189 research outputs found
Book Review on Islamic finance: law, economics and practice by Mahmoud A. El-Gamal
No full textThis a critical evaluation of the book entitled Islamic finance: law, economics and practice by Mahmoud A. El-GamalIslamic finance; law and economics;Islamic economics, banking and insurance; mutuality.
sj-docx-1-wso-10.1177_17474930241237120 – Supplemental material for Stroke and high-risk TIA outcomes with reduction of treatment duration when treatment initiated in emergency rooms (SHORTER-study)
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-wso-10.1177_17474930241237120 for Stroke and high-risk TIA outcomes with reduction of treatment duration when treatment initiated in emergency rooms (SHORTER-study) by Adel Alhazzani, Fahad S Alajlan, Ali M Alkhathaami, Fahmi Mohammed Al-Senani, Taim A Muayqil, Saeed A Alghamdi, Ammar AlKawi, Saeed AlZahrani, Majid Bakheet, Mohammed Aljohani, Nouran Taher, Abdulkarim Almutairi, Mustafa AlQarni, Sadiq Alsalman, Saeed A Alqahtani, Nouf Almansour, Laila Abukhamsin, Amr Mouminah, Nehal Almodarra, Gamal Mohamed, Meshal Almodhy, Eid Albogumi, Mohamad Alzawahmah, Abdulrahman Alreshaid, Naveed Akhtar, Muhammad Shazam Hussain, Gregory W Albers and Ashfaq Shuaib in International Journal of Stroke</p
Adapting authoritarianism: institutions and co-optation in Egypt and Syria
No full textThis PhD thesis compares Egypt and Syria’s authoritarian political systems. While the tendency in social science political research treats Egypt and Syria as similarly authoritarian, this research emphasizes differences between the two systems with special reference to institutions and co-optation. Rather than reducibly understanding Egypt and Syria as sharing similar histories, institutional arrangements, or ascribing to the oft-repeated convention that “Syria is Egypt but 10 years behind,” this thesis focuses on how events and individual histories shaped each states current institutional strengthens and weaknesses. Specifically, it explains the how varying institutional politicization or de-politicization affects each state’s capabilities for co-opting elite and non-elite individuals.
Beginning with a theoretical framework that considers the limited utility of democratization and transition theoretical approaches, the work underscores the persistence and durability of authoritarianism. Chapter two details the politicized institutional divergence between Egypt and Syria that began in the 1970s. Chapter three and four examines how institutional politicization or de-politicization affects elite and non-elite individual co-optation in Egypt and Syria. Chapter five discusses the study’s general conclusions and theoretical implications.
This thesis’s argument is that Egypt and Syria co-opt elites and non-elites differently because of the varying degrees of institutional politicization in each governance system. Rather than view one country as more politically developed than the other, this work argues that Syria’s political institutions are more politicized than their Egyptian counterparts. Syria’s political arena is, thus, described as politicized-patrimonialism. Syria’s politicized-patrimonial arena produces uneven co-optation of elites and non-elites as they are diffused through competing institutions. Conversely, the Egyptian political arena remains highly personalized as weak institutions and individuals are manipulated and molded according to the president’s ruling clique. This is referred to as personalized-patrimonialism. As a consequence, Egypt’s political establishment demonstrates more flexibility in ad hoc altering and adapting its arena depending on the emergence of crises.
This study’s theoretical implications suggest that, contrary to modernization and democratization theory’s adage that institutions lead to a political development, politicized institutions within a patrimonial order actually hinder regime adaptation because consensus is harder to achieve and maintain. It is within this context that Egypt’s de-politicized institutional framework advantages its top political elite. In this reading of Egyptian and Syrian politics, Egypt’s personalized political arena is more adaptable than Syria’s. These conclusions do not indicate that political reform is a process underway in either state
Carvedilol, a beta adrenoceptor blocker with antioxidative potential, attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats
No full textCorresponding Author: Ayman M. Gamal el-Din, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
E-mail: [email protected] the present study, kidney damage induced by cisplatin treatment (7mg kg-1day-1) was characterized by significant increases in kidney weight as a percentage of total body weight, alterations in renal function as
serum creatinine and serum BUN levels. On the other hand, there was decrease in serum albumin and calcium levels compared with untreated control animals. In addition, cisplatin induced a significant renal oxidative stress demonstrated by elevated renal MDA, reduction of GSH and reduced activities of renal catalase and glutathione
peroxidase (GPx) compared with untreated control animals. Carvedilol-induced attenuation of cisplatin nephrotoxicity (5 mg kg-1day-1) 5 days prior to and 5 days post cisplatin was clearly manifested by the
improvement of renal dysfunction. Carvedilol administration also reduced the increased renal MDA level and restored the depleted renal GSH and antioxidant enzymes (catalase and GPx). The renoprotective effect of
carvedilolmay be attributed to its radical scavenging and antioxidant activities. In conclusion, these findings of the present study strongly suggest the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and that carvedilol can be used for the renoprotection of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity
Network Coding and Distributed Compression over Large Networks: Some Basic Principles
No full textThe fields of Network Coding and Distributed Compression have focused primarily on finding the capacity for families of problems defined by either a broad class of networks topologies (e.g., directed, acyclic networks) under a narrow class of demands (e.g., multicast), or a specific network topology (e.g. three-node networks) under different types of demands (e.g. Slepian-Wolf, Ahlswede-Körner). Given the difficulty of the general problem, it is not surprising that the collection of networks that have been fully solved to date is still very small. This work investigates several new approaches to bounding the achievable rate region for general network source coding problems - reducing a network to an equivalent network or collection of networks, investigating the effect of feedback on achievable rates, and characterizing the role of side information.
We describe two approaches aimed at simplifying the capacity calculations in a large network. First, we prove the optimality of separation between network coding and channel coding for networks of point-to-point channels with a Byzantine adversary. Next, we give a strategy for calculating the capacity of an error-free network by decomposing that network into smaller networks. We show that this strategy is optimal for a large class of networks and give a bound for other cases.
To date, the role of feedback in network source coding has received very little attention. We present several examples of networks that demonstrate that feedback can increases the set of achievable rates in both lossy and lossless network source coding settings. We derive general upper and lower bounds on the rate regions for networks with limited feedback that demonstrate a fundamental tradeoff between the forward rate and the feedback rate. For zero error source coding with limited feedback and decoder side information, we derive the exact tradeoff between the forward rate and the feedback rate for several classes of sources. A surprising result is that even zero rate feedback can reduce the optimal forward rate by an arbitrary factor.
Side information can be used to reduce the rates required for reliable information. We precisely characterize the exact achievable region for multicast networks with side information at the sinks and find upper and lower bounds on the achievable rate region for other demand types.</p
Corrigendum to “Phenotypic and WGS-derived antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinical and non-clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Germany and Vietnam” [International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, Volume 56, Issue 4, October 2020, 106127]
No full textThe authors regret and would like to add a third affiliation for the first and corresponding author Dr. Gamal Wareth, to be as the following 1. Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Jena, Germany; 2. Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany and 3. Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused
River Bar Downscaling with Bed Sills and Bottom Groynes: A Numerical Study
No full textEnvironmental Fluid Mechanic
Effects of Suspended Sediment Transport on Bar Characteristics
No full textRivers, Ports, Waterways and Dredging EngineeringEnvironmental Fluid Mechanic
A possible modulatory role of nitric oxide in paraquat-induced lung Injury in mice
No full textThe present study was undertaken to evaluate whether stimulation or inhibition of Nitric Oxide (NO)
synthesis could affect lung toxicity induced by acute administration of paraquat (PQ) in mice. L-arginine
(L-arg.), NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and aminoguanidine (AG) were employed as NO precursor,
competitive and specific NO synthesis inhibitors, respectively. PQ was administered intraperitoneally to Swiss
albino mice at a single dose of 50 mg kg- 1 . L-arg. (700 mg k g - 1 day- 1), L-NAME (150 mg kg- 1 day- 1 ) or AG
(100 mg k g - 1 day- 1 ) was given in drinking water of mice for 5 days before and one day after PQ
administration. Appropriate controls were performed. PQ administration resulted in a pronounced elevation in
lipid peroxides (157%) as well as decreased activity of alkaline phosphatase [ALP] (48%) and non-protein thiols
(40%) in lung tissue compared to control non-treated mice as evidences of lung injury. Serum level of NO end
products, nitrate and nitrite significantly elevated due to PQ administration (150%) as compared to control level.
In mice given combined treatment of L-arg. and PQ, a remarkable rise in the serum level of nitrate and nitrite
(140%) compared to the PQ group was observed. In addition, L-arg. ameliorated the increased level of lipid
peroxides and non-protein thiols depletion as well as the decreased activity of ALP caused by PQ respectively.
On the other hand, L-NAME and AG potentiated the deleterious effects of PQ on serum NO, lung lipid
peroxides content, non-protein thiols content and alkaline phosphatase activity. In conclusion, PQ-induced
lung injury in mice is alleviated by L-arg. but exacerbated by L-NAME and AG supplementation. This could
point out to a possible protective role of NO in PQ lung toxicity.Corresponding Author:
Ayman M. Gamal el-Din, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy,
King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Email: [email protected]
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Adherence to Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation Among Pregnant Women in Eastern Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textMustafa S Saeed,1 Gamal K Adam,2 Samah M Hussein,1 Nadiah AlHabardi,3 Ishag Adam3 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim, 51452, Saudi Arabia; 2Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan; 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Gamal K Adam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, 32211, Sudan, Email [email protected]: The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and factors associated with adherence to iron-folic acid supplementation (IFAS) among pregnant women in eastern Sudan.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among pregnant women who obtained antenatal care (ANC) at Gadarif Maternal Hospital in eastern Sudan between May 1 and August 31, 2023. Face-to-face interview questionnaires were used to gather sociodemographic, obstetric, and clinical data (age, parity, education, residence, and previous medical diseases). Knowledge of anemia and IFAS was assessed. Multivariate analysis was performed to adjust for confounders.Results: A total of 568 pregnant women were enrolled in the present study. Among them, 449 (79.0%) adhered to the IFAS. The multivariate analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of IFAS adherence increased with ANC visits > 4 (AOR = 1.68, 95.0% CI = 1.01– 2.77) and knowledge of anemia (AOR = 2.06, 95.0% CI = 1.437– 3.276). In the univariate analysis, maternal occupation and knowledge of IFAS adherence were the only factors associated with IFAS adherence. Maternal age, parity, gestational age, education, residence, occupation, medical insurance, medical disease, and husband’s occupation were not associated with IFAS. Forgetfulness (71.0%), frustration from taking many drugs (54.6%), and unpleasant tests of the supplement (50.7%) were the main reasons for not taking the IFAS.Conclusion: About four out of five pregnant women adhered to the IFAS, indicating a good level of adherence, especially among women who attended more than four ANC visits and those with good knowledge of anemia. More attention is needed to encourage ANC to increase adherence to IFAS.Keywords: iron, folic acid, pregnancy, age, adherenc
- …
