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[Letter from Mary Ashby Cheek to T. N. Carswell - December 16, 1941]
No full textA letter written to Mr. T. N. Carswell, Chairman, Parramore Post No. 57, American Legion, Abilene, Texas, from Mary Ashby Cheek, President, Rockford College, Rockford, Illinois, dated December 16, 1941. Mary Ashby Cheek defines Americanism
cod n cod's cheek (stew
No full textcod 2 nIt was at least as familiar in many outharbour households as cod's cheek stew.WKUsed I and SupUsed Sup3Used Supcodd,codde,cod-fish,FISH n,BANK,RED,ROCK,SHORE1,TOM COD,as cold as a cod's nose,codfish is cod by name and by nature,no cod, no cash,cod-bag/blubber/fish/fishery/fishing/fish weather/flake/hauler/jigger/jigging/line/net/oil/seine/'s head/sound/stage/Checked by Jordyn Hughes on Wed 15 Jun 201
Cheek, J N, VX35608
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/376845Surname: CHEEK
Given Name(s) or Initials: J N
Military Service Number or Last Known Location: VX35608
Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 16659190604
Item: [2016.0049.09150] "Cheek, J N, VX35608
Saxicolella ijim Cheek
No full text2. Saxicolella ijim Cheek sp. nov. Type: Cameroon, North West Region, Bamenda-Fundong, Anyajua, “ Waterfall near Ijim Project HQ ”, fl. fr., 12 Dec. 1998, Cheek et al. 9920 (holotype K [K000229622]; isotypes SCA, YA). http://www.ipni.org/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77297282-1 Ledermanniella cf. musciformis sensu Cheek (Cheek et al. 2000: 69, 152) Perennial or annual herb, rosette-like, 7 – 8 cm diam. Root crustose in the central part of the plant, at the edge radiating and divided into separate, free, lobes, 0.5 – 0.8 cm wide (Fig. 2A). Stems (1 –) 2 – 6, arising from the crustose centre of the root rosette (absent from the radiating lobes), erect, free-standing, branched from the base, (1 –) 3 – 7 cm tall, spreading as wide as the root rosette, terete, each c. 2 mm diam. at base, with 3 – 8, ± evenly spaced, short leafy side-branches (Fig. 2B), proximal branches up to 1.5 cm long, phyllotaxy spiral, diam. slightly more slender than the principal axes, leaves with axillary rosette shoots. Rosette (spur) shoots axillary with stems inconspicuous, 1 – 2 per axil, each bearing 2 – 8 leaves and a single terminal spathellum. Leaves of side branches withspiral phyllotaxy, internodes c. 1 mm long, laterally compressed, linear, (2 –) 2.5 – 8 × 0.25 mm, entire, very rarely bifid, apex obtuse-rounded, basal 1 – 2 mm canaliculate, shortly sheathing the stem, astipulate (Fig. 2B), subtending axillary rosette shoots. Leaves of rosette shoots, proximal leaves as those of the subtending sidebranches, but usually with a pair of stipules arising from near base of the leaf sheath; distal 1 – 2 leaves immediately subtending the spathellum usually astipulate, shorter, 1.5 – 2 × 0.3 mm (Fig. 2D). Stipules symmetrical, equal, on each side of the leaf, narrowly triangular, 0.1 – 0.5 (– 0.8) × 0.1 mm, apex rounded, size of stipules increasing towards stem apex-spathellum (Fig. 2C). Spathellum (undehisced) orbicular, 1 mm diam., mucro 0.2 mm long with apex rounded; dehiscing irregularly, post-dehiscence 1 – 2 × 0.7 – 1 mm (Fig. 2D). Flower ± erect in bud (in spathellum); at anthesis partly included in the ruptured spathellum (Fig. 2E – G). Pedicel 0.5 – 1.5 mm long at anthesis. Tepals 2, slightly spatulate-oblanceolate to filiform 0.2 – 0.3 mm, distal portion 0.1 mm broad, flat, stipe 0.05 mm broad, erect (Fig. 2F & G). Stamen as long as or exceeding gynoecium, filament 1 – 1.2 mm long, dorsiventrally flattened; anther oblong 0.5 × 0.25 mm. Gynophore 0 (– 0.2) mm long. Ovary ellipsoid 0.75 – 1 × 0.6 – 0.65 × 0.7 – 0.75 mm, in transverse section slightly ellipsoid, slightly narrower along the sutured plane; unilocular, longitudinal ribs well-defined, 6 (three on each valve), commissural ribs absent (Fig. 2J). Stigmas 2, complanate, ovate, 0.25 – 0.3 × 0.18 – 0.2 mm, minutely verrucate (Fig. 2E – H). Fruit about same size as ovary; pedicel accrescent (1.5 –) 2.5 mm long, carrying fruit beyond the spathellum (Fig. 2H). Seeds ellipsoid 0.2 × 0.15 mm. DISTRIBUTION. Cameroon, North West Region, Bamenda-Fundong, Anyajua, known only from the type locality. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CAMEROON, North West Region, Bamenda-Fundong, Anyajua, “Waterfall near Ijim Project HQ”, fl. fr., 12 Dec. 1998, Cheek et al. 9920 (holotype K [K000229622]; isotypes SCA, YA). Only the type specimen is known. HABITAT. On boulders in spray zone below waterfall from basalt cliff, in former submontane forest belt. No other Podostemaceae present (Cheek pers. obs. Dec. 1998); 1200 m alt. CONSERVATION STATUS. Sapicolella ijim is known from a single waterfall, with only 20 – 30 plants scattered in an area of not more than 10 m × 10 m. Threats were not apparent at the time of collection. Here the species is assessed as Critically Endangered, CR B2ab(iii)+D. The waterfall is fed from a stream at the top of the Ijim Plateau where cattle have been introduced, posing a threat by their grazing and trampling increasing surface run-off and so silt levels in the stream feeding the falls. Targeted searches for Podostemaceae at numerous other waterfalls in the Fundong-Anyajua -Ijim area in 1998 did not uncover any additional sites for this species (Cheek et al. 1997; Cheek et al. 2000). Targeted searches by Ghogue to refind this taxon (then thought to be Ledermanniella musciformis) in the Bamenda area in 2006 with Ryoko Imachi and Yoko Kita failed to find it. Nearcomprehensive botanical surveys in other locations S, Wand Eof Kilum-Ijim have failed to find additional locations although they brought to light several other species of Podostemaceae (e.g. Cable & Cheek 1998; Chapman & Chapman 2001; Harvey et al. 2003, 2010; Cheek et al. 2003, 2010, 2011). PHENOLOGY. Flowering and fruiting in December, 2 – 2 months after the end of the main wet season. ETYMOLOGY. Named for Ijim, tribal lands of the Kom people, to which area this species is unique on current evidence. NOTES. When revisiting an incomplete and unsatisfactory identification the first author had made of a specimen from the Fondom of Kom in the Bamenda Highlands of Cameroon many years ago (Cheek 9920, Ijim, Anyajua, waterfall, 1200 m, 12 Dec. 1998, previously identified as Ledermanniella cf. musciformis: Cheek et al. 2000: 152) it was realised that the fruiting ovary was erect emerging from the spathellum and, given the ribbon-like roots, longitudinally ribbed fruit and single stamen, that this could not possibly be a Ledermanniella, but a species of Sapicolella. Prior to this paper, the only other published species of Sapicolella sensu stricto known which has long stems was S. flabellata. Sapicolella ijim differs from S. flabellata in the simple leaves, very rarely bifid (not flabellate, quadrifid); stigmas complanate, ovate (not filiform); fruit 6-ribbed, ellipsoid, length:breadth ratio c. 1: 0.65 (not 8-ribbed, fusiform, length: breadth c. 1: 0.22). Sapicolella ijim occurs within a few kilometres of S. marginalis. These two species, together with S. angola, occur at the highest altitudes known for the genus (1200 – 1300 m alt.). The two Bamenda Highland species are easily separated since while the first has long stems, which are only produced from the centre of the radiating root rosette, the second lacks long stems completely, and instead bears numerous sessile, rosette-like stems along the margins of the radiating ribbon-like roots. Sapicolella ijim is similar to Sapicolella sp. Ain the unusual feature of the ovary being sessile (the gynophore being absent). Asummary of the rare, high altitude plant species of Kilum-Ijim (Mt Oku) is given by Maisels et al. (2000). Additional narrowly endemic species discovered from the Kilum-Ijim area are: Ternstroemia cameroonensis Cheek (Cheek et al. 2017c), Dovyalis cameroonensis Cheek (Cheek & Ngolan 2006).Published as part of Cheek, Martin, Molmou, Denise, Magassouba, Sekou & Ghogue, Jean-Paul, 2022, Taxonomic revision of Saxicolella (Podostemaceae), African waterfall plants highly threatened by Hydro-Electric projects, pp. 403-433 in Kew Bulletin 77 (2) on pages 411-415, DOI: 10.1007/s12225-022-10019-2, http://zenodo.org/record/759936
Nepenthes kurata Jebb & Cheek 2013, sp. nov.
No full textNepenthes kurata Jebb & Cheek sp. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77134486-1 Fig. 1 Diagnosis Differs from N. mindanaoensis Sh.Kurata in the petiole wings patent (not involute), the hairs of stem, midrib and leaf-edge bushy, 0.1 mm long, not bristle-like 1–1.5 mm long; the lid about half as long as the mouth, lid base rounded or truncate (not about as long as the mouth, base cordate). Etymology Named as a noun in apposition for Shigeo Kurata, whose book on the Nepenthes of Mount Kinabalu (Kurata 1976) inspired interest in the genus among its many readers, and whose descriptions of Nepenthes are models of detail, precision and clarity. Type PHILIPPINES. Mindanao, “Prov. of Misamis, Mount Malindang”. May 1906, Mearns & Hutchinson in Forest Bureau 4632 (holotype K!; isotype PH!). Fig 1. Synonym Nepenthes alata Blanco var. ecristata Macfarlane, Nepenthaceae. In: Engler A. (ed.) Das Pflanzenreich Heft 36, 4, 3: 72 (1908). – Type: lectotype, designated here: Philippines, Mindanao, “Prov. of Misamis, Mount Malindang”, May 1906, Mearns & Hutchinson in Forest Bureau 4632 (lecto-: K!; isolecto-: PH!). Description Terrestrial shrub-climber, height unknown. Climbing stems terete to slightly angular, 4–6 mm diam.; internodes 30–50 mm long; axillary buds not evident; indumentum inconspicuous, persistent to the fifth internode from the apex, hairs translucent brown, simple or 2–3-armed from the base, hairs straight, variously angled from the horizontal, ca. 0.1 mm long, covering ca. 5% of the surface except the axils (100% coverage) surface brown-black, matt. Leaves of rosette shoots thinly coriaceous, blade narrowly elliptic, 8–9 × 2–2.5 cm; apex and base acute; longitudinal nerves 1–2 pairs, within 2 mm of the margin, moderately conspicuous on both surfaces; pennate nerves at 90° from the midrib, numerous and moderately conspicuous; upper surface drying glossy pale brown, lower surface matt, mid-brown. Leaves of climbing stems as the rosette leaves, but blades suboblong or oblong-lanceolate 10–12.5 × 3.2–3.8 cm; apex obtuse or acute; base obtuse; lower surface with sessile red glands ca. 0.5 mm diam.; midrib 40–60% covered in patent, brown, simple or basally bifurcate-trifurcate hairs 0.1–0.3(–0.5) mm long; margin fringed, in young leaves, with hairs 0.25 mm long, pale-brown, 1–4-armed from the base. Petiole winged-canaliculate, 4–5 × 0.7 cm, wings patent; base clasping the stem for ⅓ to ½ its circumference, sometimes decurrent as an obtuse ridge to the node below. Lower pitchers unknown. Intermediate pitchers (tendrils uncoiled: Mearns & Hutchinson 4632) 12.5–17.2 cm long, ellipsoid in the basal third to half, 4–5.7 cm wide, constricted, more or less abruptly, 5–7.5 cm from the base into the subcylindrical upper part, 2.1–3 cm diam. dilating slightly towards the apex 3–4 cm diam.; outer surface strongly reticulated with raised nerves when dry, 2–5% covered in hairs of two types (Fig. 1D), (1) large erect hairs 0.3–0.75 mm long, with a single, major, curved arm, and 1–2 much smaller erect arms, and (2) minute, 3–6-armed stellate hairs 0.05–0.1 mm diam., which are more frequent, (ca. 4 per mm 2); surface covered throughout (6–10 per mm 2) with sessile, depressedglobose glands 0.1–0.2 mm diam.; fringed wings reduced to ridges except in the ca. 25 mm below the peristome, widening to 3 mm broad, with fringed elements 2.5 mm long, 2–5 mm apart; mouth oblique, suborbicular, ovate, 3–4.8 × 2.7–4.5 cm; apex with a column 9–10 mm long; peristome rounded to slightly flattened, 2–2.5 mm wide, more or less even in width, ribs 0.25–0.5 mm apart, conspicuous, about 0.1 mm high, outer edge lacking lobes, inner edge with very short teeth and conspicuous holes, teeth <0.1 mm long. Lid much smaller than the mouth, ovate, or broadly ovate, 25–35 × 25–30 mm, apex rounded to obtuse, base rounded to truncate; lower surface with a low basal ridge ca. 1 mm high, 7–10 mm long, either lacking a protruding appendage entirely (Fig. 1F) or with a modestly developed appendage 1–2 mm high (Fig. 1H); nectar glands only slightly dimorphic, (1) midline nectar glands sparse, longitudinally elliptic, 0.5–0.7 × 0.1–0.25 mm, with a thin marginal rim (Fig. 1J), (2) outside the midline nectar glands circular (Fig. 1K), sparse, <1 per mm 2, only 35–50 on each side of the midline, the largest scattered in the distal half, 0.5 mm diam., grading down to those of the marginal equatorial areas ca. 0.25 mm diam., and those at the attachment point with the peristome and the basal ridge and appendage, 0.15 mm diam.; sessile depressed-globose minute red glands 0.1–0.2 mm diam. are scattered over the surface at a density of 3–8 glands per mm 2; minute inconspicuous stellate hairs ca. 0.075 mm diam. occur in an uneven, 0.5–1 mm wide band, near the margin widening to 1.5 mm wide at the lid apex. Spur unbranched, curving downwards, stout at base and tapering to a slender apex, ca. 5 mm long, with scattered long, subpatent hairs 0.3–0.7 mm long (Fig. 1I). Upper pitchers (tendril coiled, Gaerlan et al. in PPI 10914) resembling the intermediate pitchers, but fringed wings 1–2 mm wide, fringed elements 2.5 mm long, (2–) 4–5 mm apart, dilating to 4.5 cm below the mouth; pitcher green, peristome maroon. Lid broadly ovate to suborbicular 32 × 35 mm, lower surface with a basal ridge 9–10 mm long, ca. 2 mm high, bearing a central, symmetrical, protruding appendage 2 × 3 mm; nectar glands denser, ca. 110 on each side of the midline. Male and female inflorescences and infructescences unknown. Additional material PHILIPPINES. Mindanao, Prov. Misamis Occidental, S.E. slopes of Mt. Malindang, Lake Duminagat, May 1993, Gaerlan, Sagcal & Romero in PPI 10911 (BRIT!). Distribution, habitat & phenology Philippines, Mindanao; evergreen forest, volcanic substrates. Elevation: ca. 1400 m. Conservation status Nepenthes kurata sp. nov. is here assessed as Critically Endangered under Criterion D of IUCN (2012) since currently only two individuals, probably at a single location (as currently defined by IUCN) are known. This site, the ca. 6 ha crater Lake Duminagat, is within the ca. 50,000 ha Mt Malindang Range Natural Park of which at least 20,000 ha has been cleared for cultivation purposes, but which is a tentative World Heritage Site (http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5029/, downloaded 16 July 2013). In 2012 the Park was designated as an ASEAN Heritage Park (http://news.pia.gov.ph/index. php?article=1451343449808, downloaded 16 July 2013). It is to be hoped that further investigation will discover additional individuals and locations for this species, decreasing its threat status, and increasing the likelihood that it can be protected. Since the terrain of Mt Malindang is reported as being rugged, with much forest surviving, there is every reason to hope that the species survives there, unlike Nepenthes robcantleyi Cheek (Cheek 2011) also from Mindanao, which is already suspected to be extinct in the wild due to the almost total clearance of forest habitat at the single known wild location due to logging (Cheek 2011). Remarks The first Nepenthes taxa described from Mindanao, both of the N. alata group, (Cheek & Jebb 2013d), were N. alata var. ecristata Macfarl. (Macfarlane 1908), based on Mearns & Hutchinson 4632 from Mt Malindang, and N. copelandii Macfarl. (Macfarlane 1908) from Mt Apo. The first of these we here elevate to species level as N. kurata Jebb & Cheek sp. nov. Previously we had considered this taxon to be synonymous with N. mindanaoensis Sh.Kurata (Kurata 2001) (Cheek & Jebb 2013d). The two taxa do have similarities in the overall shape of the upper pitchers, the weakly to moderately developed basal lid appendage and the sparse nectar glands of the lower lid surface. However they can be distinguished using the characters in Table 1. The number and extent of these features merit elevation from varietal to specific-level recognition in our opinion. Although the type specimen has rosette stems and intermediate pitchers only, a second specimen, with climbing stems and upper pitchers, Gaerlan et al. in PPI 10911 came to light recently. It is from the type locality and matches the type in essential details. Nepenthes kurata sp. nov. has the spot character within the Nepenthes alata group of a small, more or less orbicular lid, only about half the length of the pitcher mouth. Macfarlane (1908) characterised his N. alata var. ecristata by the lid appendage being either reduced or absent; the nectar glands being few, medium to large in size, and irregularly dispersed. Of the single specimen cited (Mearns & Hutchinson 4632), only two sheets (PH and K) have been found, both annotated in Macfarlane’s hand, each with two intermediate pitchers. Although all four pitchers share a basal ridge (Fig. 1 F–H), only one of the four has an appendage, and that is only moderately developed as a convex emergence from the basal ridge (Fig. 1H). However a recent collection (Gaerlan et al. in PPI 10977) with upper pitchers, does show a developed appendage (Fig. 1E), suggesting the epithet ecristata “lacking a crest” is inappropriate. In any case, the Code demands priority only at one rank, so there is no requirement to adopt the varietal epithet at specific level, for which reason Macfarlane’s taxon is renamed as N. kurata sp. nov. The upper pitchers also differ from the intermediate pitchers in the greater density of the nectar glands on the lower surface of the lid. However the shape, distribution and size of the nectar glands remain similar. This is the only known species of Nepenthes from Mt Malindang at this time, and it is therefore the most westerly known species of the genus in Mindanao. Nepenthes kurata sp. nov. is still incompletely known, full details on its ecology, altitudinal range, population density, inflorescences and infructescences, and ethnobotany remain to be discovered. The type specimens were collected by Major E.A. Mearns and W.J. Hutchinson in 1906 on the first recorded ascent of Mt Malindang, a volcanic mountain in the NW of Mindanao. Both sheets are annotated in the hand of Macfarlane as “ N. alata var. ecristata Macfarlane ”, and either could be selected as lectotype of that name. The K sheet is accordingly selected.Published as part of Cheek, Martin & Jebb, Matthew, 2013, Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species, pp. 1-23 in European Journal of Taxonomy 69 on pages 6-9, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.69, http://zenodo.org/record/382769
cheek
No full textcheek n[concerning splitting machine] there is a little loss of flesh on the cheek of the fish, not on the bone, it cleans the bone cleaner than a knife, [see 'chucks']DNE-cit W.J. KIRWINNOV 17 1965Used I and SupUsed I and Sup1Used IFACE, cheek music, CHIN MUSIC, MOUTH MUSIC, chucksChecked by Cathy Wiseman on Sat 25 Apr 201
Nepenthes kitanglad Jebb & Cheek 2013, sp. nov.
No full textNepenthes kitanglad Jebb & Cheek sp. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77134487-1 Fig. 2 Diagnosis Differs from N. saranganiensis Sh.Kurata in having angled, (not winged) stems, lower and upper pitchers strongly dimorphic, (not subdimorphic); in being a climbing epiphyte of forest (not a terrestrial shrub of open areas) and in having a strongly concave pitcher mouth with a long neck (not with the pitcher mouth flat or only slightly concave, lacking a neck). Etymology Named, as a noun in apposition, for Mt Kitanglad, the type and only known locality of the species. Type PHILIPPINES. Mindanao, Bukidnon Province, Intavas, Impasug-ong, Mt Kitanglad, 18 Jul. 1991, Gaerlan, Sagcal & Fernando in PPI 3274 (holotype BISH!; isotype BRIT!). Description Epiphytic climber, probably 1 m tall or more. Short stems terete, 4–5 mm diam., internodes ca. 6 cm long, axillary buds not evident; surface glossy, appearing glabrous but with extremely sparse brown, simple hairs ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrescent. Climbing stems strongly 4-angular, 7–9 mm diam., internodes 11–12 cm long; indumentum as short stems. Leaves of short, and of climbing stems more or less identical, thickly papery; blade oblong-elliptic, 15.5–33 × 4.3–7 cm; apex acute, not peltate, tendril arising abruptly; base cuneate, decurrent to petiole; longitudinal nerves 3–4 pairs, conspicuous in the marginal half on the upper surface; pennate nerves arising at about 45° from the midrib, irregular, reticulate, branching in the marginal half; drying brown-black above, matt mid-brown below, appearing glabrous apart from margin but with indumentum as stem, densest on midrib but soon glabrescent; lower surface with sessile depressed-globose red-black glands ca. 0.05 mm diam.; margin densely fringed with soft fine orange-brown patent simple or bifurcate hairs 1 mm long. Petiole evenly winged along its length, 4–5 × 0.4–0.9 cm, wings patent; at base clasping the stem for ⅔ to ¾ of its circumference, decurrent diagonally as a narrow wing, in short stems 7 mm long, in climbing stems 18 mm long, and continuing as a ridge to the node below. Lower pitchers narrowly ovoid-cylindric, 12.5 cm tall, 5 cm broad, widest in the basal half, narrowing steadily to ca. 3 cm wide below the peristome; outer surface 10–25% covered in pale brown hairs of two types, (1) bushy brown hairs 0.1–0.25 mm long and wide, with 4–8 arms ascending from a short central axis, 7–12 per mm 2, (2) long brown straight erect hairs 1.5–1.75 (–2.5) mm long, with 2–4 short branches ascending from along the length of the main axis, sparse; fringed wings, 2–4 mm wide, running 3–4 cm from peristome towards base of pitcher, then diminished to slender ridges, wings extended over the peristome by two foliose flaps 3–4 × 3–4 mm, fringed elements 4–5 mm long, 2.5 mm apart (1.5 mm apart on foliose flaps); mouth ovate-lanceolate, highly oblique, concave, ca. 4.1 × 2.8 cm; column developed, tapering towards lid ca. 9 mm long, 2.5 mm wide at midpoint; peristome subcylindric, 1 mm wide at front of pitcher to 3 mm wide at sides, ridges ca. 2.5 per mm, ridges 0.1 mm high, inner edge lacking conspicuous teeth or holes, outer edge not lobed. Lid narrowly ovate to rhombic 3.5 × 2.3 cm, apex rounded, base rounded to truncate, lower surface lacking a basal appendage, but with a low basal ridge 10 mm long, 0.5–1 mm high, extending from the junction with the peristome; nectar glands small and sparse, 6–8 on each side of the midline which mainly lacks glands, absent from basal ridge, nectar glands monomorphic, slightly perithecoid, orbicular or slightly elliptic, 0.25(–0.35) mm long, mixed with denser sessile depressed-globose, red-black glands, 0.05– 0.1 mm diam., 8 per mm 2; marginal 2–3 mm of lower surface with minute stellate hairs densest near margin; upper surface with same indumentum as outer pitcher surface, but long hairs rarely seen. Spur not seen. Upper pitchers (tendril coiled) ovoid-cylindric, green, slightly maroon above, 21.5 × 6.5 cm, widest in the ovoid basal third, narrowing to ca. 5 cm wide in the cylindrical upper part; outer surface with same indumentum as lower pitcher; fringed wings reduced to ridges apart from two foliose flaps immediately below peristome, point of attachment 3–4 mm long, angular-elliptic, 9 × 6 mm, bearing fringes 2–7 mm long; mouth ovate-lanceolate 7 × 4 cm, oblique, concave, the frontal part straight; column ca. 1.5 × 0.8 cm; peristome rounded-flattened, 1.75–5.5 mm wide, widest at sides, ca. 1.75 ridges per mm, ridges 0.1 mm high, inner edge lacking conspicuous teeth or holes, outer edge not lobed. Lid ovate-triangular, 5 × 3.8–4.2 cm, apex rounded, base truncate; lower surface with a weakly developed, convex basal appendage 1.5 mm high, arising from a low basal ridge 7 mm long; nectar glands ca. 16 on each side of the midline, sparsely scattered, more or less absent from midline, but present at appendage, nectar glands orbicular or slightly elliptic, slightly or strongly perithecoid, 0.25–0.5 × 0.25–0.45(–0.75) mm; sessile glands 0.05–0.1 mm diam., 8–20 per mm 2; upper surface of lid with indumentum as outer surface of pitcher. Spur inserted 2 mm below junction of lid and pitcher, pointing downwards, terete, 17 × 0.9–1 mm, dilating to the 1.8 mm wide rhombic-acute apex, indumentum moderately dense of long patent simple hairs as on the pitcher outer surface. Male and female inflorescences unknown. Distribution and habitat Philippines, Mindanao, Bukidnon Province, known only from Mt Kitanglad; epiphytic in mossy forest, geology volcanic, elevation 1800–2100 m. Conservation Here N. kitanglad sp. nov. is assessed as Critically Endangered since it is known from only a single location, Mt Kitanglad, on an island which has seen extensive forest clearance for logging and agricultural expansion in recent years (McPherson 2009: 759). For these reasons one species, N. robcantleyi Cheek is already suspected to be extinct in the wild (Cheek 2011). Nepenthes kitanglad sp. nov. is not a spectacular or especially bizarre species so is unlikely to come under pressure of collection for the horticultural trade which has brought several species of the genus close to extinction. Remarks McPherson (2009: 755–759; figs 417 & 418) depicts from volcanic Mt Kitanglad in N-Central Mindanao a plant under the name of N. saranganiensis Sh.Kurata (Kurata 2003: 41). Yet, the Kitanglad plants he depicts differ from N. saranganiensis as depicted in its protologue in habit, habitat and in morphology. In 2013 sheets of Gaerlan et al. in PPI 3274 (BISH, BRIT) became available from Kitanglad.These matched McPherson’s (2009) depiction, enabling a detailed comparison to be made with N. saranganiensis. The conclusion is that the Kitanglad material represents a different species from N. saranganiensis and is here described as N. kitanglad sp. nov. Differences between the two taxa are given in Table 2. N. kitanglad sp. nov. is unusual in the N. alata species group (Cheek & Jebb 2013d) in the strongly concave mouth of the upper pitchers, in which the base of the lid is held over the mouth. It is also unusual in that the rear of the peristome narrows to a neck, forming a moderately well-defined column for the lid. Within the N. alata group, these two features are otherwise currently known only in N. hamiguitanensis Gronem., Wistuba, V.B.Heinrich, S.McPherson, Mey & V.B.Amoroso (Gronemeyer et al. 2010), but that species is restricted to ultramafic Mt Hamiguitan in SE Mindanao and differs greatly in the shape of the upper pitchers which are stout, widest at the midpoint, with a funneliform lower half narrowing to a more slender, cylindrical upper half. It is possible that N. hamiguitanensis, N. kitanglad sp. nov. and N. saranganiensis are related since all have angled stems (or in the case of the last species, winged), a feature otherwise unknown in the otherwise terete-stemmed N. alata group. Nepenthes kitanglad sp. nov. is unique in the N. alata group in its lid posture, as seen from photographs and herbarium specimens. The lid is held at ca. 45° below the horizontal, largely concealing the mouth. In other species it is usually elevated above the horizontal, sometimes by ca. 45° (N. saranganiensis) or as much as 90° or more (N. graciliflora Elmer). So far, N. kitanglad sp. nov. is the only species of Nepenthes recorded from Mt Kitanglad.Published as part of Cheek, Martin & Jebb, Matthew, 2013, Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species, pp. 1-23 in European Journal of Taxonomy 69 on pages 10-13, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.69, http://zenodo.org/record/382769
cod n: cod cheek
No full textcod 2 nThere are strong markets for cod tongues and cod cheeks as well as other products.PRINTED ITEM DNE Sup G. M. StorySEP. 20 1988 [check] WKUsed I and SupUsed Sup3Used Supcodd,codde,cod-fish,FISH n,BANK,RED,ROCK,SHORE1,TOM COD,as cold as a cod's nose,codfish is cod by name and by nature,no cod, no cash,cod-bag/blubber/fish/fishery/fishing/fish weather/flake/hauler/jigger/jigging/line/net/oil/seine/'s head/sound/stage/Checked by Jordyn Hughes on Wed 15 Jun 201
Deinbollia onanae Cheek & Onana & Chapman 2021, sp. nov.
No full textDeinbollia onanae Cheek sp. nov. Figs. 1 4 Similar to but differing from Deinbollia oreophila Cheek in the length of leaves of flowering stems (14)60 70 cm (versus 25 63 cm), number of leaflets per leaf (4)16 23 (versus (4)6 8(10)), width of leaflets (2.1)2.5 4 cm (versus (3)5.5 9(10.2) cm, number of secondary nerves on each side of midrib (15)17 18, (versus (7)9 14(17); stems with lenticels brown, concolorous and inconspicuous, (versus discolorous, bright white and conspicuous), ovary bilocular (versus trilocular) . Typus: Cameroon, Mt Oku and the Ijim Ridge, Aboh to Tum, 2400 m alt., fl. 22 Nov. 1996, Etuge 3600 (holotype K000337729! Fig. 2, isotypes MO!, WAG0336084!, WAG0336083!, YA0057050!); Deinbollia cf. pinnata Schum. & Thonn., sensu Cheek, in Cheek, Onana & Pollard (2000:162). Deinbollia sp. 2 sensu Cheek in Harvey et al. (2004: 125); Cheek & Etuge in Cheek et al. (2004: 399); Cheek in Cheek, Harvey & Onana (2010: 143, fig 23). Deinbollia sp. Chapman & Chapman (Chapman & Chapman, 2001: c41) Monoecious tree or treelet (4)5 15 m tall, trunk 14.5 40 cm diameter at 1.3 m from the ground, lacking exudate or scent when wounded, sparingly branched, nearly glabrous, apart from the inflorescence. Stems of flowering branches terete (0.8)1 1.5 cm diameter, solid (not hollow), second internode below apical inflorescence 2 2.5 cm long, outer epidermis pale grey-brown, contrasting with the darker brown bases of the adjoining petiolar pulvini, lenticels dense, raised, elliptic, 0.6 1.1 mm long, concolorous, inconspicuous, glabrescent, hairs sparse to dense, dark brown, cylindric 0.1 0.5 mm long. Leaves alternate, pinnately compound, (14)60 70 cm long; leaflets (4)16 23 per leaf on flowering stems, leaflets 10 14 per leaf on leaves of juvenile trees. Petiole (4)9.5 20.8 cm long, terete, c. four mm diameter at midpoint, drying pale yellow; basal pulvini dark brown; rhachis (4.5)32 44 cm long, (2)8 11-jugate on flowering stems, 5 7-jugate on non-flowering stems of juvenile trees, the upper surface of the distal half flattened with two thin lateral wings and with a central dark hairy rounded central ridge, the rest of the rhachis glabrescent with sparse inconspicuous hairs (de Wilde 4555), or with sparse dark brown appressed hairs (Cable 3386). Leaflets mostly oblong (6.6)14 19.5 × (2.1)2.5 4 cm, (but leaflets of sterile branches to 6.5 cm wide), acumen c. 1 cm long, base broadly acute, slightly asymmetric, (basalmost leaflets lanceolate and about half the length of the other leaflets) lateral nerves and midrib yellow, raised above and below, convex, (15)17 18 on each side of the midrib, nearly brochidodromous, the lateral nerve apices forming a weak irregular submarginal nerve, stronger branches uniting with the secondary nerve above, intersecondary nerves strong, parallel to the secondaries, tertiary and quaternary nerves reticulate raised yellow and conspicuous, on both surfaces, contrasting with the pale grey-green areolae (except in Cable 3386(K) where they are concolorous and so inconspicuous above, possibly an artefact of poor drying); upper surface glabrous, lower surface with inconspicuous, minute, cylindrical, subappressed glossy dark-brown hairs c. 0.25 mm long, distributed very sparsely along the midrib and secondary nerves, absent from mature leaves of non-flowering specimens (e.g., Cheek 8709) but then the same hair type present on axillary buds and young leaves; petiolules yellow, 2 5 mm long, glabrous. Inflorescence a 80 120-flowered, loose, terminal panicle 25 × 10 cm; auxiliary inflorescences sometimes present in the axils of the distal 1 4 leaves (Cheek 13625); peduncle of terminal inflorescences 0 2 cm long; rhachis internodes (1)2 3 cm long, shortest in the distal portion; first order bracts caducous; indumentum brown hairy; primary branches 10 20 per inflorescence, 2 8 cm long, each bearing (1)2 5 partialinflorescences; partial-peduncles 0 5 mm long, apex with a cluster of 3 5 bracteoles; bracteoles subulate to narrowly lanceolate, 2 3 mm long, apex narrowly acute, partialinflorescences (1)3-flowered in glomerules, pedicels erect, terete, 3 4 × 1.5 mm (female), 4 5 × 1 mm (male), sparsely puberulent, hairs 0.1 0.5 mm long. Flowers white, scent not recorded, flower buds c. four mm diam., open flowers c. 6 × 7 mm. Calyx with sepals 5(6), orbicular to broadly ovate, concave, green colour, 4 5 × 3.5 4.5 mm apex obtuse. Corolla apex slightly exserted from calyx, petals rhombic or spatulate. Male flowers (Fig. 1C). Petals 5(6), white, rhombic c. 5 × 3 mm, apex obtuse-acute, base cuneate, margins densely ciliate, hairs 0.3 mm long, outer surface glabrous, inner surface glabrous in distal half, proximal half compressed funneliform with ventral appendage adnate at margins, retuse (notched) for 0.5 mm at midline, adaxial surface moderately densely hairy, hairs c. 0.3 mm long. Extra-staminal disc torus-like, glabrous, irregular, outer wall convex, lacking constrictions or teeth with c. 15 poorly defined lobes, 2.5 3 mm wide, c. 0.8 mm high. Stamens c. 15, erect, slightly exserted by 1 2 mm at anthesis, c. 5 6.5 mm long; filament 4 5 mm long, straight, densely puberulent the entire length (Fig. 1D); anthers yellow, ovate-ellipsoid, 1 1.3 mm long. Ovary (vestigial, Fig. 1E) bilobed, c. 1 × 1.5 mm densely appressed hairy, hairs c. 0.5 mm; style 0.7 mm long, glabrous. Female flowers (Fig. 1G), with sepals and petals as the male flowers, but petals c. 6 × 2.6 2.9 mm, usually detaching with a stamen attached, probably due to interlocking hairs (see Fig. 1J), proximal two-thirds claw-like, c. 0.7 mm wide, margin sparsely and irregularly ciliate; ventral appendage with apex deeply bilobed, lobes c. 1 mm × 1 mm; disc as in male flower. Stamens c. 10 (see Fig. 1I), included at anthesis, filament c. 2.5 mm long, proximal half to quarter glabrous, distal part densely hairy; anther as male flowers but indehiscent; ovary bilobed (see Fig. 1H), 3.2 × 5 mm, indumentum as male flower, style c. 5 mm long, apical 1 mm, curved, surface papillate-minutely puberulent, apex subcapitate. Infructescence, of same dimensions as inflorescence, erect. Fruit colour recorded as nearly black when ripe, tasting sweet-sour (Elisha Barde, see uses below), and not coloured yellow when ripe (as in other species of the genus), mericarps 1 or 2, transversely ellipsoid, c.1.8 × 2.1 × 1.2 cm (hydrated), the surface leathery, shallowly and finely muricated, glabrous, mesocarp spongy and juicy, 1-seeded. Seed ellipsoid, c. 1.8 × 1.1 × 0.8 cm, testa thin, parchment like, endosperm absent, cotyledons fleshy. Phenology: flowering in November-December; fruiting in February and April, immature fruit recorded in December and June. Local name and uses: none are reported in Cameroon but in Ngel Nyaki, Nigeria, Elisha Emmanuel Barde of the Nigeria Montane Forest Project (pers. comm. to M. Cheek Dec. 2020), states that Nyeberehi (Fulfude) is the general name for all Deinbollia species while Jellahi (Fulfude) is a specific name for Deinbollia onanae in Ngel Nyaki where Fulfude speakers (Fulanis) use the bark of this species as medicine for themselves, to treat stomach aches as well as an anti-helminthic. It is not used for treating cattle. The fruits are reported to taste sour-sweet by Mr Barde. The species is also known as Pabba (Ndolla language). Etymology: The specific epithet of Deinbollia onanae means ‘of Onana’ commemorating Dr Jean-Michel Onana, currently Senior Lecturer in Botany at the University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon, champion of plant conservation in Cameroon, specialist in Sapindales (Burseraceae, author of Flore du Cameroun Burseraceae (Onana, 2017), co-chair of the IUCN Central African Red List Authority for Plants, former Head of the National Herbarium of Cameroon (2005 2016), co-author of the Red Data Book of the Plants of Cameroon (Onana & Cheek, 2011) and the Taxonomic Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Cameroon (Onana, 2011). He led field teams of YA staff working with those of K that resulted in the collection of several of the specimens of this species and personally collected this species in the field (Onana 1600, K, YA). Distribution & ecology: known only from the Cameroon Highlands of Cameroon (one location in the adjoining Mambilla Plateau, Nigeria) Fig. 3. Upper submontane & montane evergreen forest, sometimes in gallery forest; (1200) 2,050 2,200 m alt. Additional specimens: CAMEROON. South West Region, Mt Kupe, near main summit, immature fr., 26 June 1996, Cable 3386 (K000197863!, YA!) ; North West Region. Bali Ngemba Forest Reserve, fr. April 2002, Onana 1600 (K!); Mt Oku and the Ijim Ridge: above Laikom, st. 21 Nov..1996, Cheek 8709 (K000337728! YA!); Dom, Kinjinjang Rock, st. 25 Sept. 2006, Cheek 13436 (K000580433!; YA!); ibid. Forest Patch 1, fl. buds, 27 Sept. 2006, Cheek 13625 (K000580434!, MO!,US!, YA!); ibid., Javelong Forest, st. 29 April 2005, Pollard 1400 (K000580432!; YA!); Adamaoua Region, c. 120 km E of Ngaoundéré, 15 km NE of Belel, falls in Koudini River, alt. ± 1200 m, fl. 4 Dec. 1964, W.J.J.O. & J.J.F.E. de Wilde, B.E.E. de Wilde-Duyfjes 4555 (K000593309!; K000593310!, WAG1269760!, YA). NIGERIA. Taraba State, Mambilla Plateau, Ngel Nyaki Forest Reserve, near camp, fr. 2 Dec. 2003, H.M. Chapman 481 (FHI, K!); ibid. female fl. 4 Dec. 2002, H.M. Chapman 484 (FHI, K!). Notes: Deinbollia onanae first came to our attention in 2000 when completing the ‘‘Plants of Kilum-Ijim’’ (Cheek, Onana & Pollard, 2000). Two specimens of Deinbollia matched no other and were named Deinbollia cf. pinnata (Cheek, Onana & Pollard, 2000). In subsequent surveys this taxon was more explicitly referred to as a new species: Deinbollia sp. 2 (Harvey et al., 2004; Cheek et al., 2004; Cheek, Corcoran & Horwath, 2009). However, the earliest known collection was made in 1964 (W.J.J.O. & J.J.F.E. de Wilde, de Wilde-Duyfjes 4555(K)). This species is remarkable for the very large number of pairs of unusually long and slender leaflets (Fig. 4), and for the comparatively large size of the individuals which often attain 10 15 m in height (Fig. 4), among the largest trees known in the genus. However, at Ngel Nyaki trees can begin flowering at only 2.5 m in height (E. Barde pers. comm. to Cheek Jan. 2020) Conservation: Deinbollia onanae is rare at each of its six known locations so far as is known, although at Ngel Nyaki this is difficult to establish due to potential confusion with Deinbollia oreophila. Despite many thousands of herbarium specimens being collected at Kilum-Ijim, at Mt Kupe and the Bakossi Mts, at Ngel Nyaki and at Bali Ngemba (Cheek, Onana & Pollard, 2000; Cheek et al., 2004; Harvey et al., 2004) only two specimens of this species at two sites, were made at each of the first three locations and only one at the third location. Surveys at other sites with suitable habitat in the Cameroon Highlands and elsewhere, e.g at Mt Cameroon and at the Lebialem Highlands, failed to find this species (Cheek et al., 1996; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Harvey, Tchiengue & Cheek, 2010; Cheek, Harvey & Onana, 2011). However, at Dom, where a targetted search for this species was made by the first author, three specimens were made, each representing single, isolated trees Cheek, Harvey & Onana (2010). No more individuals than these were found. At Adamaoua Region, Cameroon it has only been collected once, and only a single tree was then noted (W.J.J.O. & J.J.F.E. de Wilde, B.E.E. de Wilde-Duyfjes 4555(K)). None of these locations is formally protected for nature conservation. Tree cutting for timber and habitat clearance for agriculture has long been known to be a threat at all but the last of these locations (references cited above). The range of the species is large: extent of occurrence was calculated as 50,525 km 2 using GeoCAT. However, severe habitat fragmentation has resulted over many hundreds of years, forest patches being now distant from each other by tens of kilometres, isolated in oceans of cultivation and secondary fire-maintained grassland making the possibility of primate-mediated dispersal from one forest area to another now extremely unlikely. Ecological evidence from Ngel Nyaki is that while Deinbollia regenerates in that forest patch, its primate dispersers do not, or seldom cross to other forest patches (Dutton & Chapman, 2015, see discussion below). We assess the area of occupancy of Deinbollia onanae as 34 km 2 using the IUCN preferred 4 km 2 cell size. Therefore, we assess this species as Endangered, EN B2ab(iii) using the IUCN (2012) standard. We suggest that this species be included in forest restoration plantings within its natural range to partly reverse its move to extinction. However, the large (c. one cm diam.), thin-walled seeds are probably recalcitrant, so not suitable for conventional seed-banking, and should not be allowed to be dried before sowing since this can be expected to kill them. Experience at Ngel Nyaki (Matthesius, Chapman & Kelly, 2011) shows that it is possible to raise hundreds of seedlings in nurseries and to establish them in natural forest.Published as part of Cheek, Martin, Onana, Jean Michel & Chapman, Hazel M., 2021, The montane trees of the Cameroon Highlands, West-Central Africa, with Deinbollia onanae sp. nov. (Sapindaceae), a new primate-dispersed, Endangered species, pp. 1-25 in PeerJ 9 on pages 6-12, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11036, http://zenodo.org/record/461248
Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae) in the Philippines : with four new species
No full textAn overview of Nepenthes in the Philippines is presented. Four new species, Nepenthes extincta sp. nov., N. kitanglad sp. nov., N. kurata sp. nov. and N. leyte sp. nov. are described and illustrated from the Philippines and placed in the Nepenthes alata group. An updated circumscription and key to the species of the group is provided. Delimitation and comparison with the Regiae group is given. All four of the newly described species are assessed as threatened using the International Union for the Conservation of Nature 2012 standard, and one, N. extincta sp. nov. is considered likely to be already extinct due to open-cast mining. Logging and conversion of forest habitat are thought to be the main threats to the other three species
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