13 research outputs found
ANALISIS RISIKO UPPER LIMB DISORDERS (ULDs) PADA PEKERJA PRODUKSI TISU BASAH DENGAN ASSESSMENT OF REPETITIVE TASKS
No full textJika membutuhkan abstrak atau isi jurnal silahkan menghubungi author melalui email [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Terima kasi
PENJADWALAN PRODUKSI TISU SANITIZER UNTUK MEMINIMASI TARDY JOB DENGAN ALGORITMA HODGSON
No full textJika membutuhkan abstrak atau isi jurnal silahkan menghubungi author melalui email [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Terima kasih  Â
TISU: Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, as first treatment option, compared with direct progression to ureteroscopic treatment, for ureteric stones: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
No full text\ua9 2018 The Author(s). Background: Urinary stone disease is very common with an estimated prevalence among the general population of 2-3%. Ureteric stones are associated with severe pain as they pass through the urinary tract and have significant impact on patients\u27 quality of life due to the detrimental effect on their ability to work and need for hospitalisation. Most ureteric stones can be expected to pass spontaneously with supportive care. However, between one-fifth and one-third of cases require an intervention. The two standard active intervention options are extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) and ureteroscopic stone retrieval. ESWL and ureteroscopy are effective in terms of stone clearance; however, they differ in terms of invasiveness, anaesthetic requirement, treatment setting, complications, patient-reported outcomes (e.g. pain after intervention, time off work) and cost. There is uncertainty around which is the most clinically effective in terms of stone clearance and the true cost to the NHS and to society (in terms of impact on patient-reported health and economic burden). The aim of this trial is to determine whether, in adults with ureteric stones, judged to require active intervention, ESWL is not inferior and is more cost-effective compared to ureteroscopic treatment as the initial management option. Methods: The TISU study is a pragmatic multicentre non-inferiority randomised controlled trial of ESWL as the first treatment option compared with direct progression to ureteroscopic treatment for ureteric stones. Patients aged over 16 years with a ureteric stone confirmed by non-contrast computed tomography of the kidney, ureter and bladder (CTKUB) will be randomised to either ESWL or ureteroscopy. The primary clinical outcome is resolution of the stone episode (no further intervention required to facilitate stone clearance) up to six months from randomisation. The primary economic outcome is the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained at six months from randomisation. Discussion: Determining whether ESWL is not inferior clinically and is cost-effective compared to ureteroscopic treatment as the initial management in adults with ureteric stones who are judged to require active treatment is relevant not only to patients and clinicians but also to healthcare providers, both in the UK and globally
Imprisonment and it's application
No full textAutore ir izvelējusies šo tematu, jo uzskata, ka problēmas, kas ir saistītas ar brīvības atņemšanu ir aktuālas visām valstīm. Piemerojot brīvības atņemšanas sodu valdībai ir jārisina vairākas problēmas un galvenās no tām ir: pirmkārt sodīt noziedznieku un otrkārt, pēc iespējas vairāk ieverot viņa konstitucionāli garantētas tiesības. Autore pieversa uzmanību brīvības atņemšanas regulējumam nacionālajos tiesību aktos un starptautiskajos normatīvajos aktos un līgumos. Tika pieversta uzmanība brīvības atņemšanas soda vēsturei un tā redulējumam 20.gadsimtā un mūsdienās.
Galvenie informācijas avoti ir nacionālie tiesību akti, valsts iestāžu atskaites, pētījumi, tisu prakse un statistiskie dati, kā arī zinātniskie pētījumi.This theme has been chosen by the author because of a problem of imprisonment and it’s applications is relevant to all countries.
The government try to decide several problems: first, to punish the criminal, and secondly to observe the constitutionally guaranteed rights.
The author consider the definition of judicial punishment and imprisonment, the regulation of this type of punishment in Latvia, as well as in the international documents.
The author paid attention to the history of punishment and its regulation in our country in the 20 th century and now.
The main sources of information were national regulations, international documents, research and judicial practice
وصف حالة القيم الإنسانية في قصة قصيرة "بائع المناديل" لعبد الحميد بشارة
No full textمستخلص البحث
فمن خلال هذه القصة القصيرة، وَصَف عبد الحميد بشارة حالة العلاقة الاجتماعية بين أفراد المجتمع في هذا الزمان المتطور. وبمرور الزمان وتطور التكنولوجيا انشغل الناس بأنواعٍ من الأعمال والأنشطة التي تقضي أوقاتهم. وبالإضافة إلى الفروق في المركز الاجتماعي على الأساس الاقتصادي أدى إلى ظهور صفات المتكبرة عند بعض الناس والتقليل باهتمام الآخرين من تحته في المركز الاجتماعي على الأساس الاقتصادي.
لقد نالت اهتمام الباحثة هذه القصة القصيرة مما جعلت الباحثة قامت تحليلها بدراسة بنيوية جينكية. ومن الأسئلة البحث على ما يلي: ما هي هيكلية القصة في قصة قصيرة "بائع المناديل"، ما هي الوقائع الإنسانية في قصة "بائع المناديل، ما هو الموضوع الجماعي في قصة "بائع المناديل"، وما هي نظرة المؤلف لِلْعَالَم في قصة "بائع المناديل" لعبد الحميد بشارة.
وهذا البحث من حيث نوعه هو البحث الكيفي (Library Research) واستخدم هذا البحث منهج الكيفي. وأما مصادر البيانات فهي كتاب مجموعة القصص القصيرة تحت العنوان "بائع المناديل" لعبد الحميد بشارة وكذلك الكتب فيما يتعلق بدراسة بنيوية جينتيكية إما من البحوث والمقالات والكتب الأدبية ككتب الأدب الاجتماعي.
حصلت الباحثة الوقائع الإنسانية الموصوفة هي حياة أشخاص الشوارع، وخاصة الأطفال الذين يبيعون المناديل للسائقين لكسب لقيمة العيش. أما بالنسبة الموضوع الجماعي هو وجود تفريق المركز المجتمع على الأساس الاقتصادي، أي المركز الاجتماعي العالي (السائقون) والمركز الاجتماعي الأدنى (الأطفال الذين يبيعون المنديل). وتتعلق نظرة المؤلف للعالم إلى فقدان للقيم الإنسانية في العلاقات الاجتماعية، ومن فقدان القيم الإنسانية في هذه القصة على ما يلي: القيمة المحبة والقيمة السلامة والقيمة الصالحة والقيمة الحقيقية وهي التعاون والاهتمام الآخر.
ABSTRACT
Through this short story, Abdul-Hamid Bishara describes the state of social relations between members of the community in this growing era. Over time and with the development of technology, people have been preoccupied with various activities that took up their time. They rarely communicate with each other. Class differences based on economic status lead to arrogant feelings in some people and less attention to others originating from social classes below.
This short story has attracted the attention of researchers, researchers formulated a number of problem statements including: how the structure of the story in the short story "Seller of Tissues", how humanity facts are reflected in the "Seller of Tissues", how the collective subject in the " Seller of Tissues " short stories, and how the world view the author in the short story "Seller of Tissues".
This type of research is library research. The research method is a qualitative method, the researcher obtained an explanation of the texts. The source of the data was obtained from a collection of short stories by Abdul Hamid Bishara entitled "Seller of Tissues". In addition, also from several books related to Genetic Structuralism, such as research articles, journals and literary books such as Sociology of Literature.
From this study, it was found that there was a change between figures and the relationship between figures and objects based on the story structure of short stories. The humanitarian facts illustrated are the lives of street people, especially small children who sell tissue to drivers to make a living. As for the collective subject which is illustrated by the distribution of the community class based on economic status, namely the superior group (driver) and inferior (children selling tissues). And the author's worldview is about the increasingly disappearing of human values in social relations, especially in how drivers treat street children, often they say harsh and hurt these street children. Missing human values are as follows: the value of love, value of calmness, value of virtue, and actual values such as helping others and caring for others
ABSTRAK
Melalui cerpen ini, Abdul Hamid Bishara menggambarkan keadaan hubungan sosial antara anggota masyarakat di zaman yang berkembang ini. Seiring berjalannya waktu dan dengan perkembangan teknologi, orang-orang telah disibukkan dengan berbagai kegiatan yang menyita waktu mereka. Mereka jarang berkomunikasi satu sama lain. Perbedaan kelas berdasarkan status ekonomi menyebabkan munculnya perasaan sombong pada diri beberapa orang dan kurang memperhatikan orang lain yangberasal dari kelas sosial di bawahnya.
Cerpen ini telah menarik perhatian peneliti, peneliti merumuskan beberapa rumusan masalah: bagaimana struktur cerita dalam cerpen “Penjual Tisu”, bagaimana Fakta Kemanusiaan yang tergambar dalam cerpen “Penjual Tisu”, bagaimana Subjek Kolektif dalam cerpen “Penjual Tisu”, serta bagaimana Pandangan Dunia Pengarang dalam cerpen “Penjual Tisu”.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka. Adapun metode penelitian adalah metode kualitatif, peneliti memperoleh penjelasan dari teks-teks.. Adapun sumber data diperoleh dari kumpulan cerpen karya Abdul Hamid Bishara dengan judul “Penjual Tisu”. Selain itu juga dari beberapa buku yang terkait dengan Strukturalisme Genetik, seperti artikel penelitian, jurnal serta buku-buku sastra seperti Sosiologi Sastra.
Dari penelitian ini, ditemukan adanya relasi antar tokoh serta relasi antara tokoh dengan objek berdasarkan struktur cerita cerpen. Adapun fakta kemanusiaan yang tergambar adalah kehidupan orang-orang jalanan khususnya anak-anak kecil yang menjual tisu kepada para pengemudi untuk mencari nafkah. Adapun subjek kolektif yang tergambar adanya pembagian kelas masyarakat berdasarkan status ekonomi yaitu kelompok superior (pengemudi) dan inferior (anak-anak penjual tisu). Dan pandangan dunia pengarang adalah tentang semakin hilangnya nilai kemanusiaan dalam hubungan sosial terutama dalam bagaimana para pengemudi memperlakukan anak-anak jalanan, seringkali mereka berkata kasar dan menyakiti anak-anak jalanan tersebut. Nilai-nilai kemanusiaan yang hilang adalah sebagai berikut: nilai cinta yaitu saling, nilai ketenangan, nilai kebajikan dan nilai sebenarnya seperti menolong sesama dan perduli terhadap sesam
ANALISIS RISIKO MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDs) PADA PEKERJA PRODUKSI TISU BASAH DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE WORKPLACE ERGONOMIC RISK ASSESSMENT (WERA) STUDI KASUS DI CV. COOL CLEAN, MALANG
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Dipublikasikan tanggal: 10 Juli 202
INTERPRETASI TIGA CERITA PENDEK “LILITH’S BIBLE” KE DALAM DRAWING
No full textDengan membaca cerita selalu ada gambaran yang muncul di setiap kata-katanya. Tafsiran atau interpretasi setiap orang terhadap kata atau suatu kalimat karya sastra pasti berbeda-beda. Dalam buku kumpulan cerita pendek “Lilith’s Bible” diceritakan tentang kemarahan Lilith yang sakit hati terhadap Adam. Kaum perempuan dibentuk dan dididik untuk menjadi ibu, istri, anak, dan saudara yang cantik, penurut, pasif, dan selalu mendukung para lelaki melalui berbagai cara yang mendisiplinkan raga dan jiwa, mulai dari cara berpakaian, cara duduk, larangan keluar malam sendirian, hingga pembatasan karier. Karena menurut penulis, wanita mempunyai sifat yang tidak dimiliki lelaki, jika lelaki bisa mempunyai jiwa keibuan, maka perempuan adalah ibu sesungguhnya, yang sekaligus mempunyai sifat tangguh. Dalam skripsi ini mempunyai rumusan masalah bagaimana merancang ide, bagaimana alat dan bahan yang digunakan, dan bagaimana analisis visual hasil karya. Penulis memilih cat air karena karakternya yang menarik, pencampuran warna yang dapat ditumpuk agar mendapatkan warna yang diinginkan. Penulis juga menggunakan beberapa metode yaitu kontemplasi, stimulus, dan pengolahan ide, yang diharapkan dapat menjadi strategi berkarya antara sastra dan drawing. Bahan yang digunakan diantaranya kertas aquarelle, kuas cat air, papan alas, cat air, briliant watercolor, art masking fluid, wadah air, dan tisu. Bahan yang digunakan tersebut diterapkan dalam bentuk drawing cat air di atas kertas. Penciptaan karya ini bertujuan menerapkan hasil interpretasi cerita pendek yang menjadi konsep, menjelaskan proses, dan menghasilkan analisis penciptaan karya. Penulis menggunakan figur perempuan karena semua tokoh utama dari tiga cerita pendek tersebut adalah perempuan. Setiap cerita pendek menghasilkan 3 karya drawing, sehingga ada sembilan karya drawing yang dihasilkan dan dibagi menjadi 3 judul sesuai jumlah cerita pendek yaitu Sisterhood Inside, Beauty Myth, dan Function of Motherhood? dengan adanya karya ini diharapkan dapat menambah kreativitas dan wawasan dalam dunia seni rupa. Selain itu, karya ini juga diharapkan dapat memberikan pesan untuk perempuan, bahwa kecantikan bukan segalanya, serta sifat keibuan pasti dimiliki oleh seluruh perempuan. ; ----
By reading always there a story that appears in every word. Everyone's have different interpretation of a word or a literary sentence. From book collection Lilith’s Bible shorts stories told about Lilith who has resentment to Adam. Women are shaped and educated to be beautiful, submissive, passive, and always supportive to men through a variety of ways that discipline body and soul, from the way they dress, the way they sit, the rest of the night alone, as far as her career restrictions. Because according to the author, women have nature that are not owned by men, if men can have a motherhood, then women are the real mother, which also has a formidable nature. In this essay has a problem formulation how to design ideas, how tools and materials to used, and how to visual analysis of the work. The author chooses watercolors because have attractive character, mixing stackable colors to get the desired color. The author also uses several methods of contemplation, stimulus, and idea processing, which is expected to be a working strategy between literature and drawing. Materials used include aquarelle paper, watercolor brush, base board, watercolor, briliant watercolor, art masking fluid, water container, and tissue. The materials used are applied in the form of watercolor drawing on paper. The creation of this work aims to apply the results of short story interpretation into concepts, explain the process, and produce analysis of the creation of the work. The author uses a female figure because all the main characters of the three short stories are women. Each short story produces 3 drawing, so there are nine drawing produced and divided into 3 titles according to the amount of short stories of Sisterhood Inside, Beauty Myth, and Function of Motherhood? With the existence of this work is expected to add creativity and insight in the world of fine arts. In addition, this work is also expected to give a message for women, that beauty is not everything, and the nature of motherhood must be owned by all women
NATURE AFFECTION : Alam dan Manusia sebagai Gagasan dalam Berkarya Drawing dengan Menggunakan Media Cat Air
No full textAlam semakin terganggu keseimbangannya karena ulah manusia. Manusia semakin berfokus pada dunianya sendiri dengan segala revolusi dan perkembangan peradabannya. Banyak manusia yang belum menyadari bahwa dampak dari perbuatan mereka telah merusak alam pada tingkat yang berbahaya. Penulis meyakini bahwa manusia harus lebih menghormati alam dan menyadari posisi mereka di Bumi. Oleh sebab itu, pengembangan karya ini dibuat berdasarkan hal-hal yang penulis rasakan terhadap alam dan menghubungkannya dengan sikap manusia. Penulis menyadari alam selalu memberikan kebaikan bagi manusia, karena itu penulis mengambil judul Nature Affection, yang berarti kasih sayang alam. Penulis merumuskan tiga masalah dalam penciptaan karyanya, yaitu, bagaimana konsep, proses, dan analisis hasil penciptaan karya. Penulis memilih cat air karena karakternya yang menarik, sifatnya yang transparan, dan tak bisa dihapus atau ditimpa dengan warna yang lebih terang, membuat penulis terus mengeksplorasi teknik yang bermacam-macam. Pada pengaplikasiannya, penulis menggunakan beberapa metode dalam penciptaan karyanya, di antaranya, ide, kontemplasi, stimulus, dan pengolahan ide. Metode tersebut diharapkan menjadi strategi berkarya yang dapat menghubungkan antara persoalan alam dan manusia dengan drawing. Bahan dan alat yang digunakan adalah kertas aquarelle, kuas cat air, papan alas, cat air, masking fluid, tisu dan wadah air. Bahan dan alat tersebut diterapkan dalam bentuk drawing dengan menggunakan media cat air di atas kertas. Penciptaan karya ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan konsep, menjelaskan proses, dan menghasilkan analisis penciptaan karya. Penulis menggunakan figur perempuan sebagai representasi dari manusia, dan pohon pinus sebagai representasi dari alam. Ada sembilan karya yang dihasilkan dari skripsi penciptaan ini, yaitu “The Prayer”, “The Eye #1”, “The Eye #2”, “The Eye #3”, “Choice”, “Reflection”, “Us and The Universe”, “Footstep”, dan “The Mothers”. Hasil analisis pada penciptaan karya ini, dominan dengan menggunakan warna dingin, dan memiliki keseimbangan simetris. Dengan adanya karya ini diharapkan dapat menumbuhkan keragaman dan memperkaya wawasan tentang seni rupa serta menumbuhkan apresiasi orang banyak terhadap seni rupa. Selain itu, karya ini juga diharapkan dapat memberikan pesan moral dan kesadaran akan menjaga serta menghormati alam pada masyarakat umum. ;---
Natural increasingly disturbed balance due to human activity. Humans are focusing on their own world with all the revolution and development of civilization. Many humans have not realized that the impact of their actions has damaged nature at a very dangerous level. The author believes that humans should be more respectful of nature and realize their position on Earth. Therefore, the development of this works are based on the things that author feels about nature and relate it to human attitudes. The author realizes nature always gives goodness to human beings, therefore the author takes the title of Nature Affection. The author formulates three problems in the creation of her work, that are, how the concepts, processes, and analysis of the creation of works. The author chooses watercolors because of his attractive character, transparent nature, and can not be erased or overwritten with lighter colors, it makes the author continuously increase the diversity of the techniques. In its application, the author uses several methods in the creation of his work, among them, ideas, contemplation, stimulate, and the processing of ideas. The methods is expected to be a working strategy that can connect each other between nature and humans with drawing. Materials and tools used are aquarelle paper, brushes, watercolor, masking fluid, and wipes, all implemented in drawing using watercolor media on paper. The creation of this works aims to describe concepts, explain processes, and produce analysis of the creation of works. . The author uses the female figure as a representation of the human being, and a pine tree as a representation of nature. There are nine works produced called "The Prayer", "The Eye # 1", "The Eye # 2", "The Eye # 3", "Choice", "Reflection", "Us and The Universe", "Footstep" and "The Mothers". Those works, predominantly use cold colors, and has a symmetrical balance. With the existence of these works is expected to foster diversity and enrich the insight about art and foster the appreciation of the crowds of art. Other than that, these works are expected to provide moral message and the awareness to keep and respect for nature in the general public
Pengembangan Produk Home Decor dari Limbah Sisa Potongan Akrilik dengan Konsep Modern Living
No full textAkrilik sering kali dipergunakan sebagai bahan untuk pembuatan berbagai macam karya kerajinan tangan, seperti tanda dan rambu-rambu, hiasan berbentuk bunga, furnitur , aksesoris fesyen, hiasan keranjang,botol air minum, kotak tisu, gantungan kunci, kalung, gelang, coaster gelas, dan lain-lain. Namun, terdapat sisa-sisa potongan akrilik dari hasil produksi setiap harinya sehingga menimbulkan limbah yang dimana perusahaan kurang bisa mengeksekusi limbah tersebut. Oleh karena itu, perusahaan memilih untuk menjual kembali limbah tersebut ke para pengepul akrilik. Limbah akrilik tersebut dijual dengan harga jual yang cukup rendah
yaitu seharga Rp. 2000 rupiah per kilogram. Jumlah limbah sisa potongan akrilik di perusahaan tersebut mencapai sekitar 50-100 kilogram setiap dua bulan dapat dihitung sekitar 500-600 kilogram setiap tahunnya. Pemanfaatan material limbah sisa potongan akrilik saat ini masih
memiliki nilai jual yang tergolong rendah dan masih kurang dikembangkan menjadi produk yang lain. Dalam perancangan ini penulis melakukan eksplorasi material limbah sisa potongan akrilik dengan kombinasi bahan material lainnya dan eksplorasi bentuk dalam pengembangan produk home décor dengan dilengkapi berbagai fitur pendukung untuk digunakan di dalam ruangan. Dengan keunikan bentuk dan karakeristik dari material tersebut membuat penulis mengaplikasikan peluang material ini menjadi salah satu produk home décor. Dalam penelitian ini langkah-langkah yang dilakukan adalah pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi terhadap kolektor produk home decor untuk mengetahui lebih dalam aktifitas yang dilakukan dan melalukan wawancara kepada beberapa narasumber khusus yang menyukai tentang home décor. Dalam proses pengembangan desain, dilakukan beberapa tahap yaitu tahap eksplorasi ide, studi dan analisis, serta proses pengembangan desain yang dilakukan menggunakan metode digital 3D modelling. Pengembangan produk ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan nilai jual (added value) dari limbah sisa potongan akrilik melalui eksperimen dengan metode pemanasan dengan media oven sederhana sehingga menghasilkan satu set lampu hias (décor lamp) yang terdiri dari lampu dinding, lampu meja, dan lampu lantai (berdiri).
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Acrylic is often used as a material for making various kinds of handicrafts, such as signs and signs, flower decorations, furniture, fashion accessories, basket decorations, water bottles, tissue boxes, key chains, necklaces, bracelets, glass coasters, and others. However, there are leftover pieces of acrylic from production every day, causing waste where the company is less able to execute this waste. Therefore, the company chose to resell the waste to acrylic collectors. The acrylic waste is sold at a fairly low selling price, which is Rp. 2000 rupiah per kilogram. The amount of scrap acrylic waste at the company reaches around 50-100 kilograms every two months, which can be calculated to be around 500-600 kilograms annually. Utilization of waste materials left over from acrylic scraps currently still has a relatively low selling value and is still not sufficiently developed into other products. In this design, the author explores the waste material left over from acrylic pieces with a combination of other materials and explores shapes in the development of home décor products equipped with various supporting features for use indoors. With the unique shape and characteristics of this material, the author has made the opportunity to apply this material to become one of the home décor products. In this study the steps taken were collecting data by observing collectors of home decor products to find out more about the activities carried out and conducting interviews with several special sources who like home décor. In the design development process, several stages were carried out, namely the stage of idea exploration, study and analysis, as well as the design development process which was carried out using the digital 3D modeling method. The development of this product is expected to increase the selling value (added value) of the remaining pieces of acrylic waste through experiments with the heating method with a simple oven medium so as to produce a set of decorative lamps (décor lamps) consisting of wall lamps, table lamps and floor lamps (standing lamps)
Study design and procedures for a hybrid effectiveness-implementation incomplete stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial to evaluate a differentiated point-of-care HIV diagnosis and management model for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV in Malawi: The PAC-Man trial protocol
No full textBackground In Malawi and elsewhere in Africa, many children living with HIV are unaware of their status, often because of missed services for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV (PVTH). Pregnant and breastfeeding women (PBFW) living with HIV frequently go without viral load (VL) monitoring and their infants miss key HIV testing milestones for early infant HIV diagnosis (EID). In Malawi, the current standard of care (SOC) involves mostly passive approaches to pediatric HIV diagnosis, relying on mothers presenting to health facilities with their infants. To reach PBFW living with HIV and their infants who miss critical HIV services and who are at higher risk for adverse HIV outcomes, including vertical transmission, we developed the “Point-of-care Active Case finding & Management” or “PAC-Man” model. PAC-Man uses a multifaceted implementation strategy involving task-shifted mobile teams to reach these mother-infant pairs (MIPs) with evidence-based point-of-care (POC) technology for EID and maternal VL testing in the community, linked to back-to-care and antiretroviral therapy (ART) services. Methods We will conduct a hybrid type III effectiveness-implementation incomplete stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial in 12 clinics in Malawi over a 3-year period to test our strategy. Control periods will reflect SOC. Intervention periods will add PAC-Man to SOC. The primary outcome is reach of infant EID testing by age 6 months in the clinic population. Secondary outcomes include the proportion of infants newly diagnosed with HIV initiating ART and maternal VL testing reach. These outcomes will be assessed using routinely collected clinic data augmented with field surveys enrolling a sample of MIPs randomly selected from each clinic. Implementation outcomes of acceptability, adoption, fidelity, implementation, sustainability, cost, and scalability will be assessed using convergent mixed methods. Discussion Study findings will offer new insights into the effects of differentiated, community-based services for reaching infants unaware of their HIV-positive status and their mothers and characterize the fit of the PAC-Man strategy with the national PVTH program. The study holds promise for improving access to EID and VL testing, and ART, for MIPs currently being missed by traditional facility-based approaches and could suggest a novel approach for use in real-world PVTH programs across Africa. Trial registration This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06493357
