194 research outputs found
Isolations and purifications of AZAs from naturally contaminated materials, and evaluation of their toxicological effects (ASTOX)
No full textSince 1995, when several people became ill following consumption of shellfish from Ireland, azaspiracids (AZAs) have been known as shellfish toxins, causing symptoms associated with gastro-intestinal disorders, including diarrhoea, vomiting, headaches and others. The aims of the ASTOX-project were to provide control tools for the analysis of AZAs in shellfish, i.e. calibration standards and tissue reference materials (RMs), and to clarify the toxicity of AZAs in qualitative and quantitative terms, i.e. to understand the mode of action of AZAs and to derive a No Observable Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for safe consumption of shellfish.Funder: Marine Institut
Carotid artery dissection
No full textCarotid dissection may be spontaneous, traumatic or iatrogenic. The incidence of this disease is very low. Carotid dissection is a rare cause of ischemic stroke and the instrumental diagnosis includes conventional angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound techniques and helical computed tomography angiography. Anticoagulant therapies are recommended for all the patients regardless by dissection's aetiology in order to prevent thromboembolic complications. Options for open surgical repair include resection of the involved segment with interposition of vein graft, thromboendarterectomy and patch closure, extracranial to intracranial carotid artery bypass, gradual dilation of the carotid artery and ligation of the cervical carotid artery. More recently endovascular techniques have been used to treat high-grade stenosis and aneurysmal dilatation as a consequence of a carotid dissection. No evidence exists about the benefits of one technique than the others. In any case, surgical or endovascular treatment should be reserved for patients who have persistent symptoms of ischemia despite adequate anticoagulation. In this report we review recent new knowledges in epidemiology and pathogenesis of carotid artery dissection, paying particular attention to clinical manifestations, methods of diagnosis and kinds of treatment
Surgical management of popliteal artery aneurysms: Which factors affect outcomes?
No full textObjective: Popliteal artery aneurysm (PAA) is uncommon. The clinical presentation of PAA includes rupture, embolism, and thrombosis. In this article, we evaluate the results of our 20-year experience with surgical management of PAAs, analyzing the role of anatomic, clinical, and surgical factors that potentially affect early and long-term results. Methods: From January 1984 to December 2004, 159 PAAs in 137 patients were operated on at our department. Data from all the patients were retrospectively collected in a database. PAAs were asymptomatic in 67 cases (42%); 5 (3%) PAAs were ruptured. In 51 cases (32%), PAA caused intermittent claudication. The remaining 36 limbs (23%) had threatening ischemia due in 30 cases to acute PAA thrombosis, in 4 cases to chronic PAA thrombosis, and in 2 cases to distal embolization. In selected patients with acute ischemia, preoperative intra-arterial thrombolysis with urokinase was performed. Early results in terms of mortality, graft thrombosis, and limb salvage were assessed. Follow-up consisted of clinical and ultrasonographic examinations at 1, 6, and 12 months and yearly thereafter. Long-term survival, patency, and limb salvage rates were analyzed. Results: Forty cases were treated with aneurysmectomy and prosthetic graft interposition; in 39 cases, the aneurysm was opened, and a graft was placed inside the aneurysm. Four patients had aneurysmectomy with end-to-end anastomosis. In 73 cases, ligation of the aneurysm with bypass grafting (39 with a prosthetic graft and 34 with an autologous vein) was performed. The remaining three patients underwent endovascular exclusion of their PAAs. A medial approach was used in 97 patients (61%), and a posterior approach was used in 59 patients (37.1%). The outflow vessel was in most cases (93.7%) the below-knee popliteal artery. Thirty-day amputation and death rates were 4.4% (7/159 limbs) and 2.1% (3/137 patients), respectively. The amputation rate was significantly higher in symptomatic limbs than in asymptomatic ones (6.5% and 1.4%, respectively; P = .05). Eight limbs (5%) had an early graft thrombosis that required a reintervention. Follow-up was available in 116 patients (84.7%) and 138 limbs (86%) with a mean follow-up time of 40 months (range, 1-205 months). The cumulative estimated 60-month survival, limb salvage, and primary and secondary patency rates were 84.2%, 86.7%, 66.3%, and 83.6%, respectively. Asymptomatic limbs had significantly better results than symptomatic ones in terms of limb salvage (93.4% and 80.4%, respectively; P = .03; log-rank, 4.2) and primary patency (86.5% and 51.6%, respectively; P = .001; log-rank, 10.3). Among symptomatic patients, results were better in claudicant limbs than in acutely ischemic ones in terms of limb salvage (90.5% and 58.7%, respectively; P = .001; log-rank, 17.5). Univariate analysis showed the absence of symptoms, the presence of two or three tibial vessels, the use of a posterior approach, the kind of intervention, and the site of distal anastomosis to significantly affect long-term patency. Cox regression for factors affecting 60-month primary patency showed that clinical presentation, runoff status, and the site of distal anastomosis significantly influenced long-term results. Conclusions: Results of surgery on asymptomatic PAAs are good - significantly better than those for symptomatic ones. Elective surgical intervention should be performed in patients with a low surgical risk and a long life expectancy when the correct indication exists. In thrombosed aneurysms, intra-arterial thrombolysis may represent an alternative to emergent surgical management. Our data demonstrated that results are similarly good in claudicants, and this fact confirms that only acute ischemia due to PAA thrombosis represents a real surgical challenge. In selected patients with focal lesions, a posterior approach seems to offer better long-term results. The runoff status and the site of distal anastomosis affect long-term patency as well. Copyright © 2006 by The Society for Vascular Surgery
The Treatment of Isolated Iliac Artery Aneurysm in Patients with Non-aneurysmal Aorta
No full textObjectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate early and mid-term results of surgical repair of isolated iliac artery aneurysm (IAA) in patients with non aneurysmal abdominal aorta. Methods: From January 1996 to December 2006, 34 patients with IAA had elective surgery. In 32 cases open repair was performed. Two patients had endovascular repair using a tube endoprosthesis and internal iliac artery coil embolization. The diameters of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries were measured preoperatively and during follow-up. Early and late results in terms of mortality, major morbidity, reinterventions and graft-related complications were recorded. Mean pre and postoperative diameters of abdominal aorta were compared. Results: The site of the IAA was the common iliac artery in 29 cases (10 bilateral), internal iliac artery in 4 cases and external iliac artery in 1 case. Preoperative mean abdominal aortic diameter was 22.2 mm (SD 7.6). There were no perioperative deaths and two major complications (retroperitoneal bleeding and limb ischemia) occurred. At the median follow-up time of 24 months survival was estimated as 91%. No reinterventions, graft thrombosis and graft related complications occurred. There were no cases of abdominal aorta aneurysm development. Mean aortic diameter at the most recent imaging was 23.1 mm, which was not significantly different from preoperative values (p = 0.2). Conclusions: Surgical treatment of IAAs provides good early and mid-term results. During mid-term follow-up the diameter of abdominal aorta remains stable, suggesting IAA may be a localized aneurysmal disease. © 2007 European Society for Vascular Surgery
Beitrag zur Säugetierfauna des Staatlichen Naturschutzgebietes Azas in Tyva/Südsibirien = Contributions to Fauna and Ecology of Small Mammals of State Nature Reserve “Azas” in the Republic of Tyva /South Siberia
No full textDuring 1988-2004 Russian and German biologists carried out a research of biodiversity of the mountain taiga within the territory of State Nature Reserve “Azas” (Republic of Tyva/Russia). Along with executing the main task – studying and development of an aboriginal population of Tuvinian beavers Castor fiber tuvinicus – materials on the fauna of small mammals of the Todzha kettle were collected. On the basis of samples (about 550 collected micromammals) information on the occurrence, reproduction and morphometric characteristics of four species of Insectivora, six species of Chiroptera and eleven species of small Rodentia inhabiting the territory of the reserve “Azas” was given. All findings were taken in August-September. Many species are described for the first time for Todzha kettle (northeast Tyva). The role of predatory fish species in the elimination of small mammals in the ecosystem of the Azas river was proved
Carotid endarterectomy in patients with acute neurological symptoms: A case-control study
No full textObjective: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate our experience in urgent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in patients with acute neurological symptoms comparing them with results obtained in stable symptomatic patients in a case-control study. Materials and methods: From January 1996 to December 2005, 3336 consecutive CEAs were performed at our department. In 70 cases CEA was carried out in patients with acute neurological deficit; in all these patients, clinical presentations were recent (<24 h) or crescendo (defined as two or more episodes in 24 h, with complete recovery after each episode) TIAs (group 1). The control group was randomly obtained from our historical database and consisted of 352 stable symptomatic patients operated on in the same period (group 2). Early (30-day) results in the two groups were compared by x2 and Fisher exact tests; follow-up data were analysed by life-table analysis (Kaplan-Meier test) and results in subgroups were compared by means of log-rank test. Results: Considering mortality and any neurological morbidity, the patients of group 1 showed a cumulative rate of death and neurological complication significantly higher than those in group 2 (5.4% and 0.3%, respectively; P=005); however, when analysing 30-day disabling strokes and deaths, the patients of group 1 had a cumulative complication rate of 1.4%, whereas in group 2 the corresponding figure was 0.3% (P=n.s.). In patients of group 1, univariate analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis for 30-day risk of stroke and death did not show any influence of comorbidities, clinical status, anatomical and surgical features. Estimated cumulative 36-month survival was significantly better in group 2 than in group 1. Considering the absence of ipsilateral stroke at 36 months, there were no differences between the two groups; however, analysing the estimated absence of any neurological events, both ipsilateral and contralateral, at 36 months, patients of group 1 had a higher risk than those of group 2. Conclusions: Urgent CEA in patients with recentycrescendo TIA and appropriate carotid artery lesion, carries good early and longterm results, which, however, remain slightly poorer than those obtained in symptomatic patients with a stable neurological status
The AzAs (Antizionist Antisemitism) Scale: Measuring Antisemitism as Expressed in Relation to Israel and Its Supporters
No full textThis paper reports on the development and testing of the AzAs (Antizionist Antisemitism) scale: a six-item questionnaire instrument for measuring antisemitic attitudes as articulated in the language of hostility to Israel and its supporters. It is important to be able to recognize and measure this kind of antisemitism because it is often embedded within ostensibly democratic discourse. The identification of this antisemitism is frequently contested even by those who are in broad agreement on the recognition of older forms of antisemitism. The scale contains a balance of protrait and contrait items, and achieved a satisfactory level of internal consistency when piloted on a sample of US-based respondents recruited through the Mechanical Turk crowdsourcing market (N = 122). There appears to be no relationship between scores on the scale and the subjective political position of respondents (as measured on a left-right self-report scale). We suggest that the AzAs scale will be of general use in measuring antizionist antisemitism because (a) it collects several familiar and demonstrably antisemitic ideas expressed in relation to Israel and its supporters and (b) it exhibits good psychometric properties
Design and evaluation of polymeric vectors of N-heterocyclic iminium with anti-plasmodial activity
No full textLa vectorisation de médicaments a mis en exergue de réelles innovations pharmacologiques et pharmacocinétiques. Néanmoins, peu d’études originales ont été menées sur les vecteurs à visée antiparasitaire. Seuls des médicaments pour lesquels les parasites ont développé des mécanismes de résistance, ont été utilisés en vectorisation. Les conditions et coûts de préparation de ces nanoformulations sont également un frein majeur à leur future production. L’enjeu consistait donc à développer des nanovecteurs permettant la délivrance de nouvelles classes d’antiparasitaires, tout en s’appuyant sur une stratégie de synthèse « click » à la fois accessible et innovante. Dans un premier temps, le potentiel antipaludique de nouveaux sels d’iminium N-hétérocycliques a été évalué sur Plasmodium falciparum, responsable du paludisme. Les sels de bis-aminopyridiniums se sont avérés être les plus prometteurs avec des activités de l’ordre du sub-micromolaire et un mécanisme d’action original probablement lié à leurs forts pouvoirs rédox. Dans un deuxième temps, la vectorisation de ces candidats bis-aminopyridinium a été entreprise par la préparation de nanovecteurs de type conjugués polymère-médicament. Ces derniers ont été obtenus via une stratégie simple consistant en l’utilisation du bis-aminopyridinium comme initiateur de la polymérisation de son propre nanovecteur. L’étude des RSA a souligné l’importance d’un premier bloc acrylate et d’un arrangement sphérique sur l’activité. Ainsi, un système tribloc soluble, biodégradable et furtif, de tailles inferieures à 100 nm, vectorisant 5 mol% de principe actif, a permis le maintien d’une bonne activité antiplasmodiale, sans effet cytotoxique.Drug delivery has emphasised real pharmacological and pharmacokinetic advancements. Nevertheless, few in-depth and original studies have been conducted on antimalarial vectors. Only approved drugs, for which the parasites have developed resistance mechanisms, have been used in vectorization. The conditions and costs of preparation of these nanoformulations constitute a major barrier to their future production. This project aimed at developing nanovectors for the delivery of new antiparasitic drugs, while relying on a both accessible and innovative "click" synthesis strategy. First, the antimalarial efficiency of new N-heterocyclic iminium salts was evaluated on Plasmodium falciparum, responsible for malaria. Bis-aminopyridinium salts proved to be the most promising candidates with sub-micromolar antiplasmodial activities and an original mechanism of action, probably related to their strong redox properties. Secondly, the vectorization of these bis-aminopyridinium drug candidates was undertaken through preparation of polymer-drug conjugate nanovectors. The latter were obtained via a simple strategy, consisting in the use of the bis-aminopyridinium salt as polymerization initiator of its own nanovector. The SAR study underlined the need for a first acrylate block and spherical arrangements on the activity. Hence, a soluble, biodegradable, and stealth triblock system with sizes lower than 100 nm and enabling the delivery of 5 mol% of drug, showed effective antiplasmodial activity, without any cytotoxic effect
Carotid endarterectomy in patients with acute neurological symptoms
No full textAim. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate our experience in urgent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in patients with acute neurological symptoms comparing the results with those obtained in stable symptomatic patients in a case-control study. Methods. From January 1996 to December 2003, 2 564 consecutive CEAs were performed at our Department. In 55 cases CEA was carried out in patients with acute neurological deficit; in all these patients, clinical presentation were recent (<24 h) or crescendo (defined as 2 or more episodes in 24 h, with complete recovery after each episode) TIAs (group 1). Control group was randomly obtained from our historical database and consisted of 225 stable symptomatic patients operated on in the same period (group 2). Early (30 day) results in the 2 groups were compared by χ2 and Fisher exact tests; follow-up data were analysed by life-table analysis (Kaplan-Meier test) and results in subgroups were compared by means of log-rank test. Results. Considering mortality and any neurological morbidity, the patients of group 1 showed a cumulative rate of death and neurological complication significantly higher than those in group 2 (5.4% and 0.8%, respectively; P=0.005); however, when analyzing 30-day disabling strokes and deaths, the patients of group 1 had a cumulative complication rate of 1.8%, as in group 2 the corresponding figure was 0.4%. In patients of group 1 univariate analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis for 30-day risk of stroke and death did not show any influence of comorbidities, clinical status, anatomical and surgical features. Estimated cumulative 36 months-survival was significantly better in group 2 than in group 1. Considering the absence of ipsilateral stroke at 36 months, there were no differences between the 2 groups; however, analyzing the estimated absence of any neurological events, both ipsilateral and contralateral, at 36 months, patients of group 1 had a higher risk than those of group 2. Conclusion. Urgent CEA in patients with recent/crescendo TIA and appropriate carotid artery lesion carries good early and long term results, which however remain slightly poorer than those obtained in symptomatic patients with a stable neurological status
IMPLEMENTASI AZAS KERAHASIAAN OLEH GURU BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING DALAM UPAYA MENARIK MINAT PESERTA DIDIK MENGIKUTI LAYANAN BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING DI UPT SMP N 4 BANDAR LAMPUNG
No full textABSTRAK
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya fenomena masih
rendahnya minat peserta didik untuk mengikuti layanan bimbingan
dan konseling di sekolah. Minat peserta didik dalam mengikuti
layanan bimbingan dan konseling merupakan permasalahan yang
umum terjadi di sekolah. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari peserta didik jarang
datang ke ruang BK, peserta didik tidak tertarik meminta bantuan
pada guru bimbingan dan konseling karena anggapan peserta didik
bahwa guru bimbingan dan konseling adalah polisi sekolah,
kurangnya minat peserta didik untuk mengunjungi ruangan BK,
peserta didik tidak datang berdasarkan keinginan sendiri, peserta didik
beranggapan guru bimbingan dan konseling kurang dapat menjaga
kerahasiaannya, serta kurangnya sosialisasi atau pengenalan
bimbingan dan konseling oleh guru guru bimbingan dan konseling.
Tujuan dilaksanakan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui
penerapan azas kerahasiaan oleh guru bimbingan dan konseling dalam
upaya menarik minat peserta didik mengikuti layanan bimbingan dan
konseling.
Dalam penelitian ini, pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan
adalah kualitatif dengan desain penelitian yakni kualitatif deskriptif.
Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa wawancara,
observasi, dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru
bimbingan dan konseling serta 3 peserta didik kelas VIII yang telah
direkomendasikan oleh guru bimbingan dan konseling. Teknik
pengambilan sample yang digunakan yaitu purposive sampling.
Dalam teknik menganalisis data, penulis menggunakan teknik analisis
deskriptif kualitatif, yang dilakukan dengan tiga cara yaitu reduksi
data, penyajian data dan mengambil kesimpulan. Teknik pemeriksaan
keabsahan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik triangulasi.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, implementasi azas kerahasiaan
oleh guru bimbingan dan konseling dalam upaya menarik minat
peserta didik mengikuti layanan bimbingan dan konseling di UPT
SMP N 4 Bandar Lampung menghasilkan yakni : 1) menarik minat
serta adanya peningkatan minat peserta didik untuk mengikuti layanan
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bimbingan dan konseling; 2) guru bimbingan dan konseling sudah
melakukan tahap perencanaan dan langkah-langkah proses
pelaksanaan layanan bimbingan dan konseling dalam menerapkan
azas kerahasiaan dengan sesuai, seperti guru bimbingan dan konseling
memberikan layanan yang sesuai dengan permasalahan secara
menyenangkan dan melakukan kesepakatan bersama; 3) pada evaluasi
hasil adanya perubahan perilaku positif yang ditunjukkan oleh peserta
didik yang sudah mengikuti layanan bimbingan dan konseling, dilihat
dari meningkatnya gambaran minat peserta didik mengikuti layanan
bimbingan dan konseling. Dengan demikian, kesimpulannya bahwa
dengan sudah terlaksananya penerapan azas kerahasiaan oleh guru
bimbingan dan konseling, dapat menarik minat serta meningkatkan
minat peserta didik untuk mengikuti layanan bimbingan dan
konseling.
Kata Kunci : Azas Kerahasiaan, Minat Peserta Didik, Layanan
Bimbingan dan Konseling
v
ABSTRACT
This research was motivated by the phenomenon of the low
interest of students to take part in guidance and counseling services at
school. Students' interest in participating in guidance and counseling
services was a common problem in schools. This could be seen from
the students who rarely come to the counseling room, students who
were not interested in asking for help from the guidance and
counseling teacher because of the students' assumption that the
guidance and counseling teacher was the school police, the lack of
interest of students to visited the guidance and counseling room,
students did not come based on their own desires, students thought
that guidance and counseling teachers were less able to maintain
confidentiality, and lack of socialization or introduction of guidance
and counseling by guidance and counseling teachers. The purpose of
this research was to find out the application of the principle of secrecy
by guidance and counseling teachers to students' interest in
participating in guidance and counseling services.
In this study the research approach used was qualitative with a
research design that was descriptive qualitative. Data collection
techniques used in the form of interviews, observation and
documentation. The subjects of this study were guidance and
counseling teachers and 3 participants class VIII students who has
been recommended by the guidance and counseling teacher. The
sampling technique used was purposive sampling. In the technique of
analyzing data, the writer uses a qualitative descriptive analysis
technique, which was done in three ways, namely data reduction, data
presentation and drawing conclusions. The technique of checking the
validity of the data in this study uses a triangulation technique.
Based on the results of this study, the implementation of the
principle of secrecy by guidance and counseling teachers in an effort
to attract students' interest in participating in guidance and
counseling services at UPT SMP N 4 in Bandar Lampung resulted in:
1) attracting interest and an increase in students' interest in
participating in guidance and counseling services ; 2) the guidance
vi
and counseling teacher has carried out the planning stages and the
steps in the process of implementing guidance and counseling services
in applying the principle of confidentiality in an appropriate manner,
such as the guidance and counseling teacher providing services that
were appropriated to the problem in a pleasant manner and making a
mutual agreement; 3) on the evaluation of the results of positive
behavior changes shown by students who had attended guidance and
counseling services, seen from the increasing description of students'
interest in participating in guidance and counseling services. Thus,
the conclusion was that with the implementation of the principle of
confidentiality by guidance and counseling teachers, it could attracted
interest and increase students' interest in participating in guidance
and counseling services.
Keywords: Confidentiality Principle, Student Interests, Guidance and
Counseling Service
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