15,277 research outputs found
Sichuan (China), lakes on the saddle below mountains
No full textLakes on the Hai-Tze-Shan saddle below Djara Peak.Image is part of research condcuted by J. Hanson-Lowe for the article: Notes on the Pleistocene Glaciation of the South Chinese-Tibetan Borderland
Author(s): J. Hanson-Lowe
Source: Geographical Review, Vol. 37, No. 1 (Jan., 1947), pp. 70-87
Published by: American Geographical Society
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/211362http://www.jstor.org/stable/211362Grayscal
Teruelius intertidalis Lowe & Kovařík 2019, comb. n.
No full textTeruelius intertidalis (Lourenço, 1999) comb. n. 1♀ (holotype, Figs. 207, 222, 495–515), Toliara Province, 3.5 km north of Tulear, IV. 1998, leg. N. Lutzmann (ZMUH); 1♂ 1♀ (Fig. 85), No. 1485 (FKCP, GLPC).Published as part of Lowe, Graeme & Kovařík, František, 2019, Review of Grosphus Simon 1880 with description of Teruelius gen n a new buthid genus from Madagascar (Scorpiones Buthidae), pp. 1-128 in Euscorpius 281 on page 61, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2019.vol2019.iss281.1, http://zenodo.org/record/714361
Impaired neural development in a zebrafish model for lowe syndrome
No full textLowe syndrome, which is characterized by defects in the central nervous system, eyes and kidneys, is caused by mutation of the phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase OCRL1. The mechanisms by which loss of OCRL1 leads to the phenotypic manifestations of Lowe syndrome are currently unclear, in part, owing to the lack of an animal model that recapitulates the disease phenotype. Here, we describe a zebrafish model for Lowe syndrome using stable and transient suppression of OCRL1 expression. Deficiency of OCRL1, which is enriched in the brain, leads to neurological defects similar to those reported in Lowe syndrome patients, namely increased susceptibility to heat-induced seizures and cystic brain lesions. In OCRL1-deficient embryos, Akt signalling is reduced and there is both increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation, most strikingly in the neural tissue. Rescue experiments indicate that catalytic activity and binding to the vesicle coat protein clathrin are essential for OCRL1 function in these processes. Our results indicate a novel role for OCRL1 in neural development, and support a model whereby dysregulation of phosphoinositide metabolism and clathrin-mediated membrane traffic leads to the neurological symptoms of Lowe syndrome. © The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved
Teruelius feti Lowe & Kovařík 2019, comb. n.
No full textTeruelius feti (Lourenço, 1996) comb. n. 2 juv ♂ (holotype, Figs. 459–472, paratype), Toliara Province, Fôret de Vohilema, 35 km SE Sakaraha, 22°41.0’S 44°49.8’E, 780 m a. s. l., 17–24.I.1996, leg. S. M. Goodman (FMNH holotype 11031, paratype 11032); 2♀ (topotypes of G. makay, Figs. 210, 226, 459a), Toliara Province, Makay Mts., (FKCP).Published as part of Lowe, Graeme & Kovařík, František, 2019, Review of Grosphus Simon 1880 with description of Teruelius gen n a new buthid genus from Madagascar (Scorpiones Buthidae), pp. 1-128 in Euscorpius 281 on page 61, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2019.vol2019.iss281.1, http://zenodo.org/record/714361
Teruelius bistriatus Lowe & Kovařík 2019, comb. n.
No full text<i>Teruelius bistriatus</i> (Kraepelin, 1900) comb. n. <p>1♂ 1♀ (syntypes, Figs. 204, 221, 433–458), Tullear, Makabo, 5.VII.1900, ZMUH.</p>Published as part of <i>Lowe, Graeme & Kovařík, František, 2019, Review of Grosphus Simon 1880 with description of Teruelius gen n a new buthid genus from Madagascar (Scorpiones Buthidae), pp. 1-128 in Euscorpius 281</i> on page 61, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2019.vol2019.iss281.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7143610">http://zenodo.org/record/7143610</a>
Teruelius annulatus Lowe & Kovařík 2019, comb. n.
No full textTeruelius annulatus (Fage, 1929) comb. n. 4♂ 1♀ (Figs. 77, 203, 218, 422–432) 1juv. (♂), Toliara Province, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Andranovao camp, 15 m a. s. l., 24°01.505’S 43°44.306’E, 2014 (FKCP, GLPC); 1♀, Isalo Mts, Ranohira near Tulear, 1998 (FKCP).Published as part of Lowe, Graeme & Kovařík, František, 2019, Review of Grosphus Simon 1880 with description of Teruelius gen n a new buthid genus from Madagascar (Scorpiones Buthidae), pp. 1-128 in Euscorpius 281 on page 61, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2019.vol2019.iss281.1, http://zenodo.org/record/714361
Barbaracurus zambonellii Kovařík & Lowe & Šťáhlavský 2018, comb. n.
No full textBarbaracurus zambonellii (Borelli, 1902) comb. n. (Figures 7, 28, 36, 58–61, 79–80, 88–89, 219–244, 248– 251, 261–262, 265, Table 1) Babycurus zambonellii Borelli, 1902: 1–4; Hirst, 1907: 209; Kraepelin, 1913: 181; Caporiacco, 1947: 232; Probst, 1973: 329; Lamoral & Reynders, 1975: 498; Kovařík, 1998: 104 (in part); Fet & Lowe, 2000: 80 (in part); Lowe, 2000: 185–191 (in part); Kovařík, 2000: 260–261 (in part); Kovařík, 2003: 137 (? in part); Chiarle et al., 2012: 21. TYPE LOCALITY AND HOLOTYPE DEPOSITORY. Eritrea, Chenafena; MZUT. MATERIAL EXAMINED. Eritrea, Chenafena (14.786N 39.018E), 1♀ (holotype), MZUT; Filfil, Salamuna river, 15°36'34.6"N 38°57'22.8"E, 817 m a.s.l., 3.-4.XI.2015, (Figs. 224–225, Locality No. 15 EH), 3♂ 3♀1♀ im.3juvs. (No. 876, Figs. 28, 36, 219–223, 226–244, 258–251, 258–259), leg. F. Kovařík, FKCP. DIAGNOSIS. Total length of adult males 32–35 mm, adult females 46–52 mm. Coloration yellowish brown to grey with darker markings, chelicerae yellow without or with traces of reticulation. Pedipalp chela manus much wider in male than female, chela length/width ratio 3.42 in males and 4.29 in female; proximal margins of pedipalp fingers of female straight (Figs. 61, 231), of male undulate so as to leave a gap with fingers closed (Figs. 59, 233); dentate margin of movable finger armed with 7 rows of granules, and a short apical row of 3–4 denticles (Fig. 7); most proximal granule row with one external accessory granule. Pectines with 17–19 teeth in both sexes. Hemispermatophore basal lobe a weak, oblique carina (Figs. 28, 36). Metasoma narrow, metasoma V length/width ratio is 2.40–2.46 in males and 2.56–2.58 in females (Figs. 76–77); metasoma I with 10 carinae, II–IV with 8 carinae. Telson setose, bearing numerous long macrosetae and short, pointed subaculear tubercle; vesicle smooth, elongate, ellipsoidal, slightly bulbous, telson length/depth ratio 2.27–2.37 in both sexes; aculeus slender, curved, shorter than vesicle. NOTE. In his original description, Borelli (1902: 3) assumed that the holotype was a male, and this was accepted by most subsequent authors. Only Lowe (2000: 190–191) questioned this assumption, observing that the holotype exhibited some characters more consistent with females of other species of Babycurus sensu lato, and noted that “Study of additional material is needed to clarify variation and sexual dimorphism in B. zambonellii ”. Recently, the first author (F.K.) was able to finally settle this question by collecting additional material representing both sexes of B. zambonellii. The new specimens clearly demonstrated that the holotype is indeed female, not male. B. zambonellii is an Eritrean endemic and the female which Sissom (1994) cited from Yemen represents a new species which we describe here as B. yemenensis sp. n. COMMENTS ON LOCALITY AND LIFE STRATEGY. The first author (F.K.) visited the locality 15EH (Figs. 224–225), a montane, forested habitat along a riverbed of an occasional river, on 3–4 November 2015. At this locality, the author recorded a maximum daytime temperature of 30.3 ºC, and minimum nighttime temperatures of 19.6 ºC. The recorded humidity was between 46% and 92%. In addition to B. zambonellii the first author also recorded Hottentotta minax (L. Koch, 1875) at this locality.Published as part of Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme & Šťáhlavský, František, 2018, Review of the genus Babycurus Karsch, 1886 (Arachnida, Scorpiones, Buthidae), with descriptions of Barbaracurus gen. n. and two new species from Oman and Yemen, pp. 1-41 in Euscorpius 267 on pages 33-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.654415
Sichuan (China), hanging valleys formed by glaciers
No full textHanging valley on left-hand wall of valley below, and to east of the Sara La.Image is part of research condcuted by J. Hanson-Lowe for the article: Notes on the Pleistocene Glaciation of the South Chinese-Tibetan Borderland
Author(s): J. Hanson-Lowe
Source: Geographical Review, Vol. 37, No. 1 (Jan., 1947), pp. 70-87
Published by: American Geographical Society
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/211362http://www.jstor.org/stable/211362Grayscal
Sichuan (China), view of mountains across from Litang plain
No full textLooking across the Litang plain from somewhat east of that town. The "Lama's Hat" peak lies in the center of the picture and is flanked by corries.Image is part of research conducted by J. Hanson-Lowe for the article: Notes on the Pleistocene Glaciation of the South Chinese-Tibetan Borderland
Author(s): J. Hanson-Lowe
Source: Geographical Review, Vol. 37, No. 1 (Jan., 1947), pp. 70-87
Published by: American Geographical Society
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/211362http://www.jstor.org/stable/211362Grayscal
Leiurus macroctenus Lowe & Yağmur & Kovařík 2014, sp. n.
No full textLeiurus macroctenus sp. n. (Figs. 12–22, 58A, 59A–B, 87G, 88G, 89G, 90G, 91B, 92H–I, 93H, 95, 98–100, Tabs. 1, 3B, 4) http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:55E2C0 48-986D-43A2-AF63-5874138435D6 REFERENCES Buthus quinquestriatus: Finnegan, 1932: 91–92 (in part; record from Wadi Ghabartan). Leiurus quinquestriatus: Gallagher, 1978: 36–37; Lowe, 1993: 2; Kovařík 1998: 112 (in part); Fet & Lowe, 2000: 155 (in part); Lowe, 2001: 176; Fet et. al., 2003: 3; Soleglad & Fet, 2003b: 149, fig. B-1, B-2; Hendrixson 2006: 84–91, fig. 18 (in part, record from Oman). Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus: Kamenz & Prendini, 2008: 40. Leiurus sp.: Lowe, 2010a: 23; Lowe, 2010b: 26, 37. HOLOTYPE. Adult ♂, Oman, Nejd Desert; S of Thumrait, UV detection, fine silty soil, open plain with rock outcrops and small wadis, 17°30.76'N 54°02.76'E, 580 m a.s.l., 16.X.1993, 19:28 h, leg. G. Lowe, NHMB. PARATYPES. Oman: 2 ♂, Thamarit, Dhofar, sand & rock (limestone), 17°38'N 54°01'E, 350 m a.s.l., I.1980, leg. J.N. Barnes & M.D. Gallagher MDG 5954 (MNHN); 2 ♀, Thamarit, Dhofar, sand & rock, 17°38'N 54°01'E, 350 m a.s.l., I.1980, leg. J.N. Barnes & M.D. Gallagher MDG 5952, 5953 (MNHN); 1 immature ♀, nr Thamarit, Dhofar, under object on gravel in wadi, 17°41'N 54°03'E, 440 m a.s.l., 22. II.1980, leg. J.N. Barnes & M.D. Gallagher MDG 5973 (MNHN); 1 ♂, nr Thamarit, Dhofar, 17°42'N 54°02'E, 440 m a.s.l., 4. III.1980, leg. J.N. Barnes & M.D. Gallagher MDG 5972 (MNHN); 1 juv, nr Thamarit, Dhofar, on sand, 17°40'N 54°02'E, 450 m a.s.l., 22. III.1980, leg. J.N. Barnes 50A (MNHN); 1 juv, nr Thamarit, Dhofar, under object on sand, 17°40'N 54°02'E, 450 m a.s.l., 22.III.1980, leg. J.N. Barnes 54 (NHMB); 1 juv, nr Thamarit, Dhofar, 17°40'N 54°02'E, 450 m a.s.l., 22.III.1980, leg. J.N. Barnes 52 (NHMB); 1 juv, nr Thamarit, Dhofar, under object on sand, 17°40'N 54°02'E, 450 m a.s.l., 22. III.1980, leg. J.N. Barnes 37 (MNHN); 1 ♂, nr Thamarit, Dhofar, under rock, 17°41'N 54°02'E, 450 m a.s.l., 23.III.1980, leg. J.N. Barnes (NHMB); 1 juv, nr Thamarit, Dhofar, under object on sand, 17°40'N 54°00'E, 450 m a.s.l., 24.III.1980, leg. J.N. Barnes 35 (NHMB); 1 ♀, nr Thamarit, Dhofar, under object on sand, 17°40'N 54°00'E, 450 m a.s.l., 24.III.1980, leg. J.N. Barnes (NHMB); 1 ♂, nr Thamarit, Dhofar, 17°41'N 54°03'E, 450 m a.s.l., 24.III.1980, leg. J.N. Barnes 33 (NHMB); 1 juv, nr Thamarit, Dhofar, on sand, 17°40'N 54°02'E, 450 m a.s.l., 24.III.1980, leg. J.N. Barnes 55, (NHMB); 1 juv, nr Thamarit, Dhofar, on gravel, 17°40'N 54°02'E, 450 m a.s.l., 30.III.1980, leg. J.N. Barnes 58 (NHMB); 1 ♂, 3 mi. NW of Thamarit, under sack on sand, 17°43'N 54°00'E, 420 m a.s.l., 8. III.1980, leg. M.D. Gallagher MDG 5971 (MNHN); 1 ♂, 4 mi. NE of Thamarit, Dhofar, in soft sand under sack in green wadi, 17°42'N 54°03'E, 8. III.1980, leg. J.N. Barnes & M.D. Gallagher MDG 5975 (MNHN); 1 ♂, nr Al Ashkara, 22°00'N 59°40'E, XII.1980, leg. A.B. Paltrinieri (NHMB 17bq); 1 ♂, Yalooni, Jiddat al Harasis, in house, sand on stony plateau, 19°57'N 57°07'E, 154 m a.s.l., 22.IV.1982, leg. M.D. Gallagher MDG 6428/1,2 (ONHM); 1 ♂, Wadi Haytam, sandy depression in rocks, 19°11'N 57°00'E, 13.V.1983, leg. M.D. Gallagher MDG 6770 (NHMB); 1 ♂, Thamarit, under rock on soft sand, 17°42'N 53°59'E, 24. V.1983, leg. J.N. Barnes 126 (BMNH); 1 ♂, Thamarit, under rock on soft sand, 17°42'N 53°59'E, 24. V.1983, leg. J.N. Barnes 125 (ONHM); 1 ♂, Yalooni, Jiddat al Harasis, 19°57'N 57°06'E, 154 m a.s.l., 17.XII.1984, leg. M.D. Gallagher (NHMB); 1 juv, Qarhat Mu'ammar, 21°38'N 59°18'E, 130 m a.s.l., 28.II.1986, leg. W. Büttiker (NHMB 17bt); 1 ♀, Ra's al Hadd, on sand under object, 0.5 km from sea, 22°31.8'N 59°46'E, 5 m a.s.l., 3.II.1988, 10:00 h, leg. M.D. Gallagher MDG 8020 (NHMB 17br); 1 juv, Huqf, central Oman, under rock on sand, 20°53'N 57°36'E, 15.III.1988, 14:00 h, M.D. Gallagher MDG 8031 (NHMB 17bs); 1 ♂, between Bani bu Ali & Al Ashkharah, 3 km W Qumaylah turning, under rubbish on sand, 21°56'N 59°35'E, 17.I.1991, leg. S.M. Farook & A.S. Gardner (MNHN); 1 ♂, 1♀, 3 km N of Khubah, 22°16'N 59°48'E, 11.II.1993, leg. A.S. Gardner (NHMB); 6 ♂, between Khabbah & Daffah, under stones on limestone plateau, 22°15'N 59°48'E, 29.VIII.1993, leg. A.S. Gardner & S.M. Farook (NHMB); 6 ♂, 4 ♀, 5 juvs, S of Thumrait, Nejd Desert, UV detection, near or partly in burrows, fine silty soil, open plain rock outcrops & small wadis, 17°30.76'N 54°02.76'E, 580 m a.s.l., 16.X.1993, 19:28 h, leg. G. Lowe (NHMB); 4 ♂, 4 ♀, 4 juvs, S of Thumrait, Nejd Desert, UV detection, on soil & at mouths of burrows, fine silty soil, open plain rock outcrops & small wadis, 17°30.8'N 54°02.94'E, 580 m a.s.l., 16.X.1993, 20:57 h, leg. G. Lowe (NHMB, ONHM 1 ♀, WDS 1 ♂); 1 ♂, Salalah-Thumrait road, Nejd Desert, UV detection, on ground, hills near main road, 17°25.56'N 54°03.14'E, 600 m a.s.l., 16.X.1993, 21:49 h, leg. G. Lowe (NHMB); 1 juv, E of Thumrait, road to Marmul, UV detection, open desert plain, sparse vegetation, 17°38.99'N 54°08.29'E, 500 m a.s.l., 19.X.1993, 21:10 h, leg. G. Lowe (NHMB); 3 ♂, 2 ♀, E of Thumrait, road to Marmul, UV detection, open plain, low rocky hills, 17°38.33'N 54°07.77'E, 500 m a.s.l., 19.X.1993, 21:31 h, leg. G. Lowe (ONHM); 3 ♂, 1 juv, S of Thumrait, Nejd Desert, UV detection, open alluvial plain with rock outcrops and small wadis, on fine soil & partially in burrows, 17°30.77'N 54°02.82'E, 600 m a.s.l., 19.X. 1993, 23:02 h, leg. G. Lowe (NHMB); 2 juvs, Yalooni, UV detection, on gravel plain with Prosopis woodland, 19°57'N 57°06'E, 150 m a.s.l., 21.X.1993, leg. M. Fisher (NHMB); 2 juvs, Yalooni, on sand, amongst fallen twigs, clear moonless sky, slight breeze, 19°56'N 57°05'E, 154 m a.s.l., 15.III.1994, 22:00 h, leg. M.D. Gallagher MDG 8564.3-4 (NHMB); 1 ♀, 2 km N of Yalooni, Jiddat Al Harasis, under barrel with beetles on sand, 19°58'N 57°07'E, 154 m a.s.l., 17.III.1994, 13:30 h, leg. M.D. Gallagher MDG 8569 (NHMB); 1 juv, nr Ad Daffah, low dunes, below rocky escarpment, 22° 15'N 59°48'E, 24.XI.1994, leg. A.S. Gardner (NHMB); 1 juv, Jabal Qara, hilltop, UV detection, 17°14.51'N 54°04.25'E, 800 m a.s.l., 30.IV.1995, leg. J. Dundon (NHMB); 1 ♂, Jabal Qara, hilltop, UV detection, 17° 14.51'N 54°04.25'E, 800 m a.s.l., 30.IV.1995, leg. J. Dundon (USNM); 1 ♀, 2 juvs, Masirah Island, north Masirah, east coast, low rock littered slopes, compact silty soil, UV detection, 20°34.48'N 58°55.36'E, 25 m a.s.l., 20.IX.1995, 19:50 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (NHMB); 1 ♂, 1♀, Masirah Island, north Masirah, east coast, UV detection near edge of wide wadi with small side wadis, from edges of slopes, 20°35.68'N 58°53.98'E, 20 m a.s.l., 20.IX.1995, 21:10 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (NHMB); 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Masirah Island, north Masirah, east coast, wadi with row of trees & flowing water close to beach with hermit crabs, UV detection on gravelly ground away from trees, 20°39.78'N 58°54.28'E, 5 m a.s.l., 20.IX.1995, 22:30 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (MNHN); 1 ♂, 3 ♀, 6 juvs, Masirah Island, north Masirah, east coast, UV detection on sand and gravel, by row of trees along wadi with flowing water, 20°40.14'N 58°54.4'E, 20.IX.1995, 23:20 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (GL); 1 ♀, 2 juvs, Masirah Island, north Masirah, east coast, UV detection, near beach, gravelly/ silty flat with shrubs, 20°41.01'N 58°54.63'E, 21.IX.1995, 0:05 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (BMNH); 1 ♂, 5 ♀, 3 juvs, Masirah Island, south Masirah, base of Jabal Suwayr, seepage area with trees & standing water at base of Jabal rock and boulder slopes, UV detection on sand & gravel plain below not far from beach, 20°11.65'N 58°39.42'E, 20 m a.s.l., 21.IX.1995, 18:10 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (NHMB); 3 ♂, 8 ♀, 3 juvs, Masirah Island, south Masirah, Wadi Qitaar, UV detection on sand deposits along edges of wide sandy wadi, 20°13.78'N 58°38.4'E, 20 m a.s.l., 21.IX.1995, 21:20 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (NHMB); 6 ♂, 11 ♀, 5 juvs, Masirah Island, south Masirah, UV detection on sand, area with shrubs by low rocky hills, 20°16.05'N 58°38'E, 25 m a.s.l., 21.IX.1995, 22:30 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (ONHM); 2 ♂, 3 ♀, 5 juvs, Masirah Island, UV detection on sand in wide wadi system, densely vegetated with low shrubs, 20°23.48'N 58°41.32'E, 30 m a.s.l., 21.IX.1995, 23:50 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (NHMB); 1 ♂, Masirah Island, north Masirah, west coast, SE of Dafiyat, under wood debris on ground, gravel flat, 20°35.28'N 58°50.76'E, 22.IX.1995, 0:50 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (BMNH); 1 ♀, nr Duqm, cliff with nearby wadi and trees, 19°36.06'N 57°37.29'E, 50 m a.s.l., 23.IX.1995, 18:50 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (MZUF); 1 ♂, 3 juvs, nr Duqm, UV detection, 19°30.59'N 57°34.9'E, 95 m a.s.l., 23. IX.1995, 18:40 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (NHMB); 2 ♂, 1 juv, nr Duqm, UV detection, vegetated wadi, 19°33.53'N 57°37.38'E, 75 m a.s.l., 23.IX.1995, 23:00 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (MNHN); 1 ♂, 1♀, E. of Duqm, UV detection on ground, densely vegetated wadi, 19°39'N 57°40'E, 30 m a.s.l., 23. IX.1995, 23:50 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (NHMB); 11 ♂, 8 ♀, 10 juvs, N edge of Wadi Dirif, UV detection on sandy substrate, rocky knoll overlooking wadi and on open flats of wadi, 18°57.51'N 57°21.73'E, 20 m a.s.l., 24.IX.1995, 18:40 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (NHMB); 1 ♂, 1♀, Wadi Dirif, above beach zone, UV detection, fine silty soil by rock outcrops, 18°57.57'N 57°20.63'E, 5 m a.s.l., 24.IX.1995, 23:30 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (MCZN); 4 ♂, 2 juvs, Wadi Dirif, W edge of wadi, UV detection on sand, 18°57.2'N 57°20.63'E, 10 m a.s.l., 24.IX.1995, 23:40 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (BMNH); 13 juvs, Wadi Dirif, E edge of wadi, UV detection, rock outcrops on sand, 18°57.1'N 57°20.71'E, 10 m a.s.l., 25.IX.1995, 0:25 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (ONHM); 6 ♂, 6 ♀, Wadi Dirif, E edge of wadi, UV detection on sand, with rocks, 18°57.1'N 57°20.71'E, 10 m a.s.l., 25.IX.1995, 0:25 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (NHMB); 1 juv, Wadi Dirif, dunes by road, UV detection on sand, 18°57.07'N 57°20.09'E, 20 m a.s.l., 24.IX.1995, 22:50 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (NHMB); 4 juvs, Wadi Shuwaymiyah, UV detection, base of cliff along southern edge of wadi, sand and loose rock along base, 17°54.9'N 55°34.63'E, 25.IX.1995, 22:00 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (NHMB); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, coast W of Shuwaymiyah, UV detection on sand, wide sandy wadi along coast, gentle slopes up to cliffs on edges, 17°53.91'N 55°39.16'E, 5 m a.s.l., 25.IX.1995, 23:40 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (FKCP); 2 ♂, 2 juvs, plateau between Shalim & Ash Shuwaymiyah, UV detection, open rocky windswept plateau with sparse shrubs ground with bare rock and patches of soil, strong wind, 18°02.44'N 55°36.91'E, 265 m a.s.l., 26.IX.1995, 1:32 h, leg. G. Lowe & M.D. Gallagher (GL); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 2 juvs, Saiwan, Rudist outcrop, 20°42.94'N 57°36.96'E, 20. II.1996, leg. A.S. Gardner (ONHM); 1 ♂, Marmul, 18°10.09'N 0°14.76'E (FKCP); 1 ♂, 30 km N of Haima, near Haylat Harashif, dry level sand desert, in large open area, arid gravel desert, 20°11.43'N 56°33.58'E, 6. XII. 1996, leg. M.D. Gallagher MDG 8798 (FKCP); 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Khawr Dirif, on sand under small plants and rocks, 18°56.7'N 57°20.73'E, 5 m a.s.l., 7. XII.1996, leg. I.D. Harrison & M.D. Gallagher MDG 8802 (USNM); 3 ♂, 3 ♀, 5 juvs, 20km N of Liqbi, Sahil al Jazr, sand and scrub, 18°24.17'N 56°33.95'E, 15 m a.s.l., 8.XII.1996, leg. I.D. Harrison & M.D. Gallagher MDG 8805 (NHMB); 11 ♂, 1♀, 1 juv, Thumrait, wadi area SE of Thumrait and golf course, 17°42'N 53°59'E, 11-12. II – 9.X.1997, leg. J.N. Barnes (ONHM, EV 1 ♂); 1 ♂, Huqf, on open sand between bushes at foot of low hills, three quarter moon, strong wind, 20°25.7'N 57°26.42'E, 18.IV.1997, M.D. Gallagher MDG 8859 (ONHM); 3 ♂, 2 ♀, 4 juvs, Ra's Al Ghubbah, hiding under shrubs from three quarter moon, on sand over rock slope from beach, 20°07.95'N 57°49.77'E, 5 - 20 m a.s.l., 19.IV.1997, 19:00–21:00 h, leg. M.D. Gallagher & I.D. & M. Harrison MDG 8866 (NHMB); 8 ♂, 2 ♀, Duhai, low aeolianite hilltop & slope to sand, to edge of trees, 500 m 2 area, 21°06.26'N 58°22.29'E, 70 m a.s.l., 21.X.1997, leg. M.D. Gallagher & I.D. Harrison MDG 8889, (ONHM 2 ♀, GL); 4 ♀, 1 juv, NE of Ras Al Jibsh, slope of sand and scrub hummocks, between sea and rocky mountains, on rocks, sand and under scrub, 21°35.4'N 59°25.1'E, 100 m a.s.l., 19. II.1998, leg. J. Peterson, I.D. Harrison & M.D. Gallagher MDG 8945 (MZUF); 6 ♂, 1♀, 2 juvs, N of Al Ashkharah, beach sand, scrub and rocks, most hiding in scrub from three quarter moon, 21°54.7'N 59°36.78'E, 2 m a.s.l., 7.IV.1998, leg. I.D., S. & R. Harrison. & M.D. Gallagher (NHMB); 1 ♂, E. of Hayma, on sparse vegetation, 19°46.05'N 56°35.77'E, 3.X.1998, leg. I.D. Harrison (NHMB); 3 ♂, 1♀, 1 juv, between Al Ashkharah and A'Seelal, under small bushes, 21°55.4'N 59°37. 67'E, 21.XI.1998, leg. I.D. Harrison (MNHN); 1 juv, Jiddat al Harasis nr Habab (site F/9), under rocks in road cut, 19°42.28'N 56°48.72'E, 250 m a.s.l., 29.XII. 1998, 14:45 h, leg. A. Winkler & B. Winkler (NHMB); 5 ♂, 2 juvs, nr Al Ashkharah, on grass, on sandy plain between sea & mountains, 21°54'N 59°36'E, 15.IV.1999, leg. I.D. & S.E. Harrison (NHMB); 1 ♀, nr Ras Khaysat al Liiyakh, ca. 20 km N Ras Madrakah, Al Wusta region, sitting under small plant 30 cm × 30 cm, 19° 13.5'N 57°45'E, 21.IX.2000, leg. R. Harrison & S. Harrison (ONHM); 1 ♂, Al Hayl, by rock, in rock/ pebble strewn sand on low ridge overlooking wide sandy wadi, 20°42'N 58°15'E, 11.XI.2001, leg. I.D. Harrison (ONHM); 2 ♂, Wadi Abaytham, under rock on low ridge overlooking wadi, sparse vegetation on ridge, denser in wadi, 18°58'N 57°36'E, 12.XI.2001, leg. I.D. Harrison (MCZN); 1 ♀, S Duqm (site F/24), UV detection, in small dunes, mouth of burrow, 19°26.75'N 57°35.78'E, 147 m a.s.l., 26.XII.2001, 19:00–20:00 h, leg. A. Winkler (NHMB); 1 juv, S Duqm (site F/24), UV detection, in small dunes, mouth of burrow, 19°26.75'N 57°35.78'E, 147 m a.s.l., 27.XII.2001, 04:00–05:00 h, leg. A. Winkler (NHMB); 1 ♀ subadult, 3 juvs, Al– Saadanat, 19°20.37'N 57°35.47'E, 97 m a.s.l., 18. III. 2014, leg. D. Hoferek (FKCP); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, UV detection 20:00–22:00 h, Wadi Dirif, 18°56.51'N 57°20.73'E, 7 m a.s.l. 19. III.2014, leg. D. Hoferek (FKCP); 4 ♀, UV detection 20:00–22:00 h, Shalím, 18°02.46'N 55°36. 93'E, 290 m a.s.l., 20. III.2014, leg. D. Hoferek (FKCP). ETYMOLOGY. The name macroctenus (= ‘large comb’) refers to the large size of the pectine teeth in both sexes, which distinguishes this species from other members of the genus. DIAGNOSIS (adults). Medium to large Leiurus, 61–88 mm in length, carapace L 7.1–10.2 mm, base color yellow to pale orange, carapace with limited fuscosity on median interocular tubercle; metasoma V slightly fuscous to dark except for posterior end; carapace with area between anterior median carinae smooth or bearing sparse medium to fine granules, area between posterior median carinae with moderately deep median furrow flanked by lateral arcs of medium to fine granules; medial intercarinal surfaces of tergites II – III densely shagreened and granulated; posterior margin of coxa III smooth or with sparse, fine granules; metasoma robust to moderately slender, metasoma II L/ W 1.48 –1.82, metasoma III L/ W 1.59 –2.03, metasoma IV L/ W 1.87 –2.40; ventromedian carinae of metasoma II and III with 14–23 denticles (78/80 carinae); metasoma V with enlarged subtriangular or lobate denticles on ventrolateral carinae; pedipalps moderately slender, patella L/W ♂ 2.83– 3.64, ♀ 2.55–3.32; leg III patella L/D ♂ 3.43–4.48, ♀ 3.38–4.00; pectine teeth ♂ 33–43, ♀ 30–37; pectines large, broad, pectine L/ carapace L ♂ 1.15–1.52, ♀ 1.03–1.26, mid-pectine sensillar margin L/ metasoma I W ♂ 0.216 –0.254, ♀ 0.156 –0.203; basal 3–6 pectine teeth of males overlap if anterior pectine margins aligned to posterior margins of coxae IV; pectine basal piece lightly, finely shagreened; leg III basitarsus with 15–26 retrosuperior setae; pedipalp chela fixed finger with trichobothrium db either distal or proximal to est; sternite VII with area between median carinae smooth or slightly roughened anteriorly; sternite carination: males: sternite III with median carinae strong, sternites IV– V with lateral carinae moderate to strong, median carinae weak or obsolete, shagreened; females: sternite III with median carinae weak and finely granulated, or smooth and obsolete, sternites IV– V with lateral carinae weak or moderate, finely granulated, median carinae obsolete. COMPARISONS. L. macroctenus sp. n. is distinguished from most other species of Leiurus by its large pectine teeth, a distinction that is more pronounced when comparing females, and by strongly overlapping basal pectine teeth of males. The male of L. brachycentrus also has large pectine teeth, but the teeth of females are much smaller than those of female L. macroctenus. The number of retrosuperior setae in the basitarsal bristle combs of L. macroctenus is significantly higher than in other species, which is likely an adaptation to soft sandy substrates. DESCRIPTION (holotype male). Coloration. Base color pale orange or yellow; melanic pigmentation confined to patches around median ocular tubercle and carinae of interocular triangle; ventromedian carinae of metasoma II–IV without pigmentation; metasoma V darkened except for distal portion of segment. Carapace. Subrectangular, W/L 0.97, with steep lateral flanks; top nearly flat, with median eyes strongly raised; interocular triangle convex laterally, depressed medially; anterior margin very slightly emarginate, minutely denticulate laterally with several fine median granules, bordered by row of coarse granules; 11 short macrosetae on anterior margin, carapace otherwise devoid of macrosetae; 5 lateral eyes (3 large, 2 small) on each side; carination: anterior median, central lateral, posterior median and posterior lateral carinae strongly developed, coarsely granular; supraocular section of superciliary carinae with weaker granulation (likely due to abrasion), postocular section coarsely granular; anterior median carinae not extending to anterior margin of carapace, separated from anterior marginal row of granules; central lateral and posterior median carinae fused into lyre configuration; central median carinae coarsely granular, bifurcated, posterior branch weakly curved; posterior lateral carinae curved with lateral extension, projecting past posterior margin of carapace; lateral ocular carinae moderate, with small, spaced granules; granulation: sparse patches of 11 medium to large granules on anterolateral corners of interocular triangle, 7–8 small and large granules in front of lateral ocular carinae; surface between anterior median carinae sparsely, finely shagreened with few isolated small granules; other intercarinal surfaces smooth or faintly microshagreened or with isolated small granules; posterior median furrow very shallow, nearly flat, with few fine granules or micro-shagreened along median line, flanked by lateral arcs of small to medium granules; posterior margin of carapace between posterior lateral carinae rimmed by regular row of small contiguous granules. Chelicera. Dorsal surface of manus smooth, glabrous, with 6 short, pale microsetae, 3 near apical margin, 3 subapical, each surrounded by granules; dorsointernal carina at base of fixed finger strong, well granulated, terminating anteriorly with prominent granules projecting over front of manus; single long macroseta in middle of dorsointernal carina; dorsal surface of movable finger smooth, with 4 pale microsetae; fingers with characteristic buthid dentition (Vachon, 1963); movable finger dorsal margin with 5 teeth: dorsal distal tine, subdistal, median and 2 basal teeth fused in bicusp; ventral margin with 3 teeth: ventral distal tine, median and basal teeth; fixed finger margin with 4 teeth: distal tine, subdistal, median and basal teeth; ventral aspect of fixed finger with 2 teeth. Coxosternal area. Coxae smooth; coxal endite II with weak, finely granulated carina; coxae II–III with coarsely granular anterior carinae, distal margins bearing medium to coarse granules; proximal 1/3 of anterior carina of coxa III finely granulate; 3 long macrosetae along anterior carina of coxa II, 3 macrosetae along anterior carina of coxa III; anterior carina of coxa IV with regular small to medium granulation, with single proximal macroseta; posterior margin of coxa IV with very finely granulated carina on proximal half; sternum with scattered fine granules, subtriangular with slightly convex, nearly straight lateral margins, deep posteromedian longitudinal sulcus and pit with finely granulated posterior lip, two short macrosetae; genital opercula smooth with 4 short macrosetae. Pectines. Basal piece with concave anterior margin divided by small median groove, surface finely shagreened medially, almost smooth laterally; 4 short macrosetae on anterior margin, 1 posteromedial; pectines long, tips extending past proximal 4/5 of trochanter IV; pectines with 3 marginal lamellae, small accessory lamella distal to first marginal lamella, 9 middle lamellae, 38–39
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