63,172 research outputs found
Preliminary pathological results on chondrodysplastic dwarfism in Tyrolean Grey cattle due to deletion in the EVC2 gene
No full textPreliminary pathological results on chondrodysplastic
dwarfism in Tyrolean Grey cattle due to deletion
in the EVC2 gene
C Benazzi*, KE Dittmer†, KG Thompson†, C Drögemüller‡, A
Gentile*, LV Muscatello*, L Murgiano‡, C Piffer#, M Bolcato*
and B Brunetti*
*Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064
Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy. Email: [email protected]
†Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University,
Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
‡Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern,
Switzerland.
#Gesundheitbezirk Bozen, Laura Conti Strasse 4, 39100 Bozen, Italy.
During July–November 2013 breeders reported the birth of
Italian Tyrolean Grey calves with abnormally short limbs. Seven calves, aged 2–5 months, were referred to the Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Bologna, Italy. Whole genome resequencing of an affected calf detected a single candidate causal mutation in the Ellis van Creveld syndrome 2 (EVC2) gene. All animals had difficulties in assuming or maintaining a quadrupedal stance, with deterioration in this ability with increased growth.
The limbs were disproportionately short and bulky, variably
rotated and arched in a dumbbell-like position. At necropsy, the limbs (in particular the femur and humerus) were rotated and significantly shortened. Histologically the growth plates of long bones and vertebrae were irregular and prematurely closed. The reserve zone showed variable thickness at the expense of proliferative and hypertrophic zones, which were disorganised with multifocal loss
of the normal columnar arrangement. In one calf reduced development of the heart valves was noted. In three female calves the genital tracts appeared fully mature, with numerous follicle-like structures
on the ovaries. The uteri had multiple polypoid structures
GLYCOGEN RICH CARCINOMA OF CANINE MALE AND FEMALE MAMMARY GLAND
No full textGLYCOGEN RICH CARCINOMA OF CANINE MALE AND FEMALE MAMMARY GLAND
Muscatello L.V.*[2], Sarli G.[2], Beha G.[2], Benazzi C.[2], Millanta F.[1], Poli A.[1], Asproni P.[1], Giudice C.[3], Levi M.[2],
Brunetti B.[2]
[1]Dip. Scienze Veterinarie ~ Pisa, [2]DIMEVET ~ Bologna, [3]Dip. Scienze Veterinarie Sanità Pubblica ~ Milano
Glycogen rich clear cell carcinoma (GRCC) is a rare subtype of human invasive mammary gland (MG)
carcinoma, in which at least 90% of the neoplastic cells have clear cytoplasm containing glycogen(1). The
aim of this study was to describe the histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical (IHC) features of
GRCC of canine MG.
Serial formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections of two GRCC canine mammary carcinoma, one
female (case I) and one male (case II) were stained with H&E, PAS, PAS diastase (dPAS), and Alcian Blue
(AB). IHC was performed with anti-ER, -PR, -cerbB2, -CK19, -CK14, -CK5/6, -p63, -vimentin, -SMA, -calponin,
-S100, -EGFR, -c-KIT, -E-cad and -ki67 antibodies. Sudan III was carried out on formalin-fixed frozen tissue in
case II.
Histologically, 90% of neoplastic cells showed sharply distinct borders, clear or finely granular cytoplasm
and low N:C ratio. In case II, residual 10% of the neoplastic cells had lipid-like vacuolated cytoplasm. In both
tumors, the cytoplasm resulted strongly positive with PAS. Treatment with diastase abolished PAS
reactivity. Case I showed PAS+ and dPAS- staining also in lymph node metastasis. In case II, 10% of
neoplastic cells were positive to Sudan III. No stain with AB was obtained. Case I showed positivity for CK19
and CK5/6, negativity for ER, PR and c-erbB2, resulting a basal-like phenotype in primary tumor and lymph
node metastasis. They were both positive for EGFR, E-cad, c-KIT, and weakly for calponin. Case II was a
basal-like phenotype, presenting CK 19, E-cad, c-KIT, weak CK14 and strong vimentin positivity. The
proliferative ki67 index was 26.75% in case I and 8.2% in case II.
Based on the morphology, typical features of human MG GRCC are the “fried eggs appearance”, clear
cytoplasm and small dark punctate nuclei (2).On the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding
GRCC in canine MG. The diagnosis was confirmed by PAS+ of intracytoplasmic glycogen granules and lack of
stain with dPAS. Case II was considered a GRCC with lipid rich differentiation. Both cases had a basal-like
phenotype and the expression of EGFR and c-KIT was suggestive of an association of cell proliferation with
signal transduction of surface molecules (3). GRCC can be considered a new rare histological subtype of
canine mammary tumors, with clear cytoplasm, PAS+ and dPAS-, expressing the triple negative phenotype,
a tumor with clinical aggressive behavior that should be differentiated from lipid rich carcinoma.
1. Tavassoli, Deville. Lyon: IARC Press, 2003
2. Rosen, Philadelphia. LWW press, 2001
3. Kim et al., Yonsei Med J 53:1142-1146, 2012
ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA
Canine, Mammary carcinoma, Glycogen ric
THE EFFECT OF GLYCEROL ON SHORT-TERM EXPERIMENTAL ENDOLYMPHATIC HYDROPS
No full textThe aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of one month of treatment with different dosages of glycerol on experimental endolymphatic hydrops produced by obliteration of endolymphatic sac and duct through an extradural approach. Forty-two guinea pigs were used. The animals, divided into six groups, received 0.5-2 gr/kg body weight of the drug per day for one month. The activity of glycerol was determined by statistical analysis of volumetric changes of scala media. Glycerol demonstrated the effect of reducing endolymphatic hydrops. The decrease in hydrops was influenced by the dosage suggesting a stria metabolic response
Transoral endoscopic anatomy of the parapharyngeal space: a step-by-step logical approach with surgical considerations
No full textBackground. Surgical approaches to the parapharyngeal spaces are challenging. Little is known about the transoral perspective of the anatomy of the parapharyngeal space. Thus, transoral approaches are seldom performed, and only for small-sized tumors.Methods. Six freshly injected cadaver heads were dissected to illustrate the transoral surgical anatomy of the parapharyngeal space.Results. The transoral window dominates the parapharyngeal space from the medial pterygoid muscle laterally to the superior constrictor muscle medially. The stylopharyngeus and styloglossus muscles seem to be critical landmarks in this approach. Posterior to these muscles and laterally to the superior constrictor muscle, the internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and lower cranial nerves are identifiable.Conclusion. This anatomic study emphasizes the critical role of the superior constrictor, styloglossus, and stylopharyngeus muscles and highlights the concept of a logical step by step technique that allows the identification of important structures and the creation of safe surgical corridors. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 33: 557-561, 201
Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome in Grey Alpine Cattle: Morphologic, Immunophenotypic, and Molecular Characterization
No full textEllis-van Creveld (EvC) syndrome is a human autosomal recessive disorder caused by a mutation in either the EVC or EVC2 gene, and presents with short limbs, polydactyly, and ectodermal and heart defects. The aim of this study was to understand the pathologic basis by which deletions in the EVC2 gene lead to chondrodysplastic dwarfism and to describe the morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular hallmarks of EvC syndrome in cattle. Five Grey Alpine calves, with a known mutation in the EVC2 gene, were autopsied. Immunohistochemistry was performed on bone using antibodies to collagen II, collagen X, sonic hedgehog, fibroblast growth factor 2, and Ki67. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze EVC1 and EVC2 gene expression. Autopsy revealed long bones that were severely reduced in length, as well as genital and heart defects. Collagen II was detected in control calves in the resting, proliferative, and hypertrophic zones and in the primary and secondary spongiosa, with a loss of labeling in the resting zone of 2 dwarfs. Collagen X was expressed in hypertrophic zone in the controls but was absent in the EvC cases. In affected calves and controls, sonic hedgehog labeled hypertrophic chondrocytes and primary and secondary spongiosa similarly. FGF2 was expressed in chondrocytes of all growth plate zones in the control calves but was lost in most EvC cases. The Ki67 index was lower in cases compared with controls. EVC and EVC2 transcripts were detected. Our data suggest that EvC syndrome of Grey Alpine cattle is a disorder of chondrocyte differentiation, with accelerated differentiation and premature hypertrophy of chondrocytes, and could be a spontaneous model for the equivalent human disease
Aspetti neurochimici della nocicezione
No full textl'articolo descrive i meccanismi fisiologici e psicologici del dolor
Detection and localization of chemoresistance markers PGP and BCRP: immunocytochemistry on canine mammary cancer cell lines
No full textErratum to: Effect of moderate red wine intake on cardiac prognosis after recent acute myocardial infarction of subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Diabetic Medicine, (2006), 23, 9, (974-981), 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01886.x)
No full textIn an article by Marfella et al, the author name C. Saron is incorrect and should be listed as C. Sardu. Therefore the correct author list is: R. Marfella, F. Cacciapuoti, M. Siniscalchi, F. C. Sasso, F. Marchese, F. Cinone, E. Musacchio, M. A. Marfella, L. Ruggiero, G. Chiorazzo, D. Liberti, G. Chiorazzo, G. F. Nicoletti, C. Sardu, F. D'Andrea, C. Ammendola, M. Verza and L. Coppola.In an article by Marfella et al, the author name C. Saron is incorrect and should be listed as C. Sardu. Therefore the correct author list is: R. Marfella, F. Cacciapuoti, M. Siniscalchi, F. C. Sasso, F. Marchese, F. Cinone, E. Musacchio, M. A. Marfella, L. Ruggiero, G. Chiorazzo, D. Liberti, G. Chiorazzo, G. F. Nicoletti, C. Sardu, F. D'Andrea, C. Ammendola, M. Verza and L. Coppola
Phytochemical analysis and antisenescence activity of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz and Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb fruits
No full textIn Italy, many spontaneous plants are used as food in folk traditions and are now being re-evaluated as healthy products with high nutritional value. In the ethnobotanical field, we selected a fruit tree that modern gastronomy has forgotten: the "Ciavardello" (Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz). The Italian phyto-alimentary tradition (1) uses its fruits to make jams, jellies, syrups, fresh snacks and, less often, alcoholic beverages.
The "Ciavardello" is a species of Sorbus native to Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor and it is a member of the Rosaceae family. It is a deciduous tree or shrub which grows 1-7 m tall (sometimes reaching 20 m) and it is a slow-growing and long-lived species found in forests of broadleaf trees. The trunk is straight and the crown is expanded, globose and dense, while the bark is smooth and greyish. The leaves are alternate, simple, glabrous, petiole, ovate (4–10 cm long and 2–8 cm wide), with five to nine acute lobes, serrate and dark green colored on both sides. The flowers are hermaphrodite, 5-merous, with white petals and they are produced in corymbs. It blooms in spring (April-May) and bears fruit in autumn (September-October). The fruit is a globose to ovoid pome 10–15 mm in diameter and it is greenish to russet or brown and patterned with small and pale lenticel spots when ripe, with a pleasantly acidulous taste (2).
Another interesting plant is ‘Albero dei coralli’ (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.), an allochthonous species belonging to the Elaeagnaceae family. It is cultivated in Italy for ornamental purposes, while the fruits are eaten fresh, a custom that was imported from tropical and temperate Asia, its native region. The "Albero dei coralli" is a deciduous shrub or tree, more or less spiny, which grows 3-5 m tall. The leaves are alternate, lanceolate (4-10 cm x 2-4 cm), with wavy margins, green colored above and covered with silvery scales below. The flowers are hermaphrodite, fragrant, whitish, tubular and 4-lobed and they are found in the leaf axils in clusters of 1-7 elements. The fruits are small roundish drupes (3-9 mm diameter), reddish to pink, dotted with scales and they are pulpy, juicy and sweet. It blooms in the spring and its fruits ripen in the fall (2).
Both fresh fruits, collected in the Tuscany region (Italy), were extracted at room temperature with EtOH-H2O 80% (three times, every 24 h) and obtained residues were partitioned between n-BuOH and H2O. The n-butanolic extracts were finally analyzed by HPLC-PDA/UV-ESI-MS/MS techniques. The chemical profile of S. torminalis revealed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonol glycosides (3), while E. umbellata extract was rich especially in quercetin and kaempferol derivatives.
In the scenario of regenerative medicine, the gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have arisen as a promising tool to repair damaged tissues. Herein, the GMSCs were used to investigate the beneficial effects of n-butanolic extract of investigated fruits. Both extracts were able to increase the GMSC proliferation and decrease the intracellular accumulation of ROS. Furthermore, the extracts were able to counteract the senescence phenomena in GMSC with different extent. In particular, they contrast the ROS production mediated by hydroxyurea and hydrogen peroxide and reduced the age-related phenotypic changes (SA-β-gal staining).
In conclusion, these results highlight S. torminalis and E. umbellata fruit extracts as novel sources of antioxidant phytocomplexes able to decrease the senescence process in mesenchymal cells. The ability of both extracts per se to ameliorate the GMSC well-being and decrease cellular senescence shed light on their possible use in regenerative medicine and in particular in all the GMSC in vitro application
Glycogen rich carcinoma of canine male and female mammary gland
No full textGlycogen rich clear cell carcinoma (GRCC) is a rare subtype of human invasive mammary gland (MG)
carcinoma, in which at least 90% of the neoplastic cells have clear cytoplasm containing glycogen(1). The
aim of this study was to describe the histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical (IHC) features of
GRCC of canine MG.
Serial formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections of two GRCC canine mammary carcinoma, one
female (case I) and one male (case II) were stained with H&E, PAS, PAS diastase (dPAS), and Alcian Blue
(AB). IHC was performed with anti-ER, -PR, -cerbB2, -CK19, -CK14, -CK5/6, -p63, -vimentin, -SMA, -calponin,
-S100, -EGFR, -c-KIT, -E-cad and -ki67 antibodies. Sudan III was carried out on formalin-fixed frozen tissue in
case II.
Histologically, 90% of neoplastic cells showed sharply distinct borders, clear or finely granular cytoplasm
and low N:C ratio. In case II, residual 10% of the neoplastic cells had lipid-like vacuolated cytoplasm. In both
tumors, the cytoplasm resulted strongly positive with PAS. Treatment with diastase abolished PAS
reactivity. Case I showed PAS+ and dPAS- staining also in lymph node metastasis. In case II, 10% of
neoplastic cells were positive to Sudan III. No stain with AB was obtained. Case I showed positivity for CK19
and CK5/6, negativity for ER, PR and c-erbB2, resulting a basal-like phenotype in primary tumor and lymph
node metastasis. They were both positive for EGFR, E-cad, c-KIT, and weakly for calponin. Case II was a
basal-like phenotype, presenting CK 19, E-cad, c-KIT, weak CK14 and strong vimentin positivity. The
proliferative ki67 index was 26.75% in case I and 8.2% in case II.
Based on the morphology, typical features of human MG GRCC are the “fried eggs appearance”, clear
cytoplasm and small dark punctate nuclei (2).On the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding
GRCC in canine MG. The diagnosis was confirmed by PAS+ of intracytoplasmic glycogen granules and lack of
stain with dPAS. Case II was considered a GRCC with lipid rich differentiation. Both cases had a basal-like
phenotype and the expression of EGFR and c-KIT was suggestive of an association of cell proliferation with
signal transduction of surface molecules (3). GRCC can be considered a new rare histological subtype of
canine mammary tumors, with clear cytoplasm, PAS+ and dPAS-, expressing the triple negative phenotype,
a tumor with clinical aggressive behavior that should be differentiated from lipid rich carcinoma
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