1,721,231 research outputs found
The Combined Effect of Organic Phosphinate Based Flame Retardant and Zinc Borate on the Fire Behaviour of Poly(Butylene Terephthalate)
Full text linkNeat poly(butylene terephthalate) is highly combustible. It is not self-extinguishing, and after ignition it burns with dripping. To meet the fire safety requirements, it should be rendered flame retardant. The most common flame retardants for PBT are based on halogenated (most often brominated) or phosphorus compounds. Although their efficiency is lower than halogen based flame retardants, expensive phosphorus based flame retardants for polyester are preferred, because of low smoke generation, nontoxicity and low corrosion properties. Zinc borate has been widely used with other flame retardants in wood products and in several polymers. In this work the fire behaviour of zinc borate, organic phosphinate (diethyl phosphinic acid) (DPA) and zinc borate/organic phosphinate combination doped poly(butylene terephthalate) was investigated. Firstly, the mean particle size of zinc borate (2ZnO.3B2O3.3.5H2O) powders were reduced by attrition milling. Samples were produced by twin screw micro compounder. The fire properties of the ZnB, DPA and ZnB/DPA doped PBT were investigated and compared to each other by LOI and thermal analysis. LOI values of ZnB/PBT samples were found very low even with higher filling content. At higher loading of ZnB, the dripping of the sample strongly decreased and char residue increased. It was seen that organic phosphinate acid based additives DPA is particularly effective with PBT. It was found that the combination of DPA and ZnB can be used to increase the char residue and decrease the melt dripping of PBT.Neat poly(butylene terephthalate) is highly combustible. It is not self-extinguishing, and after ignition it burns with dripping. To meet the fire safety requirements, it should be rendered flame retardant. The most common flame retardants for PBT are based on halogenated (most often brominated) or phosphorus compounds. Although their efficiency is lower than halogen based flame retardants, expensive phosphorus based flame retardants for polyester are preferred, because of low smoke generation, nontoxicity and low corrosion properties. Zinc borate has been widely used with other flame retardants in wood products and in several polymers. In this work the fire behaviour of zinc borate, organic phosphinate (diethyl phosphinic acid) (DPA) and zinc borate/organic phosphinate combination doped poly(butylene terephthalate) was investigated. Firstly, the mean particle size of zinc borate (2ZnO.3B2O3.3.5H2O) powders were reduced by attrition milling. Samples were produced by twin screw micro compounder. The fire properties of the ZnB, DPA and ZnB/DPA doped PBT were investigated and compared to each other by LOI and thermal analysis. LOI values of ZnB/PBT samples were found very low even with higher filling content. At higher loading of ZnB, the dripping of the sample strongly decreased and char residue increased. It was seen that organic phosphinate acid based additives DPA is particularly effective with PBT. It was found that the combination of DPA and ZnB can be used to increase the char residue and decrease the melt dripping of PBT
A Study on the effects of card production rate on open end rotor and ring spun yarns quality
No full textV ÖZET TARAK MAKİNELERİNDE ÜRETİM MİKTARININ RİNG VE OPEN-END ROTOR İPLİKLERİNE ETKİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTDÎMA ÜREYEN, Mustafa Erdem Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü Tez Yöneticisi: Doç. Dr. Hüseyin KADOĞLU Ağustos 1999, 135 sayfa Bu tezde tarak makinesinin üretim miktarının open end rotor ve ring ipliklerinin kalite değerlerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Taraklama iplik kalitesi için çok önemli bir faktördür. Son yıllarda teknolojik ilerlemelerle tarak makinelerinin üretim miktarları büyük oranda aittuilmistrr. Fakat yüksek üretim miktarları birtakım problemler yaratmaktadırlar. Kalitenin düşmesi ile üretim miktarındaki artış arasında çok güçlü bir ilişki vardır: Yüksek performans taraklama işlemini daha duyarlı hale getirmekte ve kalitedeki negatif etki tehlikesini arttırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ayrıntılı olarak bu etki incelenmiştir. Sonuçta üretim miktarının pek çok kalite değerinde etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Yüksek üretim hızlan Uster %CV, ince yer, kaim yer ve neps değerlerini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Ancak tüylülük, mukavemet ve kopma uzaması değerlerinde aynı etkiden bahsedilememektedir. Anahtar sözcükler: Tarak makinesi, ring ipliği, O.E. rotor ipliği, yüksek üretim miktarı, kalite değerleriVII ABSTRACT A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF CARD PRODUCTION RATE ON OPEN END ROTOR AND RING SPUN YARNS QUALITY ÜREYEN, Mustafa Erdem MSc in Textile Eng. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hüseyin KADO?LU August 1999, 135 pages In this thesis, effects of card production rate on the open end rotor and ring spun yarns' quality values has been studied. Carding is the very important factor for the resultant yarn quality. In recent years the production rates of carding machines has been increased thanks to some technological advancements. But high production rate causes problems, since there is a strong relationship between increase in production and reduction in quality In this study this effect have been studied in details. As a result it was found that production rate effects quality values extremely High production speeds effect Uster %CV, DPI values negatively. But we can't exactly say that it effects hairiness, tenacity and breaking elongation values negatively. Keywords: Carding machines, ring yarns, O.E. rotor yarns, high production rate, quality value
Spinning Performance and Antibacterial Activity of SeaCell (R) Active/Cotton Blended Rotor Yarns
No full textWOS: 000273210000006Microorganisms can lead to functional, hygienic and aesthetic (e. g. deterioration, staining) problems on textile products. Natural fibers especially cotton are more easily affected by microorganisms. Blending of cotton fibers with antimicrobial fibers can enhance the protective properties of products against microorganisms. Demand of antimicrobial performance from the products changes depending on the application area. Therefore determination of suitable antimicrobial fiber quantity for the desired application is important. In this study the spinning performance of SeaCell Active/cotton blended open end rotor yarns and antibacterial activities of fabrics produced by these blended yarns were investigated. Five different cotton/SeaCell Active blended slivers with SeaCell Active content from 3% up to 53% were prepared on drawframe machine and all slivers were spun into yarns on open end rotor spinning machine at a yarn count of 20 tex with alpha(Tt)=3827 twist coefficient. The effects of rotor speed, opening roller speed, rotor, opening roller and navel type on the quality parameters of SeaCell Active/cotton blended yarns were investigated. Tensile properties, hairiness, unevenness and IPI values of the yarns were reported. All types of cotton/SeaCell Active blended yarns were knitted on a circular knitting machine. Antibacterial activity of the fabrics was analyzed quantitatively. Antibacterial tests showed that good antibacterial activity can be achieved after several washings even with 3% of SeaCell Active fibers in fabrics.Ege University Research Fund AccountancyThe financial support given by the Ege University Research Fund Accountancy to realize this project is gratefully acknowledged. I am grateful to Ass. Prof. Mustafa Ates, Ege University Microbiology Dept for the antibacterial tests; Prof. Dr. Aydn Dogan, Anadolu University and Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Heitmann, ITV/Denkendorf for the SEM images
The prediction of cotton ring yarn properties from AFIS fibre properties by using linear regression models
No full textWOS: 000252661900012In this paper some models for predicting the most important ring yarn quality characteristics were built by using AFIS (Advanced Fibre Information System) data. Yarn count, twist and roving properties were also selected as predictors because of their great effect on the yarn properties. A total of 180 ring yarns were produced from 15 different cotton blends on the same ring spinning machine, on the same spinning positions and under the same conditions at Ege University Textile and Apparel Research-Application Centre. Each blend was spun in four yarn counts (29.53 tex, 23.63 tex, 19.69 tex, and 16.88 tex) at three different coefficients of twist (alpha(Tt) 3639, alpha(Tt)4022, and alpha(Tt) 4404). Linear multiple regression methods were used for the estimation of theyarn quality characteristics. The goodness of fit statistics showed that our equations had very large R-2 (coefficient of multiple determination) and adjusted R-2 values
Interactions between AFIS fibre properties and ring cotton yarn properties
Full text linkBu çalışmada AFIS cihazında ölçülebilen lif özellikleri ile ring iplik özellikleri arasındaki interaksiyonlar araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılmak üzere 15 farklı pamuk harmanı temin edilmiştir. Her bir numuneden Ege Üniversitesi Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon Araştırma Uygulama Merkezi pamuk ipliği işletmesinde dört farklı numara (Ne 20, Ne 25, Ne 30 ve Ne 40) ve üç farklı büküm seviyesinde (?e 3,8, ?e 4,2 and ?e 4,6) iplikler üretilmiştir. Lif özellikleri ile iplik özellikleri arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmak amacıyla iplik numarası ve büküm sabit tutularak kısmi korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, pek çok lif özelliği ile iplik özellikleri arasında yüksek doğrusal ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. İplik özellikleri ile en yüksek korelasyona sahip lif özelliğinin lif çapı olduğu bulunmuştur. Lif uzunluk parametreleri arasında ise en yüksek korelasyon katsayıları %2,5 span uzunluğu ile elde edilmiştir. Bununla beraber bazı lif özellikleri ile iplik özellikleri arasında ters, kübik ya da kuadratik ilişki bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca ağırlık esaslı değerlerin iplik özellikleri ile sayı esaslı değerlere göre daha yüksek korelasyon gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.In this work interactions between ring yarn properties and cotton fibre properties were investigated by using partial correlation analysis. On experimental part, a total of 180 different ring yarns were produced from 15 different cotton blends on the same ring spinning machine under the same conditions at Ege University Textile and Apparel Research-Application Centre. Each blend was spun in four yarn counts (Ne 20, Ne 25, Ne 30 and Ne 35) at three different coefficient of twist (αe 3.8, αe 4.2 and αe 4.6). The partial correlation coefficients between fibre properties and yarn properties, eliminating the yarn number and twist, were calculated. After the correlation analysis we determined that there are almost nearly linear relationships between yarn properties and most of cotton fibre properties. Highest correlation coefficients were obtained between yarn properties and fibre properties by fibre fineness. It was also found that 2.5% span length was highly correlated with yarn properties. Our curve estimation analysis showed that there are inverse, quadratic and cubic relations between some fibre and yarn properties. In addition measurements by weight have higher correlations with the yarn properties than the measurements by number
Mechanical and permeability properties of sportech fabrics
No full textWOS: 000378837400001In the scope of this work, determination of the parameters that affect permeability properties and the proposition of fabric structures designed for the needs of different sports are aimed by measuring permeability properties of fabrics used in the field of sports clothing. In this context, 11 different fabric structures that are used primarily in the production of sports clothing on the market were selected and mechanical and permeability (air and water) measurements were performed. Due to the reason of supplying the fabrics from the market, the weight of the selected fabrics is paid attention to the issue that is at least close to each other. The results showed that fibre type is the most effective parameter with regard to permeability properties especially water permeability. Since the fabrics were obtained from the market, thickness properties of the fabrics also influence the permeability properties
Permeability properties of single jersey fabrics made of hollow yarns
No full textIn this work effect of using hollow yarns on the permeability properties of the single jersey knitted fabrics were studied. Firstly yarns were produced by ring spinning machine using cotton, viscose and acrylic fibres in the mantle and water soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibre in the core. Single jersey fabrics were knitted and PVA core was removed subsequently by washing process to create hollow yarn. Weight, air permeability and water transmission rate properties of fabrics were measured before and after washing and compared with reference fabrics. Due to the removal of PVA fibres from the yarn core after washing treatment, air permeability and water vapour transmission rate of the all kind of single jersey fabrics which were produced with hollow yarns increased as well as weight of the fabrics decreased which will cause more comfort during any exercise. It was also found that mantle fibre type and PVA ratio have significant effect on the fabric properties. © 2017 The Textile Institute
Thermal characterization and flammability of polypropylene containing sepiolite-APP combinations
No full textAbstractThe effects of sepiolite on fire behavior of ammonium polyphosphate-based intumescent flame retardant (IFR)/polypropylene (PP) were investigated. The disaggregation of sepiolite bundles has been provided by wet-milling as the zeta potential value decreased from −9.6 to −31.3 mV. PP and additives were compounded by a twin-screw extruder and molded by injection. A total additive content of 20 wt% in PP and various proportions of sepiolite (1.0–10.0 wt%) in flame retardant (FR) formulation were studied. The flammability of the samples was measured by limit oxygen index (LOI) test and cone calorimetry. The LOI of neat PP (19%) was increased to 32.2% when sepiolite and IFR were used. The peak heat release rate of neat PP (1566.4 kW/m2) was also significantly reduced (94.7 kW/m2) when sepiolite was added with IFR. Thermal analyses results showed that, at higher temperature (700°C), IFR and sepiolite increased the char residue (9 wt%) compared to neat PP (0 wt%).</jats:p
Comparison of artificial neural network and linear regression models for prediction of ring spun yarn properties. I. Prediction of yarn tensile properties
No full textIn this study artificial neural network (ANN) models have been designed to predict the ring cotton yam properties from the fiber properties measured on HVI (high volume instrument) system and the performance of ANN models have been compared with our previous statistical models based on regression analysis. Yarn count, twist and roving properties were selected as input variables as they give significant influence on yarn properties. In experimental part, a total of 180 cotton ring spun yarns were produced using 15 different blends. The four yarn counts and three twist multipliers were chosen within the range of Ne 20-35 and alpha(e) 3.8-4.6 respectively. After measuring yarn tenacity and breaking elongation, evaluations of data were performed by using ANN. Afterwards, sensitivity analysis results and coefficient of multiple determination (R-2) values of ANN and regression models were compared. Our results show that ANN is more powerful tool than the regression models
Antibacterial efficacy and laundering durability of textile fabrics treated by newly developed silver doped nano scaled bio-antimicrobial finishing agent
Full text linkBu çalışmada tekstil kumaşlarına uygulanabilen yıkama dayanımı yüksek gümüş katkılı antibakteriyel kimyasal geliştirilmiştir. İlk olarak gümüş katkılı kalsiyum fosfat esaslı antibakteriyel toz yaş kimyasal yöntemle sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen tozun tane boyutu nano boyuta indirgenmiştir. Daha sonra bu toz kullanılarak apre kimyasalı geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen apre kimyasalının performansını test etmek amacıyla laboratuar tipi fularda pamuk, PES ve modal kumaşlara uygulama yapılmıştır. Antibakteriyel testler JIS-L 1902:2002 metodu ile Gram (-) E.coli bakterisine karşı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Test sonuçları kumaşların 20 yıkama sonrasında çok güçlü antibakteriyel etkinliklerini koruduklarını göstermiştir.In this work silver based antibacterial finishing agent for textile fabrics were developed. Firstly, silver ion doped calcium phosphate based antibacterial powder was synthesized by using wet chemical method. Size reduction process was applied for reducing the particle size of the powder to the nanometer scale. Afterwards, stable chemical solution with antibacterial powder has been developed. This solution applied to cotton, PES, and modal fabrics. Antibacterial efficacy of the treated samples were tested and compared before and after laundering by JIS-L 1902:2002 method against Gram (-) E.coli bacteria. Test results showed that treated fabric samples preserved their strong antibacterial activities after 20 laundry cycles
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