30 research outputs found
Partial Characterization of Bacteriocin Producced by Native Isolates Of Enteroccocus and Pediococcus Species
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections and prevention by bacterial interference: A review
No full textUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common nosocomial infections, accounting for 40% of all nosocomial infections. As much as 80% of these infections are associated with the use of urinary catheters. The risk of developing catheter-associated UTI increases with each day of catheterization. The pathogenesis of catheter-associated UTI is related to susceptibility of inert catheter material to microbial colonization. Once firmly attached on the catheter surface or the uroepithelium, bacteria begin to change phenotypically, moving into the sessile, biofilm mode of growth. Bacterial interference or using nonpathogenic bacteria to prevent symptomatic infection may offer a solution to the problem of recurrent UTI in chronically catheterized individuals
Microscopic Detection of Adulteration of Bengal Gram (Cicer Arietinum) Flour with other Legume Flour based on the Seed Testa Macrosclereids
No full textBesan, the flour of Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum
Linn), a legume, is a popular ingredient of many culinary
dishes in India. Because of its high demand, its flour is
often adulterated by that of other legumes, such as,
Lathyrus sativus (lathyrus) or Pisum sativum (pea) by
unscrupulous traders. There are chemical methods of paper
chromatography and HPLC by which the adulteration with
the flour of L. sativus can be established but they are
sophisticated techniques. At present, there are no chemical
methods by which the adulteration with the flour of P.
sativum can be detected. Microscopy is a simple technique
and has been used for detection of adulteration of a number
of food grains. Microscopic observation of the flour of
these three legumes showed that their seed testa macrosclereids
are distinct in their shape and size. The macrosclereids
of C. arietinum are longer with a mean length of
155.6 microns and are bent at one end. Those of either P.
sativum or L. sativus are shorter with a mean length of 61.8
and 72 microns respectively, with flat ends and with a
different morphology. The seed testa macrosclereids of
other edible legumes also show differences in morphology.
Thus, it was observed that microscopic observation of the
besan flour for the macrosclereids of other legumes is a
powerful but simple means by which detection of adulteration
of besan with the flour of P. sativum or L. sativus or
by other edible legumes can be made. These observations
make the subject matter of this manuscript
Immunohistochemical, histopathological study and chemoprotective effect of Solanum nigrum in N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in Wistar rats
No full textBackground and Aim: Cancer is a devastating disease with a severe impact on the physical and psychological well-being of patients. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been reported in various species of animals including dogs, cats, sheep, and pigs. The present study aimed to study the immunohistochemical and histopathological changes and chemoprotective effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Solanum nigrum on N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced HCC rat model.
Materials and Methods: Eighty-two male Wistar rats of 15 weeks of age weighing 200-250 g were selected for the experiment. They were randomly divided into ten groups. Group I served as normal control consisted of healthy rats. HCC was induced in Group II, IV, V, VI, VII, and X rats using NDEA as inducing agent followed by phenobarbitone as a promoter for 16 weeks. Group II rats were kept untreated as HCC control. Group III rats were kept as vehicle control (0.05% Sodium bicarbonate). Group IV and V rats were treated with aqueous extract of S. nigrum at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively, and Group VI and VII rats were treated with an alcoholic extract of S. nigrum at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively, daily orally for 28 days. Group X rats were treated with sorafenib as reference drug at a dose of 11.4 mg/kg daily orally for 28 days. Group VIII and IX rats were kept as aqueous and alcoholic extract control for studying the effect of the same on normal rats. Liver samples were collected to study the gross and histopathological lesions and the activity of cleaved caspase-3 and chemopreventive effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of S. nigrum on HCC.
Results: The liver sections of rats from HCC control (Group II) showed loss of lobular architecture, necrosis, fatty change, enlarged and darkened nuclei with variable size, dilatation of hepatic sinusoids with Kupffer cell hyperplasia, dilatation and proliferation of bile duct, and intranuclear vacuoles and also showed the presence of more than one nucleolus. Administration of alcoholic extract of S. nigrum and sorafenib to NDEA/phenobarbital-treated rats reduced the severity of lesions in the liver. Immunohistochemical analysis of liver sections for caspase-3-positive cells of hepatic cancer-induced group showed immunoreactivity to rarely few. The immunoreactivity of the hepatocytes treated with a higher dose of alcoholic extract of S. nigrum was limited and was comparable to a standard drug, sorafenib.
Conclusion: Oral administration of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of S. nigrum for 28 days showed significant rejuvenation in the structure of the liver in the histopathological section in a dose-dependent manner in rats
Sustained increase in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease incidence across the South West United Kingdom over the last 10 years
No full textBackground: pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (pIBD) incidence has increased over the last 25 years. We aim to report contemporaneous trends across the South West United Kingdom.Methods: data were provided from centers covering the South West United Kingdom (Bristol, Oxford, Cardiff, Exeter, and Southampton), with a total area at-risk population (<18 years of age) of 2 947 534. Cases were retrieved from 2013 to 2022. Incident rates were reported per 100 000 at-risk population, with temporal trends analyzed through correlation. Subgroup analysis was undertaken for age groups (0-6, 6-11, and 12-17 years of age), sex, and disease subtype. Choropleth maps were created for local districts.Results: in total, 2497 pIBD cases were diagnosed between 2013 and 2022, with a mean age of 12.6 years (38.7% female). Diagnosis numbers increased from 187 to 376, with corresponding incidence rates of 6.0 per 100 000 population per year (2013) to 12.4 per 100 000 population per year (2022) (b = 0.918, P < .01). Female rates increased from 5.1 per 100 000 population per year in 2013 to 11.0 per 100 000 population per year in 2022 (b = 0.865, P = .01). Male rates increased from 5.7 per 100 000 population per year to 14.4 per 100 000 population per year (b = 0.832, P = .03). Crohn's disease incidence increased from 3.1 per 100 000 population per year to 6.3 per 100 000 population per year (b = 0.897, P < .01). Ulcerative colitis increased from 2.3 per 100 000 population per year to 4.3 per 100 000 population per year (b = 0.813, P = .04). Inflammatory bowel disease unclassified also increased, from 0.6 per 100 000 population per year to 1.8 per 100 000 population per year (b = 0.851, P = .02). Statistically significant increases were seen in those ≥12 to 17 years of age, from 11.2 per 100 000 population per year to 24.6 per 100 000 population per year (b = 0.912, P < .01), and the 7- to 11-year-old age group, with incidence rising from 4.4 per 100 000 population per year to 7.6 per 100 000 population per year (b = 0.878, P = .01). There was no statistically significant increase in very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (≤6 years of age) (b = 0.417, P = .231).Conclusions: we demonstrate significant increases in pIBD incidence across a large geographical area including multiple referral centers. Increasing incidence has implications for service provision for services managing pIBD.</p
Aflatoxin Determination in Black Tea (Camellia Sinensis) – Status and Development of a Protocol.
No full textAflatoxins, toxic mold metabolites, are naturally contaminants of food and have
been reported on tea (Camellia sinensis), but there are no validated methods published
for its determination.Amethod has been standardized incorporating Tween-
20, a nonionic surfactant in the extraction solvent, with use of an immunoaffinity
column for cleanup followed by postcolumnphotochemical derivatization reversedphase
high-performance liquid chromatography.Acceptable recoveries of 76–100%
were observed when spiked with aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2. Analysis of market
samples of black tea showed the presence of aflatoxigenic molds in 25.9% of samples,
and aflatoxin B1 was detected in one sample at a level of 19.2 mg/kg. Aflatoxin production
was observed in tea samples artificially inoculated with the conidia of an
aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus.Major portion of the aflatoxins added to the
tea leaves remains in the residue when boiled with water, and 30.6% gets partitioned
into the filtrate,which is the component used to prepare the beverage
Immunohistochemical, histopathological study and chemoprotective effect of Solanum nigrum in N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in Wistar rats
No full textRole of Trunk Rehabilitation on Trunk Control, Balance and Gait in Patients with Chronic Stroke: A Pre-Post Design
Get PDFA Multiclass Classification Method Based on Convolutional Neural Network for Leaf Identification
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