912 research outputs found
Recollections of past days: the autobiography of Patience Loader Rozsa Archer
No full textEdited by Sandra Ailey Petree.Includes bibliographical references and index.For visitors to the Martin's Cove historic site in Wyoming, Patience Loader has become an icon of the disastrous winter entrapment of the Martin and Willie handcart companies. Her record of those events is important, but there is much else of interest in her autobiography. In fact, it is a bit unusual that someone such as her would have left such an engaging record of her life."Reccolections of past days": England, 1827-December 1855 -- On the John J. Boyd, December 1855-February 1856 -- America, February-July 1856 -- Starting Westward, July 3-July 28, 1856 -- On the Plains, July 28-November 30, 1856 -- In the Valley, November 30, 1856-December 1858 -- Camp Floyd, December 1858-July 27, 1861 -- On the Trail to Washington, July 27-November 1861 -- Washington, November 1861-April 1866 -- Back to Utah, April 18-July 21, 1866 -- Back in the Valley, July 21, 1866-1872 -- Afterword -- Appendix 1: James and Amy Britnell Loader Family -- Appendix 2: John and Patience Loader Rozsa Family -- Appendix 3: The Latter-day Saints Millennial Star on Handcart Emigration, December 22, 1855 -- Appendix 4: The Mormon on Handcart Emigration, December 1, 1855 -- Appendix 5: Patience Loader to John Jaques and his reply, The Latter-day Saints Millennial Star, June 14, 1856 -- Appendix 6: Marshall Loader to Amy Britnell Loader, August 6, 1857 -- Appendix 7: Patience Loader Rozsa Archer to Tamar Loader Ricks, November 17, 1914
loader
No full textloader n[PT] ...so many for a team, horse team. Two choppers, a loader, an' a chainer,they call it, an' a swamper,you know - the feller that would make the roads.YesDNE-cit J. D. A. WIDDOWSON DEC 1972Used I and SupUsed I and Sup1Used Ibull dog, sealhead codChecked by Jordyn Hughes on Mon 27 Jul 201
Strack-Billerbeck, Orthodoxy and a Jewish New Testament
No full textOn the basis of the evidence of publications daing from the eighteenth century, this paper argues that the orthodox doctrine of the verbal inspiration the Bible caused extreme views on the language of the Old Testament which could maybe transferred to the "heathen" language of the New Testament. The resulting void was filled by focussing on the Jewish (read "Hebrew", thought of the New Testament. The work of Chistian Schoettgen, available the author in Vienna, is used in conjunction with the Critica sacra by Johan Gottlob Carpzov to develop the argument for the thesis. Some conclusions ardrawn
The 8.2 ka BP event in north eastern North America: first combined oxygen and hydrogen isotopic data from peat in Newfoundland.
No full textFinding direct evidence for atmospheric circulation change in terrestrial records of Holocene climate variability remains a fundamental challenge. Here we present the first combined stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic palaeorecord from a peatland core in Newfoundland, Canada. Sphagnum cellulose samples were isolated from a core from Nordan's Pond Bog, Newfoundland, and analysed for ?D values. Combined with existing ?18O data, the resulting ?D/?18O bi-plot correlates directly with existing measurements of the modern (late 20th century) isotopic composition of precipitation from GNIP stations in Nova Scotia and Labrador, implying a close relationship between the estimated isotopic composition of source water used by the mosses and that of the source precipitation. We use the relative variations between the two isotope records to test the hypothesis that atmospheric circulation changed in the millennium following the 8.2-ka BP climate event. The data reveal a secondary complex isotopic response ?200 years (8250–8050 a BP) after a primary oxygen isotopic event that is widespread in the north Atlantic region. This secondary event is characterized by a divergence in oxygen and hydrogen isotope records that can most plausibly be explained by the augmentation of precipitation moisture from a more distant and more continental vapour source
First karyological analysis of the endemic malagasy phantom gecko matoatoa brevipes (Squamata: Gekkonidae)
No full textThe genus Matoatoa includes two Malagasy endemic species, M. brevipes and M. spannringi. Due to their cryptic behaviour, the two species are known only from a handful of specimens and have been included in few molecular studies. Here we carried out a molecular barcoding analysis using a fragment of the mitochondrial NADH dehy-drogenase subunit 2 (ND2) and the first chromosomal analysis of M. brevipes. The molecular analysis confirmed the identity of the studied samples as M. brevipes. However, the level of genetic divergence (4% uncorrected p-distance) between our samples and other sequences of M. brevipes, suggests previously unrecognised diversity within the spe-cies. The karyotype of M. brevipes is composed of 2n = 34 chromosomes: the first pair is metacentric, while all the other pairs are telocentric and gradually decreasing in length (Arm Number, AN = 36). C-banding revealed little evidence of centromeric heterochromatin, while NOR-associated heterochromatin was found on the telomeres of a medi-um sized telocentric pair. No heteromorphic chromosome pairs were found in the karyotype of the species, suggesting that putative sex chromosomes are at an early stage of differentiation. Karyological comparisons with closely related species were performed with Christinus marmoratus, and representatives of the genera Phelsuma, Ebenavia, Paroedura and Uroplatus. Comparisons across genera suggest that chromosome diversification in this group of geckos probably occurred by means of chromosome fusions and inversions, leading to a reduction of the chromosome number and the formation of biarmed elements in different species
'n Hervormde tradisie as heelmiddel
No full textIn die Nederduitsch Hervonnde Kerk van Afrika is die odium theologicum geen vreemdeling nie. Daar is verskeie illustrasies van moontlik. Ben verskyningsvonn daarvan is die heftige polemiese trant van talle publikasies van S P Engelbrecht2, J G M Dreyer3 en andere. Dit staan in 'n ou Transvaalse tradisie, soos onder andere gesien kan word in die laat-negentiende-eeuse styl van M J Goddefroy4. Waar hierdie emosionele polemieke na buite plaasgevind het en telkens teen anti-Hervonners vir die Hervonnde Kerk in die bres getree het, het daar nou 'n binnekerklike twis losgebreek. Ook dit is nie by ons onbekend nie. Ons hoef maar net te dink aan die bitterhede van die Geysersage gedurende die sestigerjare en van die Artikel III-debat in die jare sewentig en tagtig. Die twis wat egter gedurende die negentigerjare in Hervonnde geledere gegroei het, laat die vroeere twiste klein lyk. Anders as in die afgelope drie dekades is dit nie meer enkelinge of 'n handjievol kritici wat redelik maklik ge'isoleer kan word nie. Nou' staan hele slagordes met wapperende vaandels in die kerk teenoor mekaar. Na die vergadering ter lewering van 'n 'Eietydse Getuienis' op 4 November 1995 en die verskyning van Die Hervonner van die halfjaar wat op die Vier-en-sestigste Algemene Kerk-vergadering gevolg het5, sou dit 'n oop deur intrap om hiervoor dokumentere bewys aan te voer. Daar word soms eufemisties na die meningsverskille wat in die laaste helfte van 1995 kookpunt bereik het, verwys as 'n 'debat'. As 'n waardige debat werklik ontwikkel, kan dit die Hervonnde Kerk en die beoefening van die teologie ten goede kom. In hierdie artikel beoog ek nie om aan die geveg deel te neem nie, maar weI om konstruktief by te dra tot wat 'n debat kan word
The water, energy and soil removal efficiency of a top and a front loader washing machine
No full textEnglish: Water and energy are used in the domestic laundering processes for optimum soil and stain removal. Water and energy conservation are important issues in the quest for more environment friendly household practices. Washing machines have been invented as household gadgets making laundry easier and faster. Common types of washing machine include top loaders, front loaders and twin tubs. Literature indicate that top loaders use less electricity but more water and front loaders use less water but more electricity. However efficient soil removal is the main concern of the consumer. The purpose of the study was to determine water, energy and soil removal efficiency of a top loader and a front loader washing machine. A quantitative research strategy was used and controlled experiments were conducted in order to attain accurate data. An 8.0 kg capacity top loader and an 8.5 kg capacity front loader of the same manufacturer were purchased. The “daily wash program” and the “quick wash program” of both machines were selected as wash programs for the project. Cold wash (water at room temperature) was used for the top loader and cold wash, 30 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C for the front loader. A 5kg load of 3 samples of C-09 cotton (soiled with pigment oil, purchased from CFT) and cotton filler cloths were used for each wash cycle and each cycle repeated three times. The efficiency of the machines and programs to remove stains were tested on the following stains: CS-103 red wine, CS-12 blackcurrant, CS-BC-03 tea, C-BC-02 coffee, CS-28 rice starch, CS-26 corn starch, CS-6 dressing, CS-73 locust bean gum, CS-54 oatmeal/chocolate, CS-38 egg yolk/pigment, CS-01 blood, C-05 blood/milk/ink, CS-08 grass, CS-02 cocoa, C-10 pigment/oil/milk, C-02 olive oil/soot, CS-32 sebum bey, CS-17 make-up and CS-216 lipstick. 60g Non phosphate ECE reference detergent without optical brightener was used. Redeposition of soil was determined on CN-11 white cotton. The drained water was collected and measured in litres. The energy consumption was measured in watt-hour in every program. Soil removal was measured with a colorimeter in CIE L*a*b* colour scale (AATCC test method 61-2010) and an analysis of variance was used to aid in the interpretation of the data. The results of the study indicate that, the top loader used more water than the front loader. The daily wash used more water than the quick wash in both the top loader and front loader. The front loader used more energy than the top loader at cold wash. More energy was used in the daily wash than quick wash of the front loader. It was also evident that the daily wash program in both machines was more efficient in soil and stain removal than the quick wash. At cold wash the daily wash was more efficient in soil and stain removal than the quick wash program but at 60 °C there was no difference in the rate of stain removal in both the quick and daily wash programs. The best soil and stain removal was observed at 60 °C in both the quick and daily programs. The top loader machine used more water, less energy and removed less soil and stain. It was also evident that, the front loader washing machine is more efficient in soil and stain removal and it uses less water but it uses more energy than the top loader machine.Afrikaans: Water en energie word in die huishoudelikewasprosesgebruikomvuil en vlekketeverwyder. Water en energiebesparing is belangrikekwessies in die strewenameeromgewingsvriendelikehuishoudelikepraktyke. Was masjiene is ontwikkel as toerustingomwasgoed was makliker en vinnigertemaak. Die algemenetipeswasmasjienevandag is: bo-laaiers, voor-laaiers en dubbelbaliewasmasjiene.Dieliteratuur dui aandatbo-laaiers minder energiegebruik, maar meer water en datvoor-laaiers minder water gebruik, maar meerenergie. Vir die verbruiker is vuiverwydering die belangriksteaspek. Die doel van die studie was om die water -, energie - en vuilverwyderingdoeltreffendheid van die bolaaier en die voor-laaierwasmasjientebepaal. ‘nKwantitatiewenavorsingstrategie is gebruik en gekontroleerdeeksperimente is uitgevoeromakkurate data teverkry. ‘n Bo-laaier met 8 kg kapasiteit en ‘n 8.5 kg kapasiteitvoorlaaierwasmasjien van dieselfdehandelsmerk is aangekoopvir die eksprimente. Die “daagliksewasprogram” en die “vinnigewasprogram” is gekiesvir die projek.Koue was (kamertemperatuur) is gebruikvir die bo-laaier en 20°C, 30°C, 40°C en 60°C vir die voorlaaier. ‘n Wasbondel van 5 kg gevormdeur 3x C-09 katoenmonsters (aangevuil met pigment olieaangekoop van CFT) en katoen-vullerstukke is gebruikvirelkesiklus, en elkesiklus is driemaalherhaal. Die doeltreffendheid van die masjiene en die programme omvuil en vlekketeverwyder is op die volgendevlekkegetoets: CS-103 rooiwyn, CS-28 rysstysel, CS-12 swartbessie, CS-BC-03 tee, C-BC-02 koffie, CS-26 mieliestysel, CS-6 sous, CS-73 kassia boon gom, CS-54 hawermout/sjokolade, CS-38 eiergeel/pigment, CS-01 bloed, CS-05 bloed/melk/ink, CS-08 gras, CS-02 kakao, C-10 pigment/olie/melk, C-02 olyfolie/roet, CS-32 sebum, CS-17 grimering, CS-216 lipstiffie. 60g Niefospfaat (ECE) standaard detergent sonderoptieseverhelderaar is gebruik. Herneerlegging van vuil is op CN-11 witkatoenwaargeneem. Die afvoerwater is opgevang en in litergemeet. Die energieverbruik is virelke program in Wattuurgemeet. Die vuilverwydering is met ‘n Colorimeter in die CIE L*a*b* kleurskaalgemeetvolgens die AATCC 61-2010toetsmetode en ‘n variansieanalise is gedoenom die interpretasie van die resultatetevergemaklik. Die resultate van die studie het aangetoondat die bo-laaiermeer water gebruik as die voorlaaier. Die “daagliksewasprogram” het meer water gebruik as die “vinnige program” in beide die voor-laaier en bo-laaier. Die voor-laaier het meerenergiegebruik as die bo-laaier met koue water (20°C). Dit was ookduidelikdat die “daaglikse program” meerenergiegebruik het as die “vinnige program” in die voor-laaier. Die “daagliksewasprogram” was in beide die bo-laaier en die voorlaaiermeerdoeltreffend in vuilverwydering. By 20°C was die “daaglikse program” meerdoeltreffend in vuil- en vlekverwydering as die “vinnigewasprogram” , maar by 60°C was daarnie n’ verskil in vuilverwydering en vlekverwyderingtussen die “daaglikse -“ en “vinnigewasprogram” nie. Die bestevuilverwydering is in die “vinnige -“ en die “daaglikse program” by 60°C in die voorlaaierwaargeneem. Die bo-laaiergebruikmeer water, minder energie en verwyder minder vuil en vlekke. Dit was duidelikdat die voor-laaierwasmasjienmeerdoeltreffend was in vuil- en vlekverwydering en minder water gebruik, maar ditgebruikmeerenergie as die bo-laaier.Botswana Governmen
Callulina laphami Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon 2010, SP. NOV.
No full textCALLULINA LAPHAMI SP. NOV. <p>(FIGS 1, 2, 5A, 6–8; TABLES 1, 2)</p> <p> <i>Holotype:</i> BMNH 2002.37, an adult (gravid) female, collected in Kindoroko Forest Reserve, North Pare Mountains, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania</p> <p>All measurements are given in mm. See Material and methods for a definition of the abbreviations.</p> <p> (03°43′43.5″S, 37°39′16.1″E) by DJG, SPL, and WN on 10 May 2002 (see Fig. 1). This specimen has been sequenced for <i>12S</i>, <i>16S</i>, and cyt <i>b</i>. Specimen in good condition, with midventral incision into coelom, and incision around tympanic region on left and right.</p> <p> <i>Paratypes:</i> Seventeen specimens (where determined, sex is listed): BMNH 2002.38, male, cleared and stained; BMNH 2002.39, female; BMNH 2002.40, sequenced for <i>12S</i>, <i>16S</i>, and cyt <i>b</i>; BMNH 2002.41, male; BMNH 2002.44, collected at same time and place as holotype; BMNH 2005.951, collected by NC, Kindoroko Forest Reserve, North Pare Mountains, July 1993; nine specimens collected by MM at Kindoroko Forest Reserve, North Pare Mountains, MTSN 8609, 8611, 8611 (male), 8612 (female), 8613, 8614, 8621 (female), 8622 (female), and 8632 (female); two specimens collected on 12 July 1993 by NC, Kindoroko Forest Reserve, CAS 225134 and 225135.</p> <p> <i>Referred material:</i> Four specimens collected by MM from Minja Forest Reserve, North Pare Mountains (03°44′55.96″S, 37°38′47.09″E), October 2005: MTSN 8640, 8641, 8648 (male), and 7123.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis:</i> A large, stout, and robust <i>Callulina</i>. Snout– urostyle distance reaching 45.4 mm. Snout– urostyle: tibia ratio 33–37%. Tympanum absent. Toe and finger tips truncate. Dark-brown dorsally, pale- brown ventrally. Interocular band, often red, sometimes green, darkened in preservative. Subarticular tubercles of hands and feet prominent. Arms and legs show weak development of continuous glandular ridge.</p> <p> <i>Callulina laphami</i> sp. nov. differ from <i>C. kreffti</i>, <i>C. kisiwamsitu</i>, and <i>Callulina stanleyi</i> sp. nov. in the absence of a tympanum, smoother, less granular skin, truncate finger and toe tips, and presence of bright colour in the ocular region. <i>Callulina laphami</i> sp. nov. and <i>C. dawida</i> are similar in overall appearance: both have interocular coloration, but <i>C. dawida</i> has a tympanum, albeit sometimes obscured (Loader <i>et al.</i>, 2009). <i>Callulina laphami</i> sp. nov. and <i>Callulina shengena</i> sp. nov. are most similar in external appearance, but the latter lacks prominent glands on the arms and legs. The distinctiveness of <i>C. laphami</i> sp. nov. from other <i>Callulina</i> is also supported by call, distribution, and DNA sequence data.</p> <p> <i>Description of holotype:</i> Body robust and stout. Tips of fingers truncate (equal to width of distal subarticular tubercle), rounded edges with lateral circummarginal grooves; first finger shortest, second and fourth finger equal, third finger longest. Inner metatarsal tubercle large, rounded, and raised, separated by a middle palmar tubercle from an even larger, rounded outer metatarsal tubercle, which is raised and elongated along the margin of the hand. Smaller palmar tubercles present. Subarticular tubercles at the base of each finger, large subarticular tubercles on third and fourth finger at the phalangeal joints. Third finger with two small tubercles between basal articular tubercle and subarticular tubercle. Truncate and dorsoventrally swollen toe tips without any lamellae on the ventral surface; tips of toes not expanded laterally, with circummarginal grooves; First toe same length as second. Third and fifth toes equal, fourth toe longest. Inner metatarsal tubercle large, rounded, and raised, touching a smaller, rounded, raised, outer metatarsal tubercle. Palmar tubercles present on base of foot. Subarticular tubercles at the base of each toe, large subarticular tubercles on third and fourth toe at the phalangeal joints. All tubercles on hands and feet bluish grey against a brown–grey background.</p> <p> Mean, standard deviation (SD), minimum (min.), maximum (max.), and number of samples (<i>N</i>).</p> <p>Dorsolateral and dorsoventral aspects of arms and legs have a raised glandular area; on the arms slightly raised glandular mass from the wrist to the elbow joint on dorsal and dorsolateral surface; slightly raised glandular mass on legs from one part from knee joint to the tibiotarsal joint on the dorsal, lateral, and ventral surfaces, and on the tibia to the tibiotarsal joint to the base of the foot on the dorsal, lateral, and ventral surfaces to the foot.</p> <p>Dorsum dark brown with a bright-red interocular bar that has faded to dull orange in preservative. This band connects each eyelid, marking precisely their anterior and posterior edges. Relatively smooth dorsal body surface, only slightly granular, with granular glandular masses on lateral and ventral sides, and posterior end, around the thighs and urostyle region. These glandular masses marked by slight pale-cream colour. Ventral surface pale brown. Flanks darker brown with yellowish grey mottling.</p> <p>Tympanic region greyish brown. A door-like incision on surface of skin around tympanic region reveals underlying musculature and absence of any tympanum or vestigial elements. Weakly defined but darkly edged tympanic region. Loreal and canthal regions pale grey. Nostrils, snout tip, and jaw angle slightly darker grey. Snout visible from ventral view.</p> <p> <i>Measures of</i> <i>holotype (all measurements are given in mm):</i> ED = 3.5; ETD = n/a; HL = 13.9; HW = 12.1; IN = 2.9; IOD = 6.7; LF3 = 5.1; LT4 = 7.7; NED = 3.1; NLD = 1.5; SUL = 45.4; TD = n/a; TL = 15.1; TSL = 11.8; WDF3 = 1.0; WDTF3 = 1.0.</p> <p> <i>Measures of male</i> <i>paratype (BMNH 2002.41):</i> ED = 2.6; ETD = n/a; HL = 8.7; HW = 8.7; IN = 2.0; IOD = 4.8; LF3 = 3.8; LT4 = 4.7; NED = 2.1; NLD = 1.1; SUL = 28.6; TD = n/a; TL = 9.7; TSL = 6.8; WDF3 = 0.8; WDTF3 = 0.8.</p> <p> <i>Morphological and colour variation:</i> In general the morphological features outlined in the holotype description are present in all paratype material. All specimens show truncate toe and finger tips. T-shaped distal phalangeal bones are clearly seen in cleared and stained specimen and radiographs. Male paratype MTSN 8648 has a slightly more raised glandular mass on the legs, although not as distinctive as in <i>C. shengena</i> sp. nov. Females (33.5–45.4 mm) are larger than males (22.8–29.0 mm), otherwise no clear sexual differences are noted externally. Some specimens have a less clear interocular band, and this has become even more faded in preservation (e.g. MTSN 8648, 8613, and 8622). Interocular band green instead of red in life in BMNH 2002.41 (faded to pale orange/ brown in preservative). In some juvenile specimens (e.g. MTSN 8640 and 8612) the dorsum is reddish.</p> <p> <i>Colour in life:</i> Dark brown dorsally fading ventrally to a cream–yellowish hue. Flanks paler than dorsum, grading into ventral colour. Distinct interocular band marking the anterior and posterior edges of the eyelid, curving slightly posteromedially, generally bright red, sometimes green (Fig. 3A).</p> <p> <i>Advertisement call:</i> Males were heard calling only during the night, from low bushes and branches of small trees. The call is quite a fast series of <i>c</i>. 10–14 trills (Fig. 5), produced at a rate of approximately five per second, with maximum energy at 1550 Hz. Each trill consists of a group of six or seven high-energy pulses, with a pulse-group duration of about 6 ms, and an intergroup duration of about 125 ms. Compared with other <i>Callulina</i> species, call activity was less constant and less frequent, with few calls heard during our fieldwork.</p> <p> <i>Natural history:</i> Cordeiro notes that his specimens were found ‘under damp rocks of valley side of small stream in deep forest’. SL, DG, and WN found large adults during the day under rocks or logs in mature forest, and one small subadult was found at night perched on a shrub 0.3 m above the ground. MM found adults and juveniles during night searches, perched on bushes and small tree branches, from 0.3 to 1.5 m above the forest floor, both along a wet stream valley and on drier ridges.</p> <p> <i>Distribution and threat: Callulina laphami</i> sp. nov. was collected only in the Kindoroko and Minja montane forests, at elevations between 1730 m and 2000 m (Fig. 2A). Based on current knowledge of the species’ distribution and evidences on habitat preference, the estimated extent of occurrence is less than or equal to 16.5 km 2: this includes Kindoroko and Minja forest reserves. This small extent is compounded with an observed decline in area and quality of the habitat (Hall <i>et al.</i>, 2009). Currently the population density does not appear to be low, but because of the highly fragmented habitat, conservation measures for protecting the species might be important.</p> <p> <i>Etymology:</i> The species is named for Lewis H. Lapham, who has made generous donations towards conserving Tanzania’s forests. The future survival of this frog and other Eastern Arc endemics will in part depend upon such patronage.</p>Published as part of <i>Loader, Simon P., Gower, David J., Ngalason, Wilirk & Menegon, Michele, 2010, Three new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) highlight local endemism and conservation plight of Africa's Eastern Arc forests, pp. 496-514 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160 (3)</i> on pages 498-502, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00652.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5494130">http://zenodo.org/record/5494130</a>
A SYMPOSIUM OF REVIEWS OF PUBLIC CRIMINOLOGY?
No full textPublic or Civic Criminology : A Critique of Loader and Spark
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