reassignment); van Soest 2012c (online resource)</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> <i>Holotype</i>: QM G329976 (=SBD513022), Australia, Great Barrier Reef, inter-reef sea floor, south-east of Rock Cod Shoal, 23.7249°S 151.665°E, 34.3 m (depth), coll. CSIRO Great Barrier Reef Seabed Biodiversity Project on <i>RV Lady Basten</i>, 20.Sep.2004, epibenthic sled. <i>Paratypes</i>: QM G329977 (=SBD513042), Australia, Great Barrier Reef, inter-reef sea floor, west of Fairfax Island, 23.8849°S 152.105°E, 41.8 m (depth), coll. CSIRO Great Barrier Reef Seabed Biodiversity Project on <i>RV Gwendoline May</i>, 13.Apr.2004, epibenthic sled; QM G329978 (=SBD505424), Australia, Great Barrier Reef, inter-reef sea floor, west of Old Reef, 19.4049°S 147.935°E, 42.0 m (depth), coll. CSIRO Great Barrier Reef Seabed Biodiversity Project on <i>RV Lady Basten</i>, 27.Nov.2003, epibenthic sled.</p> <p> <i>Other material</i>: QM G329095 (=SBD500449), Australia, Great Barrier Reef, inter-reef sea floor, east of Davies Reef, 18.8349°S 147.685°E, 62.9 m (depth), coll. CSIRO Great Barrier Reef Seabed Biodiversity Project on <i>RV Lady Basten</i>, 22.Sep.2003, trawl; QM G329183 (=SBD517180), Australia, Great Barrier Reef, inter-reef sea floor, north-west of Devlin Reef, 11.805°S 143.825°E, 37.9 m (depth), coll. CSIRO Great Barrier Reef Seabed Biodiversity Project on <i>RV Lady Basten</i>, 5.Feb.2005, trawl; QM G329186 (=SBD517310), Australia, Great Barrier Reef, inter-reef sea floor, north-west of Devlin Reef, 11.805°S 143.825°E, 34.7 m (depth), coll. CSIRO Great Barrier Reef Seabed Biodiversity Project on <i>RV Lady Basten</i>, 4.Feb.2005, trawl; QM G329283 (=SBD537784), Australia, Great Barrier Reef, inter-reef sea floor, east of Gladstone, 23.8349°S 151.585°E, 26.9 m (depth), coll. CSIRO Great Barrier Reef Seabed Biodiversity Project on <i>RV Lady Basten</i>, 14.Nov.2005, trawl; G331398 (=SBD500399), Australia, Great Barrier Reef, inter-reef sea floor, south-west of Little Broadhurst Reef, 19.045°S 147.3949°E, 14.9 m (depth), QM coll. CSIRO Great Barrier Reef Seabed Biodiversity Project on <i>RV Lady Basten</i>, 21.Sep.2003, epibenthic sled; QM G331401 (=SBD500654), Australia, Great Barrier Reef, inter-reef sea floor, west of Big Broadhurst Reef, 18.925°S 147.525°E, 17.2 m (depth), coll. CSIRO Great Barrier Reef Seabed Biodiversity Project on <i>RV Lady Basten</i>, 22.Sep.2003, epibenthic sled; QM G331411 (=SBD506498), Australia, Great Barrier Reef, inter-reef sea floor, south-west of Rudder Reef, 16.245°S 145.6149°E, 21.0 m (depth), coll. CSIRO Great Barrier Reef Seabed Biodiversity Project on <i>RV Lady Basten</i>, 9.Oct.2003, epibenthic sled; QM G331426 (=SBD512852), Australia, Great Barrier Reef, inter-reef sea floor, south-west of Lamont Reef, 23.625°S 151.875°E, 27.3 m (depth), coll. CSIRO Great Barrier Reef Seabed Biodiversity Project on <i>RV Lady Basten</i>, 21.Sep.2004, epibenthic sled; QM G331429 (=SBD513056),vAustralia, Great Barrier Reef, inter-reef sea floor, north-west of Tryon Island, 23.2249°S 151.7049°E, 28.0 m (depth), coll. CSIRO Great Barrier Reef Seabed Biodiversity Project on <i>RV Lady Basten</i>, 22.Sep.2004, epibenthic sled; QM G331436 (=SBD513964), Australia, Great Barrier Reef, inter-reef sea floor, north-east of Magnetic Island, 18.995°S 147.095°E, 35.0 m (depth), coll. CSIRO Great Barrier Reef Seabed Biodiversity Project on <i>RV Lady Basten</i>, 26.Apr.2004, epibenthic sled; G331463 (=SBD525255), Australia, Great Barrier Reef, inter-reef sea floor, east of Gladstone, 23.935°S 151.9333°E, 51.0 m (depth), QM coll. CSIRO Great Barrier Reef Seabed Biodiversity Project on <i>RV Lady Basten</i>, 19.Sep.2004, epibenthic sled; QM G331662 (=SBD524169), Australia, Great Barrier Reef, inter-reef sea floor, north-east of Mumford Reef, 22.1549°S 150.385°E, 79.2 m (depth), coll. CSIRO Great Barrier Reef Seabed Biodiversity Project on <i>RV Lady Basten</i>, 9.May.2004, epibenthic sled; QM G331964, Australia, Great Barrier Reef, inter-reef sea floor, south-west of Polmaise Reef, 23.6383°S 151.5025°E, 26.0 m (depth), coll. Vicki Hall, Northern Fisheries, Cairns (former Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, Queensland Government), 22.Nov.1999, epibenthic sled.</p> <p> <b>Redescription.</b> Based on examination of holotype, 2 paratypes and 16 vouchers; all specimens post-fixed in ethanol (70%) after initial frozen storage.</p> <p> <i>Growth form and gross morphology</i>: sponge consists of very thin sheets, thickness ~ 30 µm; sheets encrust over assorted non-specific substrates, cements a variety of unidentified broken gastropod shells, polychaete tubes, diatoms, broken coral debris into single mass; incorporates large amounts of quartz sand and debris, small amounts of filamentous algae; holotype mass measures ~ 4 × 5 × 3 cm (total mass dimensions) (Figs 1C, 6A–B)</p> <p> <i>Colour</i>: unknown in life; dark orange to yellow portions of sponge mixed with green algae and dirty cream to brown sand and debris when frozen; colour retained in ethanol; stains ethanol dark golden yellow; yellow pigment greasy.</p> <p> <i>Oscules</i>: unobserved macroscopically in frozen and fixed material; visible microscopically, few, inconspicuous, shallow, discrete, broadly elliptical, ~ 100 µm (diameter), distributed sparsely.</p> <p> <i>Texture</i>: difficult to determine because of large amounts of debris in sponge mass; mass friable, fragile; sponge soft, very fragile, friable, granular, flaccid, limp, highly compressible, slowly resilient, spongy.</p> <p> <i>Surface ornamentation</i>: even, smooth.</p> <p> <i>Ectosomal skeleton</i>: indistinguishable from choanosome.</p> <p> <i>Choanosomal skeleton</i>: lax, vague; rigid skeleton entirely absent; skeleton consists only of confused arrangement of interstitial microscleres scattered throughout mesohyl; microscleres sparse in patches, distributed singularly, concentrated in other regions, sometimes forming very dense carpet; collagen homogenous; occasional foreign megascleres (oxeas, regular triacts) incorporated into mesohyl (Figs 6B–C).</p> <p> <i>Megascleres</i>: nil.</p> <p> <i>Microscleres</i>: single category of microrhabd; microrhabds as highly spined microxeas, small, isodiametric, robust, generally straight but rarely slightly curved, curvature irregular, tips rounded, rhabd covered with profuse, small, blunt, conical spines; spines shorter than rhabd width, raised obviously from spicule shaft, arise perpendicular to axis; shaft straight, lacks torsion; dimensions 8.1–21.5 (14.7) × 1.3–2.9 (2.2) µm (Fig. 6D).</p> <p> <b>DNA sequence data.</b> 15 <i>COI</i> barcode sequences were obtained for specimens of <i>T. xantha</i>, including the holotype and both paratypes (GenBank Accession: KJ494361 – KJ494375; see Table 1); each of these sequences was 709 bp in length (including primers), except 4 which were shorter (KJ494367: 597 bp; KJ494365 & KJ494369: 631 bp; KJ494361: 634 bp (including primers)).</p> <p> <b>Ecology and distribution.</b> Specimens of <i>T. xantha</i> have, to date, been found associated with the seabed only in the inter-reef areas of the Great Barrier Reef. Sutcliffe <i>et al</i>. (2010) draw attention to enormous biomass that specimens of <i>T. xantha</i> represent; they are distributed widely across the entire span of the Great Barrier Reef, extending from regions of low to high latitude, and are found in high densities in the inter-reef area. Sutcliffe <i>et al.</i> (2010) did not find any major correlation between the presence or prevalence of <i>T. xantha</i> and the composition of the underlying substrate, although specimens were not recovered commonly in areas with a high proportion of mud in the sediment.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> We re-examined the holotype and both paratypes, in addition to 16 vouchers, of <i>T. xantha</i> using SEM and light microscopy. In no specimen were we able to observe any native megascleres; all specimens were found to contain only small, microspined microrhabds. The samples were morphologically homogeneous, with large amounts of debris incorporated into the structure of all specimens, including non-active polychaete tubes and shells, fragments of diatoms, and coralline and siliceous rubble. Small amounts of filamentous algae (or bacteria) were incorporated into the mass also.</p> <p>The measurements of the microrhabds were consistent among the samples we examined. The average microrhabd length was 14.8 µm (range 8.1 to 21.5 µm); three outlier measurements were detected (7.0 µm, 23.2 µm and 24.1 µm). The lengths fitted a normal distribution, which was not skewed appreciably. The median spicule length was 14.6 µm; there were relatively few spicules which measured less than 13.1 µm. The majority of microrhabds reached lengths of between 13 and 17 µm.</p> <p> <b>Comments.</b> This species was attributed initially to <i>Dercitus</i> Gray, 1867 by Sutcliffe <i>et al</i>. (2010) based on their interpretation of the morphology of this species as comprising sanidasters and three-rayed calthrops (calthrops reported in 20% of their samples). Van Soest <i>et al.</i> (2010) and van Soest (2012c) classify <i>D. xanthus</i> within the subgenus <i>Dercitus</i> (<i>Stoeba</i>) Sollas, 1888. We have been unable to replicate the sighting of any native calthrops in the holotype or paratypes, nor in any other specimens we examined. We can confirm the common occurrence of broken calthrops distributed sporadically in several of the samples we investigated, however, in no specimen could these be interpreted as native; indeed, in one specimen of <i>T. deliqua</i>, dense rafts of non-native broken calthrops were found aggregated in portions of the sponge mass of this species also (as noted above). The geometry of regular calthrops and triods and the thickness of the rays of these megascleres may make these particular spicule morphologies exceptionally robust; the tumbled edges, however, support their foreign origins. The absence of calthrops, and the interpretation of the microscleres as microrhabds, rather than sanidasters, renders the placement of this species within <i>Dercitus</i> unjustified. We interpret the morphology of this species as being consistent with other megasclere-lacking species of <i>Theonella</i>, and this interpretation is supported by DNA-based studies (see below); based on these data, we designate this species within <i>Theonella</i>, as <i>T. xantha</i> (Sutcliffe, Hooper and Pitcher, 2010) n. comb.</p> <p> Morphologically, specimens of <i>T. xantha</i> are very similar to those of <i>T. deliqua</i> and <i>T. maricae</i>, however, they may be distinguished by the shape of the microrhabds and ecological characteristics. Specimens of <i>T. xantha</i> are recognisable immediately from those of <i>T. maricae</i> by the size of the microrhabds; the spicules of <i>T. maricae</i> are more than twice as long as those of <i>T. xantha</i>. Discrimination between <i>T. xantha</i> and <i>T. deliqua</i> is subtler; boxplots comparing the microrhabd lengths (Fig. 4) show that the range of lengths of the microscleres of both species are broadly equivalent. The microrhabds of <i>T. xantha</i>, however, are more robust in appearance than those seen in <i>T. deliqua</i>. The spines along the shaft of the microrhabds of <i>T. xantha</i> are bluntly conical and generally shorter than the width of the rhabd. Contrastingly, the microrhabds of <i>T. deliqua</i> are less robust in appearance, being slender and bearing sharply pointed spines, which are longer than the length of the underlying rhabd. Structurally, <i>T. xantha</i>, like <i>T. maricae</i>, consolidates the seabed substrates and cements a variety of rubble types, however, these two species can be distinguished from <i>T. deliqua</i> by this characteristic, which contrasts the aggregation of only one species of <i>Tenagodus</i> shell by specimens of <i>T. deliqua.</i></p>Published as part of <i>Hall, Kathryn A., Ekins, Merrick G. & Hooper, John N. A., 2014, Two new desma-less species of Theonella Gray, 1868 (Demospongiae: Astrophorida: Theonellidae), from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, and a re-evaluation of one species assigned previously to Dercitus Gray, 1867, pp. 451-477 in Zootaxa 3814 (4)</i> on pages 461-463, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.4.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4919275">http://zenodo.org/record/4919275</a>
Development of a novel test rig for the evaluation of aircraft fuel tank sealants
No full textLeaks from aircraft fuel tanks have always represented a problem for aircraft manufacturers, airline operators and maintenance crews. The integral fuel tanks within aircraft structures are typically located within the wings and they rely upon sealant materials to prevent leakage past joints and fasteners. However, the wing is designed as a structural member first and as a fuel tank second and there exist many potential leak paths for the fuel from these complex, highly loaded structures. Fuel leaks result in direct loss of fuel which may be dangerous, cause a loss in revenue due to aircraft being withdrawn from service and be difficult and expensive to repair. On top of this there are important health and safety issues involved in the repair of fuel tanks, for example, the Royal Australian Air Force's, F-lll Deseal Reseal Programme 1979 to 2000, where it was found that a significant number of RAAF personnel involved in the Deseal Reseal Programme were suffering from a variety of health problems.
Current approaches to fuel tank sealant evaluation embrace immersion in a range of different fluids at different temperatures, of both bulk sealant samples and sealed joints. However, nearly all such tests are of a "static" nature and yet it is acknowledged that joint movement leads to leaks. Thus the missing component of testing is movement coupled with the other key variables. The aircraft industry has been searching for a relatively simple test method that can be used to evaluate sealed joint systems using realistic combinations of materials, joint geometries, imposed stresses and environmental conditions. The aim of this project was to do exactly this.
A practical but realistic dynamic test, the Model Sealed System (MSS), was designed, made and evaluated. This unique mechanism consists of an axial stress machine into which fatigue, high and low temperatures and pressures can be programmed for automatic operation. A novel circular lap joint lies at the heart of the MSS in which test sealant is sandwiched between the circular coupons that are then assembled with aerospace fasteners and sealed. This joint configuration is representative of a wing skin butt-strap joint in a real aircraft. The MSS is easy to run, it accurately simulates real world dynamics and conditioning, and it provides results to qualify sealants in a more realistic manner than current testing methods provide. The MSS enables evaluation and comparative testing of sealant systems when used
for interfay, fillet and overcoat applications. The information provided is complementary to that obtained from conventional small scale coupon testing; it is not seen as a substitute. Further work is required to refine the test variables and further data are required to provide confidence in the utility of the MSS.
Development of the MSS was undertaken with the support of Airbus UK to ensure that the design, materials and all other variables met with the overall requirements of a commercial aircraft manufacturer. Airbus UK have a duplicate MSS of their own, installed by the author, from which they can obtain patterns of data for different combinations of materials and experimental variables
Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) maxisigma Ekins, Erpenbeck & Hooper 2020
No full text<i>Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) maxisigma</i> Ekins, Erpenbeck & Hooper, 2020 <p>Figures 8–9, Table 4</p> <p> <b>Material Examined</b>: Holotype of <i>Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) maxisigma</i>: QM G 337488 off Jervis Bay, Station 56, New South Wales, Australia, -35.333003, -35.332000, 151.258000 – 151.214000, 2636- 2342 m, Beam Trawl, Coll. Merrick Ekins on <i>RV</i> <i>Investigator</i>, Cruise IN2017 _ V 03, Sample 56-236, 29/v/2017. QM G339376, Noddy Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, -13.51773023, 144.1015761, 815.495 m, Site: SO398, Sample: 130, ROV <i>SuBastian</i>, Coll. Martie McNeil on <i>RV FALKOR,</i> cruise FK200930, 15/X/2020.</p> <p> <b>Comparative Material</b>: <i>Asbestopluma(Abestopluma)biserialis</i> (Ridley&Dendy,1886): NHMUK1887.5.2.187, South Pacific -22.35, -150.283, 4361 m, <i>Challenger</i> St. 281, 6/X/1875 Lectotype; NHMUK 1887.5.2.190, South Pacific -39.2167, -118.81.67, 4115 m, <i>Challenger</i> St. 291, Paralectotype.</p> <p> <b>Distribution:</b> This species is known from continental slope Queensland and New South Wales, Australia, at bathyal depth.</p> <p> <b>Description:</b></p> <p> <i>Growth form:</i> The new specimen (QM G339376) consists of an erect columnar pedunculate sponge with pinnate filaments projecting at right angles to the stem (Figs. 8 E, F). This specimen is 135 mm long, up to 2 mm wide. Ninety mm of this length comprises the below ground stem and basal root, whilst only 45 mm projects above the substrate, the top part of the specimen was lost during processing. The filaments of the preserved specimen are up to 7 mm in length, but possibly longer in vivo (Figs. 8 A–D). They are 0.5 mm in width and project into four columns, with a right angle between them.</p> <p> <i>Colour:</i> The above ground parts are white in situ and on the deck, whilst the below ground components are tan coloured.</p> <p> <i>Ectosomal skeleton:</i> The ectosome of both the stem and the filaments consist of soft tissue encrusted with anisochelae and sigmas. The ectosome of the lower stem and roots is encrusted with the acanthostyles.</p> <p> <i>Endosomal skeleton:</i> The axis of the stem and the filaments consists of tightly bound longitudinal tracts of mycalostyles. The mycalostyles are also arranged as buttresses providing support for the filaments that are also composed of the same styles and arise tangential to the stem, so that at their ends the mycalostyles converge onto the filament mycalostyles. In addition, there are supplementary smaller very fine and short filament columns composed of the subtylostyles projecting at right angles to the stem and similarly converging with buttressing mycalostyles. The subtylostyles are not present in the stem nor the roots, which is composed of the mycalostyles only.</p> <p> <i>Megascleres:</i> Styles of three types exist in different parts of the sponge. Large mycalostyles, thickest at the middle of the spicule and tapering at both ends (531–(730)–897 µm x 12.5–(20.3)–29.9 µm, n=59) occur in the filaments, the stem and the basal root like appendage (Figs. 9 C, D). Smaller subtylostyles with slightly swollen bases and tapering to fine points (393–(509)–604 x 4.2–(9.8)–12.6 µm, n=22) occur in the filaments (Figs. 9 E, F). Very thin long, often subtly bent fragile acanthostyles occur in the lower stem and root like appendage (66.8– (119.1)–246.0) x 0.8–(2.8)–6.6 µm, n=44) (Figs. 9 G, H).</p> <p> <i>Microscleres:</i> Palmate anisochelae (Fig. 9 A)., head with the lateral alae fully fused to the shaft and a large frontal alae significantly detached from lateral alae, foot with two fully fused nearly atrophied lateral alae and a single larger frontal ala with a tooth-like termination (Length 10.3–(12.8)–14.1 µm, large frontal alae width 3.2–(4.4)–6.5 µm, small lateral alae width 1.8–(2.2)–2.7 µm, n=24) Small sigmancistras (Fig. 9 B), with an almost 90 o twist (28.2–(32.3)–36.0 µm, n=20) were found. The larger sigmas recorded in the holotype by Ekins <i>et al</i>. (2020), were not found in this specimen. It is possible these may have been contaminants from <i>Chondrocladia</i> (<i>Chondrocladia</i>) <i>clavata</i> Ridley & Dendy, 1886, multiple samples that were collected from the same beam trawl station.</p> <p>......continued on the next page</p> <p> <b>Remarks:</b> As previously noted in Ekins <i>et al.</i> (2020a), <i>As. (As.) maxisigma</i> is most closely related to <i>As. (As.) biserialis</i> (Ridley & Dendy, 1886), known from the South Pacific (Ridley & Dendy 1886), Kermadec Trench, (Lévi 1964), Coral Sea off New Caledonia (Lévi 1993), and the North Pacific, south of the Aleutian Islands (Koltun 1970), from bathyal and abyssal depths (qv. Lopez <i>et al</i>. 2011; Ekins <i>et al</i>. 2020a). Both species have vaguely similar pinnate pedunculate morphologies but <i>As. (As.) maxisigma</i> has twice as many columns of filaments (i.e., four as opposed to two) and is round in cross-section rather than flattened (Fig. 10). This re-description of <i>As. (As.) maxisigma</i> with new material collected by ROV, clearly shows that only about one third of the sponge is above the ground i.e., the ‘snow’ layer (Figs. 8A, E, F). The inclusion of the below-ground stem and the root like structures of QM G339376 from the Great Barrier Reef shows the presence of acanthostyles, which were not found on the holotype of <i>As. (As.) maxisigma</i>. Since this species is only known to live in soft sediment, it is likely the spined surface of the acanthostyles serve as anchors securing the sponge in the soft sediment. Another example of exaptation of spicules in carnivorous sponges. These acanthostyles are similar to those found in <i>As. (As.) biserialis</i> but were only reported in Lévi (1964) and Koltun (1970), not in the original description by Ridley & Dendy (1886) nor Lévi (1993). With the inclusion of new acanthostyles this species is even more closely aligned with <i>As. (As.) biserialis</i> (Ridley & Dendy, 1886). However, the species are kept separate as this distinction between the clearly biserial species <i>As. (As.) biserialis</i>, is also this distinction between it and another closely related species <i>As. (As.) belgicae</i> (Topsent, 1901a), which has 6–8 rows of filaments. <i>Asbestopluma (As.) biserialis</i> var. <i>californiana</i> de Laubenfels, 1935 is currently only distinguished by having slightly smaller chelae from a described single value of 6 µm, as opposed to the current species which begin at 10 µm. Re-examination of the type material of <i>As. (As.) biserialis</i> var. <i>californiana</i> <i>,</i> may reveal a greater size range of these microscleres.</p> <p> In its gross morphology this species also resembles <i>As. (As.) belgicae,</i> (qv. Lopez <i>et al</i>. 2011, Hestetun <i>et al.</i> 2015; Goodwin <i>et al</i>. 2017). Although, <i>As. (As.) maxisigma</i> has acanthostyles, it has the following differences: fewer radial filaments, the absence of grooves, smaller mycalostyles, an absence of the strongyles. <i>Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) quadriserialis</i> Tendal, 1973, from the North Atlantic also has four rows of filaments, however, it can be clearly distinguished by the presence of two sizes of anisochelae. These closely related species are compared in Table 4. <i>Asbestopluma (As.) sarsensis</i> Goodwin <i>et al.</i>, 2017 is similar in spiculation to <i>As. (As.) belgicae</i>, and also differs from the present species for the same reasons given above, in addition to also having a very different growth form. <i>Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) obae</i> Koltun, 1964 from Wilkes Land, Antarctica differs from the present species in lacking horizontal filaments.</p> <p> As shown in Fig. 3 of Ekins <i>et al</i>. (2020a), <i>As. (As.) maxisigma</i> does not have the same molecular sequence as any other <i>Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma)</i> spp. Unfortunately, none of the closely related species listed above have any molecular sequence data either. The only one of the closest morphologically is <i>As. (As.)</i> cf. <i>belgicae</i>, which has a different molecular profile.As new collections of species of this genus and their corresponding sequences become available, will result in better resolution within the genus.</p>Published as part of <i>Ekins, Merrick & Hooper, John N. A., 2023, New carnivorous sponges from the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia collected by ROV from the RV FALKOR, pp. 435-471 in Zootaxa 5293 (3)</i> on pages 453-459, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.3.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7961272">http://zenodo.org/record/7961272</a>
Hamacantha (Vomerula) ridleyi Ekins & Baker & Hooper 2023, sp. nov.
No full textHamacantha (Vomerula) ridleyi sp. nov. Ekins & Hooper Figs 1, 5, Table 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E525247D-8EA7-4EF5-9D81-4E288E2BFEE7 Material examined: Holotype: QM G327988, Tasmanian Seamounts, off Huon Seamount, Tasmania, Australia, - 44.29226, 147.06693, 1100–1300 m, Sherman sled, on Solenosmilia variabilis habitat, SS0207-022-010, Z16, Coll. A. Williams and M. Schlacher on RV Southern Surveyor, SS 02/2007, 2/IV/2007. Etymology: Named after Stuart Ridley, who described so many minute deep-water sponge species from the HMS Challenger and HMS Alert expeditions. Description: Fragile, encrusting sponge growing on Solenosmilia variabilis approximately 30 mm x 10 mm x 2 mm in height (Fig. 5 A, B). The sponge had a smooth surface without any visible oscules. The sponge was white on deck and opaque white in ethanol preservative. Skeleton: The ectosomal skeleton is a tangential array of styles (Fig. 5C, D). On the lower layer of the ectosomal skeleton are numerous diancistras of both sizes. The choanosomal skeleton consists of ascending bundles of styles that diverge to provide support to the ectosomal skeleton (Fig. 5C). Spicules: The megascleres are styles, which are abundant, fusiform, straight, sharply pointed, and thickest in the centre (Fig. 5H). The blunt end is much narrower than the middle and has a rounded terminal tyle occasionally with a slight subtylostylote swelling. They measure 292–(385)–437 x 7.6–(9.9)–12.6 μm, n=35. The large diancistras (I) are common, with the shaft twisted at least 45 o, the thin sharp fimbriae run the entire length of the inner surface except around the notch (Fig. 5E). They measure 83–(96)–105 x 5.0–(8.8)–12.5 μm, n=42. The smaller diancistras (II) are also common, with the shaft twisted 90 o, have large, equal, almost touching curvaceous fimbriae (Fig. 5G). They measure 19–(24)–30 x 1.0–(1.1)–1.7 μm, n=29. Microscleres are small rare oxbow toxas that measure 48–(54)–65 x 2–(2)–2 μm, n=13 (Fig. 5G). Remarks: The new species Hamacantha (V.) ridleyi sp. nov. is most similar to H. (V.) atoxa Lévi, 1993 (Table 2), as they both have small diancistras but it differs from H. (V.) atoxa in having two sizes of diancistras rather than three diancistras in the latter species.The presence of toxas within Hamacatha species is limited to H. (V.) bowerbanki Lundbeck, 1902, H. (V.) falcula (Bowerbank, 1874), H. (V.) melliflura sp. nov., H. (V.) papillata Vosmaer, 1885 and H. (V.) tenda (Schmidt, 1880). Of these species with toxas, the new species is closest to H. (V.) bowerbanki, but differs as H. (V.) bowerbanki has three categories of diancistras as well as the toxas.Published as part of Ekins, Merrick, Baker, Soraya & Hooper, John N. A., 2023, First records of Hamacantha species from seamounts off eastern Australia (Porifera, Demospongiae, Merliida), with description of four new species, pp. 382-400 in Zootaxa 5318 (3) on page 395, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5318.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/816694
Rubrafasciculus cerasus Ekins, Erpenbeck & Hooper 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Rubrafasciculus cerasus</i> Ekins, Erpenbeck & Hooper sp. nov. <p>Figures 13–16</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CD47671A-C791-42D2-B857-06E1F4BDB30B</p> <p> <i>Fascaplysinopsis reticulata</i>: in part Bergquist 1995:17–18, Fig. 9; Cook & Bergquist 2002: Fig. 5 F</p> <p> Not: <i>Fascaplysinopsis reticulata</i>: in part Bergquist 1980, Figs. 3 A, 16 A–B; Cook & Bergquist 2002: Fig. 5. C–D Not: <i>Aplysinopsis reticulata</i> Hentschel, 1912: 437–439, Pl. XV (1), XVI (9)</p> <p> <i>Fascaplysinopsis</i> cf. <i>reticulata</i>: Mai <i>et al.</i> 2019</p> <p> <i>Fascaplysinopsis</i> (cf.) <i>reticulata</i>: in part Erpenbeck <i>et al.</i> (2020) Suppl. Data</p> <p> <i>Dysidea</i> sp. (OTU QM2669): Petek <i>et al.</i> 2017</p> <p>Eponges de Mer. OPT-French Polynesia, 100f stamp, first day cover (see Fig. 15)</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype QM G314831, Alcyonarian Point, Hook Island, Whitsunday Group, Queensland, Australia, 20.06553 oS, 149.92346 oE, 15 m, many coral bommies caves and overhangs, silty numerous soft corals, SCUBA, Coll. S.D. Cook, J.D. Kennedy, C.L. Adams, G. Wörheide, & D. Edson, 3/VI/1999.</p> <p>Paratypes: QM G307568, Erskine Island, Capricorn-Bunker Group, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, 23.5°S, 151.7683°E, 14 m, back reef, SCUBA, Coll. J.N.A. Hooper, S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy & P.A. Tomkins, 12/VIII/1996; QM G314909, Cateran Bay, Border Island, Whitsunday Group, Queensland, Australia, 20.15258°S, 149.04233°E, 30 m, fringing coral reef, SCUBA, Coll. Coll. S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, C.L. Adams, G. Wörheide, & D. Edson, 4/ VI /1999; QM G305642, Frigate Cay, NW side, Swain Reefs, Queensland, Australia, 21.73361°S, 152.41778°E, 27 m, back reef slope, SCUBA, Coll. J.N.A. Hooper, S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy & P.A. Tomkins, 27/VII/1995; QM G310636, Scawfell Island, Queensland, Australia, 20.875°S, 149.575°E, 22 m, SCUBA, Coll. Australian Institute of Marine Science & National Cancer Institute, Q 66C1787-J, 10/XI/1988.</p> <p> <b>Other material.</b> QM G305474, Gannet Cay, Swains Reef, Queensland, Australia, 21.96861°S, 152.4675°E, 23 m, coral reef, SCUBA, Coll. J.N.A. Hooper, S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy & P.A. Tomkins, 24/VII/1995; QM G314745, Little Lindeman Island, Whitsunday Group, Queensland, Australia, 20.42206°S, 149.04266 o E, 22m, small coral bommies, SCUBA, Coll. S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, C.L. Adams, G. Wörheide, & D. Edson, 2/ VI /1999; QM G315278, Round Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, 19.96073°S, 149.62126°E, 20 m, back reef, SCUBA, Coll. S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, C.L.Adams, G. Wörheide, & D. Edson, 6/ VI /1999; QM G315421, Chauvel Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, 20.82564°S, 150.33549°E, 19 m, back reef, SCUBA, Coll. S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, C.L. Adams, G. Wörheide, & D. Edson, 7/ VI /1999; QM G317097, Curacoa Channel, Palm Islands, Queensland, Australia, 18.66233°S, 146.53979°E, 20 m, flat silty substrate, SCUBA, Coll. C. Adams, on RV James Kirby, 1/IV/2000; QM G318149, un-named reef, Pompey Group, Queensland, Australia, 21.16217°S, 151.35201°E, 27 m, coral reef, SCUBA, Coll. S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, G. Wörheide & W. Delaney, 14/III/2000; QM G318295, Hard Line Reefs, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, 20.96250°S, 151.30133°E, 18 m, flat, silty sand, SCUBA, Coll. S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, G. Wörheide & W. Delaney, 16/III/2000; QM G318349, Pompey Reefs, small unnamed reef, Queensland, Australia, 21.12400°S, 151.13066°E, 27 m, sloping reef with outcrops, SCUBA, Coll. S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, G. Wörheide & W. Delaney, 17/III/2000; QM G303895, Triangle Reef, Hook Reef, Whitsunday group, Queensland, Australia, 19.81694°S, 149.10139°E, 31 m, sheer cliff to 35m depth, SCUBA, Coll. J.N.A. Hooper, & L.J. Hobbs, 10/12/1993; QM G330344, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, 18.535°S, 146.565°E, 31.3 m, Trawl, Coll. CSIRO, Sea Bed Diversity Project on RV Gwendoline May, SBD502461, 27/11/2003; QM G317478 Merv’s Reef, Swain Reefs, Queensland, Australia, 21.88747°S, 152.34737°E, 30 m, back reef, SCUBA, Coll. J.N.A. Hooper, S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, D. Edson, & G. Wörheide, 6/II/2001; QM G317525, Reef 21-505, Swain Reefs, Queensland, Australia, 21.70532°S, 152.34019°E, 21 m, back reef, SCUBA, Coll. J.N.A. Hooper, S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, D. Edson, & G. Wörheide, 7/II/2001; QM G317602, Reef 21-490, Swain Reefs, Queensland, Australia, 21.60512°S, 152.36989° E, 17 m, back reef, SCUBA, Coll. J.N.A. Hooper, S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, D. Edson, & G. Wörheide, 8/II/2001; QM G317718,°utside entrance to Star Reef lagoon, Swain Reefs, Queensland, Australia, 21.49818°S, 152.41446°E, 15 m, back reef, SCUBA, Coll. J.N.A. Hooper, S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, D. Edson, & G. Wörheide, 10/II/2001; QM G317575, Reef 21-490, Swain Reefs, Queensland, Australia, 21.61400°S, 152.34705°E, 20 m, back reef, 100% coral cover, flat bottom with occasional small bommies to 1.5m high, SCUBA, Coll. J.N.A. Hooper, S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, D. Edson & G. Wörheide, 8/II/2001; QM G315468, Unnamed reef on inner side of Pompey Reefs, Queensland, Australia, 21.49563°S, 151.16325°E, 26.2 m, back reef, SCUBA, Coll. S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, C.L. Adams, G. Wörheide, & D. Edson, 8/ VI /1999; QM G314857, Pinnacle Point, Hook Island, Whitsunday Group, Queensland, Australia, 20.06058°S, 148.96106°E, 18 m, fringing reef, SCUBA, Coll. S.D. Cook, J.A. Kennedy, C.L. Adams, G. Wörheide, & D. Edson, 3/ VI /1999; QM G333241, Rangiroa, Tuamotu, French Polynesia, 15.24733°S, 147.73805°W, 18 m, SCUBA, Coll. B. Bourgeois, Institut De Recherche Pour Le Developpement, P319, 22/ V /2011; QM G333299, Anuanuraro, Tuamotu, French Polynesia, 20.42323°S, 143.54883°W, 68 m, SCUBA, Coll. J. Butcher, Institut De Recherche Pour Le Developpement, P237, 29/IV/2011. <i>R</i>. cf. <i>cerasus</i>: QM G 312776, Nukubalavu, Taveuni, Fiji, 16.7503°S, 179.78556°E, 42 m, SCUBA, Coll. J.N.A. Hooper, NCIOCDN4153 X, 28/X/1996; QM G324601, Laukoto Lailai, Vanua Levu, Fiji, 16.63678°S, 178.49253°E, 6–22.9 m, SCUBA, Coll. J.L. Menou, J. Butscher, S. Petek, C. Payri & G, Lasne, R3219, 10/ V /2007; QM G331054, Raiatea, Society Islands, French Polynesia, 16.83122°S, 151.34708°W, 45 m, barrier reef pass, soft to steep sandy slope with fragments, SCUBA, Coll. C. Debitus, P60, 16/VIII/2009; QM G304688, Iles Chesterfield, Pacific Ocean, 20.96833°S, 158.57667°E, 40 m, SCUBA, Coll. J.L. Menou, R1344, 21/VII/1984; QM G324365, Malaita Nord, Lahau Lagoon, Solomons, 8.4182°S, 160.830583°E, 40 m, SCUBA, Coll. IRD, R3165, 9/VII/2004; CASIZ 300177, Oceania, Palau, reef east of Koror, west side of Uchelbeluu (Sea Bear Site), 7.2735°N, 134.5238°E, 10 m, SCUBA, CRRF # OCDN5079 -G, Coll. Coral Reef Research Foundation, 16/II/1998.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> <i>cerasus</i> L., f., cherry</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> This species is widely distributed in the southwest Pacific, ranging from Queensland, Australia, Chesterfield Island, Territory of New Caledonia, Fiji,Society andTuamotuArchipelagos and French Polynesia (Fig.13).</p> <p> <b>Description:</b></p> <p> <i>Growth form</i>: Lobate, massive, with a few apical fistules, often only the fistules are showing above the silty/ sand substrate. The fistules are 8 to 22 mm in height (average 15 mm). The preserved holotype is 8 cm wide, 4.5 cm thick and 8.7 cm in height (Figs. 14 A–B, 16 A).</p> <p> <i>Colour</i>: Fistules and body above the substrate is cherry red to red brown underwater and on deck, the body under the debris is cream. In 70% ethanol, the fistules are often brown to grey, whilst the main body is a beige to tan exterior, with a yellow to beige interior with red fibres.</p> <p> <i>Oscules</i>: Apical on fistules (Fig. 14 B). The 1–2 mm in diameter oscules collapse after removal from water. There are also uncommon, scattered, random 2–3 mm in diameter oscules on the body surface.</p> <p> <i>Texture</i>: Firm barely compressible, but the fistules are very soft and compressible.</p> <p> <i>Surface:</i> Conulose, conules 2–3 mm high and usually 2–4 mm but can be up to 10 mm apart interconnected by ridges (Fig. 14 B–C).</p> <p> <i>Ectosomal Skeleton</i>: Clear membranous surface, over a thick well-defined sand and detritus layer (0.750 mm thick) in the lower part of the ectosome (Fig. 14 D). However, in the fistules, the sand is often under both the exterior ectosomal layer and the aquiferous channels, thus it can form a double wall enclosing the supporting fibres, of a total of 1.5 mm (Fig. 14 G). The membranous fistules have substantially less sand detritus, however the body has large sand particles subectosomally. The ectosome is thin and membranous, but difficult to physically separate from the choanosome. It also difficult to visually separate from the choanosome because of the similar colour of the collagen (mustard yellow) in both regions. The ectosome can often be visually separated from the choanosome under the dissection microscope by the presence of the subectosomal sand/detritus armouring. The sand/detritus layer is thicker in some areas (up to 0.7 mm) and non-existent in other areas such as near ostial pores.</p> <p> <i>Choanosomal Skeleton</i>: Irregularly branching, widely spaced primary fibres (Fig. 14 F–G). Fibres do not form regular meshes. Primary fibres are laminated and cored with detritus (300–1000 μm in diameter), secondary fibres are laminated and often cored (80–200 μm in diameter). Tertiary fibres can sometimes also be cored (10–50 μm in diameter). Fibres also usually have detritus that is cemented to the outside of the fibres almost forming an armour. The skeleton often presents as a lattice of indistinguishable primary, secondary and tertiary fibres. This forms a web cementing in the sand detritus (Fig. 14 E). In this case, the primary and secondary fibres are difficult to distinguish, except in the fistules. The primary fibres ascend and converge to form the fistules with the web of secondary fibres. Mesohyl collagen is moderately dense, granular/vaculose and contains sparsely distributed sand grains. The body has many aquiferous channels radiating up from the base, approximately 3 mm in diameter.</p> <p> <b>Ecology.</b> This species is a semi burrowing to massive sponge associated with sandy habitats on or between reefs at 10 to 68 m in depth. The sponge may have epibionts on the surface including: bryozoans, ascidians, sponges, hydroids and algae.</p> <p> <b>DNA Barcodes.</b></p> <p> <i>28S</i>: Holotype QM G314831 (OX458936), QM G333241 (OX458945), QM G333299 (LR700202); <i>R.</i> cf. <i>cerasus:</i> QM G 331054 (LR699491), QM G312776 (OX458946), QM G324601 (OX458947), CASIZ 300177 (OX458937).</p> <p> <i>ITS</i>: Holotype QM G314831 (LR700208), QM G333241 (LR700209), QM G333299 (OX458949); <i>R.</i> cf. <i>cerasus:</i> QM G 331054 (LR699342).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The inclusion of large amounts of interstitial sand, which is incorporated into all of the fibres, makes sectioning more difficult than other unarmoured sponges. The amount of sand incorporated is determined by the habitat of the sponge, i.e. sponges burrowed into the sand have higher sand concentrations in the fibres than those massive sponges on the reef. Future collections from the Pacific may reveal the differing habitats confer conspecific, at this time we shall group them as one species. The specimens collected from Fiji i.e. QM G312776 and QM G324601, showed morphological difference from other specimens in this species by the lack of sand deposition on the outside of the fibres (Fig. 16 E–F). In addition, the lack of fistules, and the extremely heavy fasciculation and anastomosis of the primary and secondary fibres in QM G312776, separate it from the other examined specimens. Due to molecular differences to <i>R. cerasus</i>, and in the absence of discriminating morphological characters we regard these Fijian specimens as <i>R</i>. cf. <i>cerasus</i> <i>,</i> until the species structure is further investigated. Another specimen QM G331054, is burrowed in the sand habitat, but it lacks the sand encrusting on the outside of fibres. It has coring in the secondary fibres and also lacks the obvious fasciculations and anastomosing of the secondary and tertiary fibres that are present in the other specimens. There were also specimens from the South Pacific (i.e. G304688, QM G324365 and CASIZ 300177) that have characteristically strong cored primary fibres with light fasciculations and external sand coating of the fibres. The fibres have only a few joining fibres, leaving the junctions clean and uncluttered (Fig. 16 F). In addition, this species has a thicker subectosomal sand armouring (see Fig. 16 D).</p> <p> The chemical compounds fascaplysine and palauolide were isolated from this species (Mai <i>et al.</i> 2019).</p>Published as part of <i>Ekins, Merrick, Erpenbeck, Dirk, Debitus, Cécile, Petek, Sylvain, Mai, Tepoerau, Wörheide, Gert & Hooper, John N. A., 2023, Revision of the genus Fascaplysinopsis, the type species Fascaplysinopsis reticulata (Hentschel, 1912) (Porifera, Dictyoceratida, Thorectidae) and descriptions of two new genera and seven new species, pp. 201-241 in Zootaxa 5346 (3)</i> on pages 226-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5346.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8390072">http://zenodo.org/record/8390072</a>
Pervasive Technologies and Support for Independent Living
No full textA broad range of pervasive technologies are used in many domains, including healthcare: however, there appears to be little work examining the role of such technologies in the home, or the different wants and needs of elderly users. Additionally, there exist ethical issues surrounding the use of highly personal healthcare-related data, and interface issues centred on the novelty of the technologies and the disabilities experienced by the users. This report examines these areas, before considering the ways in which they might come together to help support independent-living users with disabilities which may be age-related
- …
