2 research outputs found
Determinants of Domestic Investment in the Libyan Manufacturing Sector and its Impact
No full textThe main objectives of this thesis are to examine and estimate the determinants of
domestic investment (public and private) in the Libyan manufacturing sector, and to
investigate the impact of domestic investment on the Libyan economy. It adds to the
growing literature on the issue of economic growth and econometrics by drawing attention
to several issues hitherto little considered in the existing literature. In particular, the thesis
blends various aspects of economic growth with models of investment to explain and
define the main factors which affect domestic investment, and how domestic investment
drives economic growth in the Libyan economy. It is important to recognise that economic
growth has become an important aim for all countries in the world; especially less
developed countries, which require greater economic efforts to be able to deal with the
current international economic climate and the challenges of globalisation: domestic
investment is an exemplary element to stimulate economic growth to achieve this target.
The main objective of the Libyan government has been the industrialization of Libya,
principally through import substitution. Various import restrictions in the form of
licensing, quotas and tariffs have provided several sub-sectors of manufacturing with a
high level of protection from foreign competition. The government benefits from high
levels of financial return in terms of oil revenues, and the consequent easy availability of
imported raw materials and capital goods. Despite government support for investment
designed to encourage import substitution and export-oriented production, Libya has
continued to experience low levels of investment in the domestic manufacturing sector.
The stimulus to undertake this study was a desire to explore the most important
determinants of fixed investment in Libya's manufacturing sector.
This study aims to identify determinants of domestic investment in both the public and
private manufacturing sectors in the Libyan economy during the period 1962-2008.
Furthermore, this study aimed to identify the impact of domestic investment as a
determinant of growth in the Libyan economy during the period 1962-2008. Cobb-
Douglas Function was used to analyze the relationship between real per-capita GDP and
its most important determinants. Properties of time series of the model variables have been
analyzed by using several tests for determining the integration level of each time series
separately.B y using the Johansen-Juselius cointegration method, the results showed that
private investment is strongly and adversely affected in the longer term by changes that
take place in domestic public investment in the manufacturing sector, which shows the
competition factor between the private and public sectors. The results of these tests
revealed an equilibrium relationship between domestic investment in the private
manufacturing sector and its determinants in the long and short-run. Also, the results
showed the significance of the impact of annual appropriations for the manufacturing sector and imports of machinery & capital goods on domestic investment in the public
manufacturing sector, the results of these tests revealed an equilibrium relationship
between domestic investment in the public manufacturing sector and its determinants in
the long and short-run.
Moreover, the results showed the significance of the impact of investment on per-capita
GDP; the results of tests revealed an equilibrium relationship between per-capita GDP and
its determinants in the long and short-run. The study concludes that the elasticity of per capita
GDP to changes in domestic investment is greater than the elasticity of the labour
force, which appeared inelastic in the short and long-term.
According to the information available, the study and approach adopted have never been
undertaken before for Libya, and therefore might contribute toward advancing knowledge
and enhancing investment policy, and its implementation by government and private
manufacturing enterprises in Libya and other developing countries
Dapagliflozin effects on hospitalization for heart failure reduction, and major adverse cardiovascular events
Get PDFBackgroundUntil recently, there are no available preventive measures for macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors (SGLT-2i) are a relatively new class of medications with cardio-renal protection. However, it is unknown, whether this is a class effect. Also, the exact mechanisms of action are not fully understood.AimsThe current review aimed to assess dapagliflozin effects on the major cardiovascular adverse events (MACE) and heart failure hospitalization rate (HHF) and its mechanisms of action.Methods The Pub Med, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched for relevant articles. Articles published in the English language from the first available article up to November 2019 were approached. The terms dapagliflozin, SGLT-2i, MACE, HHF, and mechanisms of action were used with proteans AND or OR. Out of two hundred-ten articles retrieved, only twenty-nine fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results Dapagliflozin reduced HHF, all-cause mortality, bumetanide induced hyperuricemia, and interstitial fluid volume with a lower rate of diuretic use. Possible mechanisms of action were: a reduction of oxidative stress, lowering of cardiac hexosamine biosynthetic pathway activation, reduced cytosolic sodium and calcium, and increased serum magnesium. Dapagliflozin effects on MACE are mixed. The above effects seem to be a class character across various population including normal people without diabetes with no differences across gender.ConclusionDapagliflozin reduced HHF (superior to empagliflozin) and all-cause mortality. The drug acts at cellular levels and not simple diuresis and haemoconcentration
