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Capillary electrophoresis of carbohydrates: From Monosaccharides to complex polysaccharides
No full textAn essential text for anyone exploring the myriad possibilities of this rapidly expanding field Offers a comprehensive look at the latest breakthroughs and improvements in CE and CE techniques applied to carbohydrates from monosaccharides up to complex oligosaccharides and polysaccharides Provides an overview of the application of CE and CE-mass spectrometry Simple carbohydrates, complex oligosaccharides and polysaccharides all belong to a class of ubiquitous (macro)molecules that exhibit a wide range of biological functions, and the recent advent of enhanced enzymatic, chemical and analytical tools used to study these sugars has inaugurated a genuine explosion in the field of glycomics. Specifically, it has led to a deeper understanding of how specific sugar structures modulate cellular phenotypes, and that breakthrough has led to the discovery of new pharmaceuticals for the treatment of many serious diseases, such as cancer. The subsequent rapid expansion of this research holds high promise for future therapeutic regimens, and capillary electrophoresis (CE) refers to the range of related separation techniques that are integral to this vital research. CE uses narrow-bore fused-silica capillaries to separate a complex array of large and small molecules, and Capillary Electrophoresis of Carbohydrates offers a comprehensive look at the latest breakthroughs and improvements in CE and CE techniques applied to monosaccharides up to complex oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. It begins with an overview of the application of CE and CE- mass spectrometric in the analysis of simple carbohydrates without any previous derivatization step before discussing various detection techniques such as spectrophotometric detection, electrochemical detection and other less common techniques. It then covers in detail an array of related topics and numerous applications. It is an essential text for anyone exploring the myriad possibilities of this rapidly expanding field
The Great Theatre of the World. Salvator Rosa and the Academies
No full textLa mostra organizzata con Dulwich Picture Gallery di Londra e Kimbell Art Museum di Fort Worth dall’autrice con Helen Langdon e Xavier Salomon, presenta un ingente numero di capolavori di Salvator Rosa. Nel catalogo la studiosa ha redatto numerose schede e un saggio sul rapporto fondamentale dell’artista con il mondo accademico –letterario, teatrale ed artistico- del suo tempo. Attraverso documenti per lo più inediti (componimenti, lettere, inventari), l’autrice ricostruisce un pezzo di vita culturale e artistica tra Firenze e Roma a cavallo del quinto e settimo decennio del Seicento. Si tratta di uno scenario in cui, insieme al protagonista Rosa, si intrecciano artisti del calibro di Pier Francesco Mola e Carlo Dolci, e committenti quali Flavio Chigi o Giovan Carlo de Medici. The exhibition, organized with the Dulwich Picture Gallery in London and the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth by the author toghether with Helen Langdon and Xavier Salomon, had shown many of the Salvator Rosa’s masterpieces. In the catalogue the scholar did many entries and an essay on the really essential relation among the artist and the Seventeenth Century Academies of Florence and Rome. Academies that were not only artistic but also of music, theatre and poetry. Thanks to unpublished documents (poems, letters and inventories) the author can reconstruct the artistic and cultural life in Florence and Rome between 1640th and 1650th. Together with Salvator Rosa are others leading artists and patrons such as Pier Francesco Mola, Carlo Dolci, Pietro da Cortona, and Flavio Chigi or Giovan Carlo de Medici.
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Capillary electrophoresis of carbohydrates: from monosaccharides to complex polysaccharides (Volpi N. Editor)
No full textCapillary electrophoresis (CE) encompasses a range of related separation techniques that use narrow-bore fused-silica capillaries to separate a complex array of large and small molecules. Due to its high resolving power and sensitivity, CE has been applied in the analysis of simple and complex carbohydrates, such as intact oligosaccharides and glycosaminoglycans-derived oligosaccharides and disaccharides providing concentration and structural characterization data essential for understanding their biological functions. Simple carbohydrates and complex oligosaccharides and polysaccharides are a class of ubiquitous (macro)molecules exhibiting a wide range of biological functions. The recent advent of enhanced enzymatic, chemical and analytical tools for the study of these sugars has triggered a genuine explosion in the field of glycomics. In particular, the study of complex oligosaccharides and heteropolysac¬charides has led to deeper insight into how specific sugar structures modulate cellular phenotypes. An increased understanding of the structure-function relationship has led to the discovery of new pharmaceuticals for the treat¬ment of serious diseases, such as cancer. This area of research is rapidly expanding and is expected to have a major impact on future therapeutic regimens.This Volume on the capillary electrophoresis of carbohydrates provides the reader with the latest break-throughs and improvements in CE and CE techniques applied to monosaccharides up to complex oligo- and polysaccharides. Chapter 1 presents an overview on the application of CE and CE- mass spectrometric (MS) in the analysis of simple carbohydrates without any previous derivatization step. Various detection techniques such as spectrophotometric detection, electrochemical detection, MS but also less common techniques are discussed. Finally, a wide-ranging list of CE and CE-MS applications in the field of carbohydrate analysis published during the last decade is reported. Chapter 2 covers all the currently used derivatization procedures, by means of chromophore or fluorophore incorporation, their mechanistic details and the merits attributed to each approach with the aim of enhancing sensitivity and also of improving analyte separation. Chapter 3 focuses on CE, CE-MS and tandem MS, on the separation and characterization of lipopolysaccharides along with some acidic polysaccharides and derived oligosaccharides and disaccharides, which are important (macro)molecules belonging to bacteria. Chapter 4 gives an outline of microchip-based CE analysis of complex natural heteropolysaccharides, known as glycosaminoglycans, which affords rapid analysis on a time scale of seconds. This technology has great potential as a tool for routine assessment of pharmaceutical preparations and for clinical diagnosis. Chapter 5 discusses the use of CE as an analytical approach for the detection of biofilm positivity in particular microorganisms, as well as for the separation of biofilm-positive and -negative strains, considering that the biofilm-positive surfaces are usually covered with specific extracellular polysaccharide substances that play a key role in biofilm formation and function. Chapter 6 illustrates the capacity of CE in the structural characterization of polysaccharide mono- and oligomer constituents, surveying several applications on chemically and enzymatically degraded polysaccharides. Furthermore, CE was also demonstrated to be highly reliable for the determination of polysaccharides in biological samples, due to the possibility of analyzing rather complex matrices even without any pre-treatment, a distinctive feature with respect to other separation strategies. In relation to this versatility, Chapter 7 features a survey on the more recent applications and developments of CE to study reactions involving saccharide-bearing molecules, such as strategies applied to monitoring the synthesis of carbohydrate based-molecules, or research channeled towards the investigation of the action of enzymes on carbohydrates, or studies showing how CE has been recently applied to investigate naturally occurring processes pursuing the ultimate goal of monitoring single cell reactions. Chapter 8 investigates “biopharmaceuticals”, a term commonly employed to define therapeutic proteins produced by biotechnology and specifically via genetic engineering. Many of the biopharmaceuticals currently produced are glycoproteins in which the oligosaccharide chains can impact markedly on bioactivity and several other properties. It is therefore mandatory to control glycoproteins by robust methods capable of providing adequate details regarding minor modifications. CE has proved its usefulness not only for the characterization of glycoprotein pharmaceuticals but also as a quality control tool enabling accurate quantitation. Following this topic, Chapter 9 highlights recent developments in the analysis of proteins glycosylated at the amino groups of asparagine residues by CE and CE-MS. The analysis of intact glycoproteins is reviewed followed by a detailed analysis of N-glycans released from glycoproteins through chemical or enzymatic reactions. Furthermore, in order to obtain detailed structural information, the advantages and limitations of various methodological approaches and techniques, as well as MS instrumentation, are discussed specifically in the context of glycan analysis. Finally, Chapter 10 evaluates CE as a powerful analytical method to effectively and accurately determine the monosaccharide composition of glycoproteins and glycolipids in biological and biomedical samples also in relation to its potential application in the diagnosis or prognosis of diseases.As the editor of this Volume, I would like to thank all the contributors for their first-rate articles, which will certainly impact the area of CE separation of carbohydrates by providing a better understanding of the underlying analytical phenomena and by widening the scope of their possible applications. Acknowledgement is due to Springer Editors for their assistance in bringing this issue to publication
Chondroitin sulfate. Structure, role and pharmacological activity. Nicola Volpi (Editor)
No full textContents
STRUCTURE Isolation, purification and analysis of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans Fumiko Matsui and Atsuhiko Oohira Isolation and Purification of Chondroitin Sulfate Luiz-Claudio F. Silva Structure of chondroitin sulfate Fotini N. Lamari and Nikos K. Karamanos Progress in the structural biology of chondroitin sulfate Barbara Mulloy The biosynthesis and catabolism of galactosaminoglycans Vikas Prabhakar and Ram Sasisekharan Biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate: from the early, precursor discoveries to nowadays, genetic approaches Mauro S.G. Pavao, Ana Christina Vilela-Silva and Paulo A.S. Mourao Advances in the analysis of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate M. Stylianou, I.-E. Triantaphyllidou and D.H. Vynios Chondroitin sulfate lyases - their applications in analysis and glycobiotechnology Emmanuel Petit, Cedric Delattre, Dulce Papy-Garcia and Phillipe Michaud Chondroitin sulfate Lyases: Structure, Activity and Applications in Analysis and the Treatment of Diseases Robert J. Linhardt, Fikri Y Avci, Toshohiko Toida, Yeong Shik Kim and Miroslaw Cygler BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF CHONDROITIN SULFATE Structure, metabolism and tissue roles of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans Christopher J. Handley, Tom Samiric and Mina Z. Ilic Emergence and structural characteristics of chondroitin sulfates in the animal kingdom Lucia O. Sampaio and Helena B. Nader Role of the sulfation pattern of chondroitin sulfate in its biological activities and the binding of growth factors Chilkunda D. Nandini and Kazuyuki Sugahara Chondroitin sulfate as a key molecule in the development of atherosclerosis and cancer progression A.D. Theocharis, G.N. Tzanakakis and N.K. Karamanos Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in tumor progression Yanusz Wegrowski and Francois-Xavier Maquart Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the brain Sachiko Aono and Atsuhiko Oohira Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate in the central nervous system: structures and functions in health and disease Uwe Rauch and Joachim Kappler Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and its degradation products in CNS repair Asya Rolls and Michal Schwartz Role of Chondroitin 4-Sulfate in Pregnancy-Associated Malaria D. Channe Gowda PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF CHONDROITIN SULFATE Immunological activity of chondroitin sulfate Toshihiko Toida, Shinobu Sakai, Hiroshi Akiyama and Robert J. Lindhardt Antioxidant activity of chondroitin sulfate G.M. Campo, A. Avenoso, S. Campo, A.M. Ferlazzo and A. Caltroni Effects of chondroitin sulfate on the cellular metabolism N. Brandl, J. Holzmann, R. Schabus and M. Huettinger In vitro effects of chondroitin sulfate A. Fioravanti, R. Marcolongo and G. Collodel Effect of chondroitin sulfate as nutraceutical in dogs with arthropathies Britta Dobenecker Chondroitin sulfate as a structure modifying agent Daniel Uebelhart, Ruud Knols, Elling D. de Bruin and Gust Verbruggen CLINICAL EFFICACY AND TRIALS Chondroitin sulfate in the management of erosive osteoarthritis of the interphalangeal finger joints Gust Verbruggen Chondroitin sulfate in the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis: an overview Geraldine Bana, Benedicte Jamard, Evelyne Verrouil and Bernard Mazieres Treatment of knee osteoarthritis with oral chondroitin sulfate Daniel Uebelhart, Ruud Knols, Elling D. de Bruin and Gust Verbrugge
Chondroitin Sulfate Safety and Quality.
No full textThe industrial production of chondroitin sulfate (CS) uses animal tissue sources as raw
material derived from dierent terrestrial or marine species of animals. CS possesses a heterogeneous
structure and physical-chemical profile in dierent species and tissues, responsible for the various
and more specialized functions of these macromolecules. Moreover, mixes of dierent animal tissues
and sources are possible, producing a CS final product having varied characteristics and not well
identified profile, influencing oral absorption and activity. Finally, dierent extraction and purification
processes may introduce further modifications of the CS structural characteristics and properties
and may lead to extracts having a variable grade of purity, limited biological eects, presence of
contaminants causing problems of safety and reproducibility along with not surely identified origin.
These aspects pose a serious problem for the final consumers of the pharmaceutical or nutraceutical
products mainly related to the traceability of CS and to the declaration of the real origin of the active
ingredient and its content. In this review, specific, sensitive and validated analytical quality controls
such as electrophoresis, eHPLC (enzymatic HPLC) and HPSEC (high-performance size-exclusion
chromatography) able to assure CS quality and origin are illustrated and discussed
Volpi Franco
No full textFranco Volpi è stato professore all’Università di Padova e docente in diverse università straniere. Ha mostrato la presenza pervasiva dell’interpretazione di Aristotele in M. Heidegger, evidenziando come quest’ultimo, attraverso tale interpretazione, intenda rimettere in gioco i capisaldi della filosofia occidentale. Volpi ha altresì approfondito il problema del nichilismo, cercando anche di delineare possibili vie per una sua terapia e per una prospettiva del suo oltrepassamento. Nella sua analisi, il nichilismo corrode le verità e indebolisce le religioni, ma apre anche spazi per una filosofia pratica prudente e aperta al divenire. Interessi per la filosofia della religione emergono anche nelle sue riflessioni sul volontarismo teologico oltre che su autori come N. Gómez Dávila, di cui sottolinea la fede in Dio, “verità di tutte le illusioni”, non dimostrato ma “postulato senza ambagi”.
Parole chiave: Franco Volpi, nichilismo, oltrepassamento del nichilismo, volontarismo teologico, ermeneutica.
Franco Volpi was a professor at the University of Padua and taught at various foreign universities. He demonstrated the pervasive presence of Aristotle’s interpretation in M. Heidegger, highlighting how the latter, through this interpretation, aims to re-examine the foundations of Western philosophy. Volpi also delved into the problem of nihilism, seeking to outline possible paths for its therapy and for a perspective on its overcoming. In his analysis, nihilism corrodes truths and weakens religions, but it also opens up spaces for a prudent and open practical philosophy. Interests in the philosophy of religion also emerge in his reflections on theological voluntarism, as well as on authors like N. Gómez Dávila, whose faith in God he emphasizes as the “truth of all illusions,” not proven but “postulated without ambiguity.”
Keywords: Franco Volpi, nihilism, overcoming of nihilism, theological voluntarism, hermeneutic
DYNAMICS CHANGES IN ENDOTHELIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX INDUCED BY VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN
No full textPreviously we described the vascular extracellular matrix remodeling
induced by normal VLDL at physiological levels
1) Particularly, we described the differences in chondroitin sulfate/
dermatan sulfate proteoglycans (CS/DS-PGs) according to
the endothelial cell phenotypes. 2) The aim of the present study was to analyze the expression
pattern of CS/DS-PGs in the presence of increasing levels of
N-VLDL. Human N-VLDL were isolated by ultracentrifugation
from healthy volunteers. Human umbilical vein endothelial
cells (HlNEC) were obtained and cultured as described by Ulrich-
Merzenic.
3) Then, HlNEC were incubated with 0,75 and 100 mcg/mL of
lipoprotein for 24 h.
Protocols were approved by the Bioethics Committee of the University
of Buenos Aires, Argentina. After treatment, CS/DS-PGs
were characterized through:
1) PG core protein secretion, specifically decorin, biglycan, and
versican analysis by immunoblot;
2) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) content studied by reverse phase
HPLC;
3) the levels of chondroitin N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-2
(ChGn-2) and chondroitin-4-0-sulfotransferase-1 (C4ST-1)
mRNA by RT-PCR.
A significant increase in the protein core of decorin and biglycan
was detected after treatment (0 vs 75 and 0 vs 100 mcg/mL
N-VLDL,p<0.05, n=3), whereas for versican the increase was only
observed at 75 mcg/mL (0 vs 75 mcg/mL N-VLDL,p<O.OOl,n=3).
A significant increase in CS and DS chains was detected at both
levels of N-VLDL (38.5±15.0; 388.0±20.0 and 82.5±50.0 ng/mL; 0,
75 and 100 mcg/mL N-VLDL,p<0.05, n=3), accompanied by an increase
in the sulfation ratio 4S/0S of CS and DS chains (4.88±0.13;
13.97±1.8; 14.53±11.46; 0, 75 y 100 mcg/mL, n=3). No differences
were observed in ChGn-2 and C4ST-1. At physiological levels,
VLDL induced a CS/DS-PG secretion pattern that may contribute
to the atheroprotective properties of this endothelial phenotype;
such characteristics were lost in the presence of higher levels of
the lipoprotein. Our results highlight the importance of CS/DS
PGs as a new target for atherosclerosis treatment,
Bibliografia
1. Oberkersch R, Rasente Y, Barakian B., Yuschak S., Volpi N., Calabrese
G. Extracellular matrix remodeling of endothelial cell was induced by
very low density lipoproteins through NFKB activation. 28° Congresso
Nazionale della Societa ltaliana per 10 Studio dell'Arteriosclerosi. Roma,
Italia. November 23·25, 2014. .
2. Oberkersch R, Rasente Y, Gualco L, Yuschak S, Calabrese G. Very low
density lipoproteins induce differential vascular extracellular remodeling
according to the endothelial phenotype. Angiogenesis and Leukocytes
Atherosclerosis. Geneve, Switzerland. January 30-31, 2014.
3. Ulrich-Merzenich G, Metzner C, Bhonde R, MaIsch G, Schiermeyer
B, Vetter H. Simultaneous isolation of endothelial and smooth muscle
cells from human umbilical artery or vein and their growth response to
low-density lipoproteins
Steve Renette, Lagash I – The Ceramic Corpus from Al-Hiba, 1968-1990. A Chrono-Typology of the Pottery Tradition in Southern Mesopotamia During the Third and Early Second Millennium BCE (Luca Volpi)
No full textSteve Renette, Lagash I – The Ceramic Corpus from Al-Hiba, 1968-1990. A Chrono-Typology of the Pottery Tradition
in Southern Mesopotamia During the Third and Early Second Millennium BCE, Aratta i, Brepols, Turnhout,
2021, xxvi, 450 pages, 228 fig. b/n, 1 col., 366 tables. b/n, isbn 978-2-503-59020-2
Catalog of Nabidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) for the Neotropical Region
No full textVolpi, Lorena N., Coscarón, Maria Del Carmen (2010): Catalog of Nabidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) for the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa 2513: 50-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19607
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