102,771 research outputs found
Erratum to: Effect of moderate red wine intake on cardiac prognosis after recent acute myocardial infarction of subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Diabetic Medicine, (2006), 23, 9, (974-981), 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01886.x)
No full textIn an article by Marfella et al, the author name C. Saron is incorrect and should be listed as C. Sardu. Therefore the correct author list is: R. Marfella, F. Cacciapuoti, M. Siniscalchi, F. C. Sasso, F. Marchese, F. Cinone, E. Musacchio, M. A. Marfella, L. Ruggiero, G. Chiorazzo, D. Liberti, G. Chiorazzo, G. F. Nicoletti, C. Sardu, F. D'Andrea, C. Ammendola, M. Verza and L. Coppola.In an article by Marfella et al, the author name C. Saron is incorrect and should be listed as C. Sardu. Therefore the correct author list is: R. Marfella, F. Cacciapuoti, M. Siniscalchi, F. C. Sasso, F. Marchese, F. Cinone, E. Musacchio, M. A. Marfella, L. Ruggiero, G. Chiorazzo, D. Liberti, G. Chiorazzo, G. F. Nicoletti, C. Sardu, F. D'Andrea, C. Ammendola, M. Verza and L. Coppola
1st International Conference on "Multilingual digital terminology today. Design, representation formats and management systems".
No full textThe first international conference on “Multilingual Digital Terminology Today. Design, Representation Formats and Management Systems” (MDTT) 2022 aims to bring together specialists in the disciplines of terminology, terminography, computational terminology, computational linguistics, NLP, in order to share methodological reflections on design approaches, representation formats and management systems of the digital terminology contained in the terminological resources
When a Clue is not a Clue. A corpus-driven study of explicit vs. implicit signalling of sentence links in popular economics translation
No full textThis paper analyses the translation of a special kind of cohesive devices - intersentential connectives - in a corpus of economics articles taken from newspapers and magazines and translated from English into Italian. Our research relates data on the frequency of connectives to data from a comparable corpus of original Italian articles and focuses on explicitation in translation achieved by inserting connectives where there were none in the source texts. We suggest that explicitation is a consequence of the translators' attempts to follow text production norms which are typical of Italian but can also be regarded as a clue to the process of decoding the - often specialist - source text information
Tradurre economia e finanza con l'ausilio dei corpora: appunti per il traduttore professionista
No full textThis paper illustrates the kind(s) of contribution the analysis of electronic corpora can provide in the study of the problems concerning the comprehension of economic and financial texts that non-economists such as translators can encounter. Parallel but especially comparable corpora can help translators to identify typical usage in economics and finance, ranging from lexical and terminological issues through collocation and colligation to textual aspects and items such as terms and phraseology that pose problems because they are deceptively similar or identical to general language items or collocations
Following Norms, Taking Risks: A Study of the Use of Connectives in a Corpus of Translated Economics Articles in Italian
No full textFrom a contrastive perspective, Italian is often said to make more extensive use of connectives and other text-organizing elements than English. Little empirical support exists for such a claim and vague references are made in the literature to possible differences in the way text-organizing elements are used in Italian translated and non-translated texts. In specialist translation, adding text-organizing elements to a translated text may entail the risk of making explicit the wrong kind of coherence relation between two source-text sections (e.g. two juxtaposed sentences). Our paper explores
the use of intersentential connectives in a corpus of Italian translated texts in economics, comparing these both with the English source texts and with comparable Italian non-translated texts. The analysis shows that the frequency of connectives is, overall, higher in the non-translated than in the translated texts; in the translated texts, a connective is often ‘added’ to the text, i.e. it has no ST counterpart; many ‘added’ connectives in the translations are items that are very frequent in non-translated texts. We take these fi ndings as evidence of two related phenomena: 1) the tendency of translators to make the TTs more explicit in terms of intersentential relations; 2) the fact that, in following this tendency towards explicitation, translators are also favouring norms of text production assumed to be characteristic of the TL. Our interpretation of these phenomena is that translators follow an initial norm inspired by ‘acceptability’ (as discussed
in Gideon Toury’s theory of translation norms) and that the addition of a connective in Italian TTs is for the most part a stylistic device aimed at making the texts more idiomatic
When are science and technology (in)accessible? A diachronic study of the popularisation of new terms in physics and information technology
No full textIn terminology, two types of term formation are usually mentioned. Primary term formation is the coinage of new terms on the basis of the resources and prevailing trends in a given language. Secondary term formation consists in finding an equivalent for a concept already named in another language - usually English as the international lingua franca of science and technology. Finally, another form of term formation is term variation, a process whereby terms are formed on the basis of variation of existing terms (Humbley 2005). Though terminology has often been studied in a synchronic perspective and has therefore focused on primary term formation and on the issue of motivation from the point of view of the decoder of the message, a number of scholars – Cabré, Temmerman, Humbley and Kageura among others – have shown that research in term formation greatly benefits from a diachronic perspective. The main advantages are the possibility to account for processes of term consolidation and term change, in particular in languages other than English, where new terminology is often the result of secondary term formation processes or of term variation, and specifically in domains like information technology, characterised by a fast and marked evolution of concepts and designations over time and by a high degree of indeterminacy in primary term formation (Schmitz 2007). Investigation of term formation in a diachronic perspective has been enhanced by corpus-based and corpus-driven terminography which enables investigators to compile diachronic corpora for the study of terms from their first appearance to consolidation, possible variation and disappearance. Even within a diachronic perspective, however, a number of issues remain open-ended. First and foremost, given the English origin of many terms, to what extent are coiners of new terms in a target language aware of problems of accessibility to field-specific knowledge for non-experts? Second, how is term variation accounted for in popularised accounts of science and technology? In other words, if the public understanding and communication of scientific and technological innovation are relevant enterprises to secure support and funds for research, or to contribute to the commercial success of a software product, are there strategies in place that ensure a smooth flow of information? In this paper we first analyse a diachronic corpus of popular science articles on particle physics in English and Italian to study development of term formation processes and to investigate what strategies are used to introduce new terminology while at the same time ensuring that it is understandable to the target readers. Ahmad and Musacchio (2003) found that, as nuclear physics increasingly became an international rather than a national enterprise, patterns of term formation in Italian changed and typically Italian morphological processes partly modified to accommodate a growing number of terms from English in the form of adapted loan words or loan translations. However, the corpus used to research Fermi’s language consisted of journal articles and different types of texts for students of physics at university level, so it could not provide data on popular science physics and how it tackles problems of accessibility or inaccessibility of new terminology such as the English loan term spin. Second, we compare processes of term formation and strategies for popularisation in particle physics with data from a corpus of information technology (IT) in order to detect similarities and differences in patterns of term formation, terminologisation and determinologisation with reference to information technology. In IT, nowadays one of more alternative terms produced directly in the market and available to experts / power users and the general public at the same time (popularisation by early adopters and influencers), often before they are standardised by commercial enterprises, that are left with limited term creation options, and might have to adopt what has been popularised by the market even if not the best choice. Until recently, enterprises involved subject matter experts only in term formation, then SMEs and selected end users, while nowadays crowdsourcing. Differences between “official” terminology and “power user” jargon, as reported by Adamo in 1996, have been largely reduced, thanks to much higher computer literacy. In IT terminology the evolution of concepts and designations over time is probably faster and more marked than in other domains, due not only to rapid technological developments but also to a higher degree of indeterminacy in primary term formation, partly caused by inadequate terminology awareness by developers (Schmitz 2007). As Sager (1997) put it, “The coexistence of several methods of secondary term formation in the target language which may be used simultaneously or sequentially, provides the occasion for several alternative or competing new terms”, a complexity that has become more marked in times of easier and faster access to new concepts and higher computer literacy. Understanding the patterns of secondary term formation and term variation in a diachronic perspective is therefore a crucial factor in the language of particle physics and in the standardization of IT terminology that is both acceptable to experts and accessible to non-experts, and that contributes to communication and understanding of particle physics and to the commercial success of a product without requiring any subsequent expensive term changes.
References
ADAMO, G. (1996), “La terminologia tecnico-scientifica in lingua italiana: alcune osservazioni sulla terminologia dell’informatica”, Réflexions Séminaire Realiter, Nice, 1er et 2 juillet 1996, "Réflexions méthodologiques sur le travail en terminologie et en terminotique dans les langues latines", Nice http://www.realiter.net/spip.php?article665
AHMAD K., MUSACCHIO M.T. (2003) “Enrico Fermi and the making of the language of nuclear physics”, Fachsprache, vol. 3-4, pp. 120-140.
CABRÉ M.T. (1999) Terminology. Theory, Methods, and Applications, Amsterdam, Benjamins.
HUMBLEY J. (2005) “Accounting for term formation”, Terminology Science and Research. Journal of the International Institute for Terminology Research IITF, Vol. 16,
http://lipas.uwasa.fi/svenska/iitf/tsr2005/vol20/vol20_humbley.php.
SAGER, J.C. (1990) A Practical Course in Terminology Processing, Amsterdam, Benjamins.
SAGER, J.C. (1997) “Term Formation”, Handbook of Terminology Management (Volume I), S. E. Wright and G. Budin (eds), Amsterdam, Benjamins.
SCHMITZ, K.-D. (2007), “Indeterminacy of terms and icons in software localization”, Indeterminacy in Terminology and LSP: Studies in Honour of Heribert Picht, H. Picht, B. E. Antia, Amsterdam, Benjamins.
TEMMERMAN R. (2000) Towards New Ways of Terminology Description, Amsterdam, Benjamins
Redefining Translation Pedagogy: Learning through Portfolios
No full textWhile translation portfolios are referred to in the literature on translator education (Davies 2004, Kelly 2005) and their effectiveness both for translation learning and assessment is mentioned, few cases are reported which provide a description of how to develop them and/or data about their use (Johnson 2003, Haiyan 2006). Moreover, where descriptions do exist, references to activities involving ‘readings’ in translation theory are found, but no explicit mention is made of how theory is integrated into the portfolio; only error analysis features somewhat prominently for the purposes of portfolio assessment. In this paper we outline our work in the design of an electronic course translation portfolio as an attempt to combine theory and practice with a view to empowering students by heightening their awareness of the factors involved in translation (Kiraly 2000). First, a discussion is provided of issues and perspectives that have emerged in the design of a portfolio for undergraduate students, that is in the attempt to develop translation competences by engaging students in online translation activities and reflection activating the most appropriate strategies for carrying out the tasks they have to accomplish. Second, considering that the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) has successfully been used to develop portfolios for language learning, in particular the European Language Portfolio (ELP), we have set out to explore this document with a view to establishing if we could find anything relevant for the design of a Translation Portfolio, while bearing in mind that in the CEFR translation is a means – an activity or task – for language learning, whereas in translating as a profession or translator education it is an end in itself. Finally, we report on experimenting draft versions of our Translation Portfolio with undergraduate students at the University of Padova
Implicazioni territoriali per pratiche di riqualificazione e ricomposizione urbana
No full textI processi di urbanizzazione degli ultimi trenta anni esprimono un quadro profondamente mutato rispetto agli ordini funzionali e morfologici dei periodi precedenti.
Gli studi sistemici di alcune ricerche sul territorio italiano (si pensi alla ricerca It. Urb 80 sullo stato dell’urbanizzazione in Italia degli anni ottanta, coordinata da Giovanni Astengo e Camillo Nucci tra il 1987 e il 1990, alla ricerca Itaten promossa dal Ministero dei Lavori Pubblici negli anni novanta e, più recentemente, alla ricerca PRIN Postmetropoli - Territori post-metropolitani come forme urbane emergenti) e il contributo monografico di alcuni autori (per l’Italia, ad esempio, quello di F. Indovina, B. Secchi, G. Dematteis, A. Bonomi e A. Abruzzese) hanno mostrato non solo le tendenze e le dinamiche della produzione urbana contemporanea ma anche alcuni fattori di consolidamento che, almeno nelle parti di più recente formazione, esprimono indiscutibili esigenze di (ri)significazione e (ri)qualificazione (Santangelo, mimeo, 2016).
Le più recenti manifestazioni insediative, dilatate ben oltre i limiti della “città compatta”, verso aree indefinibilmente vaste, in una incessante mescolanza di elementi artificiali e naturali (o rurali, o agricoli), inducono ad ammettere, per il progetto della città, l’assunzione di una prospettiva territoriale e, dunque, il condizionamento di “dominanti” diverse da quelle che hanno nutrito l’ideale urbano nella città moderna.
La relazione “di tipo urbano” tra città e territorio non è nuova e alcune forme di “civismo” proiettate nel contesto allargato del territorio hanno notoriamente ispirato, ad esempio, l’utopismo antiurbano di fine ottocento, le teorie della Garden City e sono riscontrabili nelle esperienze europee e nord americane riconducibili al New Urbanism e al Regional planning.
Tuttavia, la riflessione che si intende proporre non vorrebbe limitarsi alla considerazione del potenziale “ecologico” e “naturale” della dimensione territoriale.
L’ambizione è quella di ampliare ed articolare il quadro dei fattori implicabili nella produzione di nuove forme di urbanità, tenendo conto del contributo di rinnovate relazioni con l’“esteriorità” di ambienti ad elevata complessità e l’“alterità” dei molteplici attori che interagiscono nella scena (Raffestin, 1981).
Gli approfondimenti che seguiranno, anche attraverso il racconto di alcune esperienze, puntano, dunque, a riconsiderare la “complessità territoriale” attraverso il quadro delle componenti (sia dal punto di vista fisico-materiale che sociale – relazionale) che entrano in gioco nella condizione ‘dispiegata’ della città, anche come stimolo per future prospettive di ricomposizione e di riequilibrio.
In questo senso il territorio - e il sistema di valori e risorse che gli sono propri - è designato ad assumere una vocazione ricompositiva ed offre stimoli diversi per l’esercizio di rinnovate competenze progettuali, in un’ottica di efficacia per pratiche contemporanee ed esiti di lunga durata
- …
