3,991 research outputs found
The Utility of Anti-Covid-19 Desks in Italy, Doubts and Criticism
No full textAs of the 14th of September, Italy has been considered one of the more susceptible nations in terms of risk of increase for Sars-Cov-2 contagion [...]
Dynamic placement of baseband processing in 5G WDM-based aggregation networks
No full textWe propose and compare different baseband-processing-placement strategies in optical aggregation networks. Proper trade-off between baseband-resources consolidation and network blocking can be obtained by dynamically adapting location of processing resources to traffic conditions
Expression and localization of aquaporin-1 in temporomandibular joint disc with internal derangement
No full textJ Oral Pathol Med. 2012 May 3. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2012.01156.x. [Epub ahead of print]
Expression and localization of aquaporin-1 in temporomandibular joint disc with internal derangement.
Loreto C, Galanti C, Almeida LE, Leonardi R, Pannone G, Musumeci G, Carnazza ML, Caltabiano R.
Source
Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario, Catania, Italy Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic, University of Panarà, Curitibe, Brazil Department of Surgical Sciences, Institute of Pathology and Cytopathology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy Department of Anatomy, Diagnostic Pathology, Forensic Medicine, Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Abstract
Internal derangement is the most J Oral Pathol Med (2012) Background: frequent arthropathy affecting the temporomandibular joint, where its commonest form is anterior disc displacement with or without reduction. Despite the frequency of the disorder, the biochemical features of displaced discs are still We investigated the expression pattern and localization of unclear. Methods: aquaporin-1, an important channel protein involved in plasma membrane water permeability, in patients with anterior disc displacement (both with and without reduction), with a view to assessing the characteristics of local tissue responses to the microenvironmental changes induced by abnormal mechanical loading of the displaced disc. Protein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in different areas of discs from 18 patients with anterior disc displacement with or without reduction and in four normal controls. A greater proportion of cells immunopositive for aquaporin-1 were Results: detected in diseased than in normal discs. Whereas protein expression was substantially similar in the different areas of normal discs, a significantly larger number of immunopositive cells were detected in the posterior band of displaced discs without reduction and in the anterior and intermediate bands of These findings suggest that aquaporin-1 is those with reduction. Conclusions: expressed and upregulated in temporomandibular joint with anterior disc displacement (both with and without reduction)
Orexin and Lifestyle Habits: A Meaningful Connection Among Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Sleep Pattern in Health and Diseases
No full textOrexin is a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus that plays a key role in regulating slee—wake cycles, energy metabolism, feeding behavior, and physical activity. It exists in two forms, orexin-A and orexin-B, which bind to G protein-coupled receptors OX1R and OX2R with differing affinities. Orexin signaling is widespread in the brain and extends to peripheral tissues, including adipose tissue. Its involvement in hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic circuits suggests a broad role in homeostatic regulation. Dysfunctions in the orexinergic system are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and multiple sclerosis, particularly through mechanisms involving sleep disturbances and neuroinflammation. This study examines how orexin influences neural circuits related to arousal, motivation, and motor control. It also explores how physical activity stimulates orexin release, enhancing neuroplasticity and cognitive resilience. In addition, orexin’s role in reward-related feeding, genetic susceptibility to obesity, and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis is discussed. Overall, the orexinergic system represents a vital neurochemical link between physical activity, metabolism, and cognitive health. Although many of its mechanisms remain to be clarified, its central role in integrating energy balance and behavioral responses makes it a promising target for future therapeutic strategies
A Narrative Review on Adipose Tissue and Overtraining: Shedding Light on the Interplay among Adipokines, Exercise and Overtraining
No full textLifestyle factors, particularly physical inactivity, are closely linked to the onset of numerous metabolic diseases. Adipose tissue (AT) has been extensively studied for various metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and immune system dysregulation due to its role in energy metabolism and regulation of inflammation. Physical activity is increasingly recognized as a powerful non-pharmacological tool for the treatment of various disorders, as it helps to improve metabolic, immune, and inflammatory functions. However, chronic excessive training has been associated with increased inflammatory markers and oxidative stress, so much so that excessive training overload, combined with inadequate recovery, can lead to the development of overtraining syndrome (OTS). OTS negatively impacts an athlete's performance capabilities and significantly affects both physical health and mental well-being. However, diagnosing OTS remains challenging as the contributing factors, signs/symptoms, and underlying maladaptive mechanisms are individualized, sport-specific, and unclear. Therefore, identifying potential biomarkers that could assist in preventing and/or diagnosing OTS is an important objective. In this review, we focus on the possibility that the endocrine functions of AT may have significant implications in the etiopathogenesis of OTS. During physical exercise, AT responds dynamically, undergoing remodeling of endocrine functions that influence the production of adipokines involved in regulating major energy and inflammatory processes. In this scenario, we will discuss exercise about its effects on AT activity and metabolism and its relevance to the prevention and/or development of OTS. Furthermore, we will highlight adipokines as potential markers for diagnosing OTS
New Insights on Mechanical Stimulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Regeneration
No full textSuccessful tissue regeneration therapies require further understanding of the environment in which the cells are destined to be set. The aim is to structure approaches that aspire to a holistic view of biological systems and to scientific reliability. Mesenchymal stem cells represent a valuable resource for cartilage tissue engineering, due to their chondrogenic differentiation capacity. Promoting chondrogenesis, not only by growth factors but also by exogenous enhancers such as biomechanics, represents a technical enhancement. Tribological evaluation of the articular joint has demonstrated how mechanical stimuli play a pivotal role in cartilage repair and participate in the homeostasis of this tissue. Loading stresses, physiologically experienced by chondrocytes, can upregulate the production of proteins like glycosaminoglycan or collagen, fundamental for articular wellness, as well as promote and preserve cell viability. Therefore, there is a rising interest in the development of bioreactor devices that impose compression, shear stress, and hydrostatic pressure on stem cells. This strategy aims to mimic chondrogenesis and overcome complications like hypertrophic phenotyping and inappropriate mechanical features. This review will analyze the dynamics inside the joint, the natural stimuli experienced by the chondrocytes, and how the biomechanical stimuli can be applied to a stem cell culture in order to induce chondrogenesis
The role of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in musculoskeletal diseases
No full textUltrasonography (US) is a readily available non-invasive tool useful for the detection of musculoskeletal and soft tissue masses. Although X-Ray is often the first imaging study for evaluating both bone and soft tissue lesions, and magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography are mandatory in lesions staging, US is increasingly used for the early assessment of musculoskeletal and soft-tissue masses and for guiding procedures and biopsies. Surgical biopsy or fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is needed to ascertain the nature of any lesion. FNAB is a low cost technique, safer and less traumatic than an open surgical biopsy. Significant complications are rare, mostly related to the site of biopsy. Knowledge of indications, limitations, anatomical and pathological access, adequate technical expertise in US imaging and in intervention skills are the critical factors of the appropriate and safe use of FNAB. By now, the role of FNAB in musculoskeletal diseases is controversial and there is still a heated debate in the scientific community
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