18 research outputs found
The Effects of Application of Erythrina bruci Biomass and Inorganic Fertilizers On Wheat Productivity in Southwestern Ethiopia.
No full textSoil fertility depletion is emerging as a serious challenge causing low crop yields and food insecurity in Ethiopia. An experiment was conducted in two cropping seasons 2016 to 2018 to investigate the effects of the application of Erythrina biomass and nitrogen fertilizer on soil properties and wheat yields in southwestern Ethiopia. Treatments were the recommended N and P fertilizers, 50% of the standard rate of Erythrina + 50% of the recommended N, 25% Erythrina + 75% N, 75% of the standard rate of Erythrina + 25% of the standard rate of N, 100% of the standard rate of Erythrina, and 50% of the standard rate of Erythrina, and without fertilizer as the control. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Application of Erythrina and nitrogen fertilizer increased soil organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) compared to before fertilizer application or the control. Plots amended with 25% Erythrina + 75% of the recommended N provided the highest above ground biomass (8.98 t.ha-1) and grain yield (3.453 t.ha-1) and it was higher than the 100% chemical fertilizer treatment. Conversely, the lowest above ground biomass (5.44 t.ha-1) and grain yields (1.958 t.ha-1) were obtained from the control. Our study demonstrated that an integrated nutrient management which combines organic and chemical fertilizer can improve soil properties and increase wheat yield in the highlands of southwestern Ethiopia
Effect of Different Blended Fertilizers Formulae for the Productivity of Sesame at Bench Maji Zone, South Ethiopia
No full textSesame productivity in our country Ethiopia is low due to unbalanced fertilization and soil fertility degradation beyond disease and lacking using an improved variety of sesame. The experiment was conducted for two growing seasons to identify the effects of different blended fertilizer formulae applications on sesame yield and yield components at Menit Goldia. The treatments are control, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and boron (NPSB) formula 1 = 46 kg.ha-1 N, 54 kg.ha-1 P,10 kg.ha-1 S, and 1.07 kg.ha-1 B; formulae 2 = 69 kg.ha-1 N,72 kg.ha-1 P,13 kg.ha-1 S, and 1.4 kg.ha-1 B, formula 3 = 92 kg.ha-1 N, 90 kg.ha-1 P, 17 kg.ha-1 S, and 1.7 kg.ha-1 B. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The application NPSB formula resulted in the highest sesame yield and yield component as compared to the control. The economic analysis demonstrated that the maximum net benefit with the highest marginal rate of return was obtained due to the application of formula 3 as compared to control, therefore formula 3 is recommended to grow sesame at Menit Goldia and other areas with similar environment
Effect of liquid bio-slurry and nitrogen rates on soil physico-chemical properties and quality of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Hawassa Southern Ethiopia
No full textGreen bean is one of the widely cultivated crops in developing countries. However, its cultivation is constrained by low soil fertility. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of LBS and N rates on soil physico-chemical properties and yield of green bean at Hawassa, Ethiopia. Four levels of LBS (0, 20.6, 41.2 and 61.8 m3/ha) and four N levels (0, 20.5, 41 and 61.5 kg/ha) were used in factorial RCBD with three replications. Results revealed that the application of LBS and N rates significantly affected most parameters. The application of LBS (20.6 m3/ha) and N (41 kg/ha) increased CEC by 120% as compared to control. Similarly the application of LBS (41.2 m3ha−1) and N (20.5 kg/ha) gives the highest OC as compared to control. The addition of 41 N and 20.6 m3/ha LBS also scored the highest (14.3 t/ha) total pod yield as compared to control. Therefore 41 N with 20.6 m3/ha recommended both soil and green bean improvement
Spatial interpolation techniques comparison and evaluation: The case of ground-based gravity and elevation datasets of the central Main Ethiopian rift
No full text©2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).The ground-based gravity data reveals diverse anomaly signatures in areas of the Main Ethiopian rift where active volcanic and tectonic activities are dominant. In such a region ground-based data collection is restricted to existing roads and relies on accessible stations. These resulted in gaps in data, either missing, uneven, or insufficient spatial coverage that must be estimated with proper interpolation techniques. Comparison and evaluations of the spatial interpolation methods that are commonly used in potential field geophysical data analysis were made for the terrestrial gravity and elevation data of the central Main Ethiopian rift. In this research, two widely used interpolation techniques, minimum curvature interpolation, and Ordinary Kriging were compared and assessed. A 10 % hold-out validation was employed, where 90 % of the data points were used to generate interpolated surfaces, which were then evaluated against the remaining 10 %. Following interpolation with each technique, the generated grid was converted into discrete data points (estimated values). These are then compared with the available gravity data, which were deliberately excluded from the gridding process (10 % remaining dataset). The accuracy of each method was assessed by evaluation metrics such as mean value, variance, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), correlation coefficient (r), and R-squared. The results showed that the ordinary Kriging interpolation method outperformed the minimum curvature interpolants for gravity data with all performance metrics, while both interpolants seem to perform equally well for the elevation dataset. Therefore, it is proposed to use the Kriging interpolation method for potential field gravity studies conducted in the central Main Ethiopia rift. © 2024 The Author
Bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among patients with external ocular infections at Borumeda hospital, Northeast Ethiopia
No full textBackground: Bacteria are major cause of ocular infections and possible loss of vision. The emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria increases the risk of treatment failure with potentially serious consequences. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among patients with external ocular infections. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 160 patients with external ocular infections at Borumeda hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaire. External ocular specimens were collected using sterile swabs and inoculated on MacConkey agar, Chocolate agar and Blood agar culture Medias. Presumptive isolates were further identified by a series of biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined by disk diffusion method. Result: The overall prevalence of bacterial pathogens among external ocular samples was 59.4 %. The majority of the isolates (93.7 %; 89/95) were Gram positive and the other 6.3 % (6/95) Gram negative bacteria. The proportion of coagulase negative Staphylococci among the Gram positive bacterial isolates was 53.7 % (n = 51/95). All Gram positive isolates were susceptible for vancomycin but 67.4 % (n = 60/95) of them were resistant against amoxicillin. Moreover, drug resistance to tetracycline, norfloxacylin, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin were observed among Gram negative bacteria isolates. Conclusion: The prevalence of bacterial pathogens among external ocular samples was high and the predominant isolate was coagulase negative Staphylococci. Exceptionally high amoxicillin resistance was observed among Gram positive bacterial isolates that may dictate to conduct drug susceptibility test routinely.Birtukan Shiferaw, Baye GelawEmail author, Abate Assefa, Yared Assefa and Zelalem Addi
Author Correction: Status of selected biochemical and coagulation profiles and platelet count in malaria and malaria-Schistosoma mansoni co-infection among patients attending at Dembiya selected Health Institutions, Northwest Ethiopia
No full textData set of the study.
No full textSARS-CoV-2 co-infection with the influenza virus or human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) may complicate its progress and clinical outcomes. However, data on the co-detection of SARS-CoV-2 with other respiratory viruses are limited in Ethiopia and other parts of Africa to inform evidence-based response and decision-making. We analyzed 4,989 patients’ data captured from the national severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) and influenza-like illness (ILI) sentinel surveillance sites over 18 months period from January 01, 2021, to June 30, 2022. Laboratory specimens were collected from the patients and tested for viral respiratory pathogens by real-time, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the national influenza center. The median age of the patients was 14 years (IQR: 1–35 years), with a slight preponderance of them being at the age of 15 to less than 50 years. SARS-CoV-2 was detected among 459 (9.2%, 95% CI: 8.4–10.0) patients, and 64 (1.3%, 95% CI: 1.0–1.6) of SARS-CoV-2 were co-detected either with Influenza virus (54.7%) or RSV (32.8%) and 12.5% were detected with both of the viruses. A substantial proportion (54.7%) of SARS-CoV-2 co-detection with other respiratory viruses was identified among patients in the age group from 15 to less than 50 years. The multivariable analysis found that the odds of SARS-CoV-2 co-detection was higher among individuals with the age category of 20 to 39 years as compared to those less than 20 years old (AOR: 1.98, 95%CI:1.15–3.42) while the odds of SARS-CoV-2 co-detection was lower among cases from other regions of the country as compared to those from Addis Ababa (AOR:0.16 95%CI:0.07–0.34). Although the SARS-CoV-2 co-detection with other respiratory viral pathogens was minimal, the findings of this study underscore that it is critical to continuously monitor the co-infections to reduce transmission and improve patient outcomes, particularly among the youth and patients with ILI.</div
Distribution of SARS-CoV-2 co-detection and mono-infections across SARI/ILI sentinel sites from January 01, 2021, to June 30, 2022, Ethiopia.
No full textDistribution of SARS-CoV-2 co-detection and mono-infections across SARI/ILI sentinel sites from January 01, 2021, to June 30, 2022, Ethiopia.</p
Demographic characteristics of ILI/SARI cases visited sentinel sites from January 2021 to June 2022, Ethiopia.
No full textDemographic characteristics of ILI/SARI cases visited sentinel sites from January 2021 to June 2022, Ethiopia.</p
Multivariable analysis of factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 co-infection with other respiratory viruses among ILI/SARI cases visited sentinel sites from January 2021 to June 2022, Ethiopia.
No full textMultivariable analysis of factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 co-infection with other respiratory viruses among ILI/SARI cases visited sentinel sites from January 2021 to June 2022, Ethiopia.</p
