130,973 research outputs found
Economia - XVII edizione
No full textTraduzione italiana di Maria Teresa Musacchio (Capp. 1-3/20-34) e Carla Zanoni (Capp. 4-19
Erratum to: Effect of moderate red wine intake on cardiac prognosis after recent acute myocardial infarction of subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Diabetic Medicine, (2006), 23, 9, (974-981), 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01886.x)
No full textIn an article by Marfella et al, the author name C. Saron is incorrect and should be listed as C. Sardu. Therefore the correct author list is: R. Marfella, F. Cacciapuoti, M. Siniscalchi, F. C. Sasso, F. Marchese, F. Cinone, E. Musacchio, M. A. Marfella, L. Ruggiero, G. Chiorazzo, D. Liberti, G. Chiorazzo, G. F. Nicoletti, C. Sardu, F. D'Andrea, C. Ammendola, M. Verza and L. Coppola.In an article by Marfella et al, the author name C. Saron is incorrect and should be listed as C. Sardu. Therefore the correct author list is: R. Marfella, F. Cacciapuoti, M. Siniscalchi, F. C. Sasso, F. Marchese, F. Cinone, E. Musacchio, M. A. Marfella, L. Ruggiero, G. Chiorazzo, D. Liberti, G. Chiorazzo, G. F. Nicoletti, C. Sardu, F. D'Andrea, C. Ammendola, M. Verza and L. Coppola
FUNZIONALIZZAZIONE PROTESICA IMMEDIATA PROGRESSIVA” DI IMPIANTI OSTEOINTEGRATI NEL SETTORE FRONTALE
No full textDinousaurs
No full textA book for children outlining the life and times of dinosaurs, from their evolution to the present-day discovery of their fossils
When are science and technology (in)accessible? A diachronic study of the popularisation of new terms in physics and information technology
No full textIn terminology, two types of term formation are usually mentioned. Primary term formation is the coinage of new terms on the basis of the resources and prevailing trends in a given language. Secondary term formation consists in finding an equivalent for a concept already named in another language - usually English as the international lingua franca of science and technology. Finally, another form of term formation is term variation, a process whereby terms are formed on the basis of variation of existing terms (Humbley 2005). Though terminology has often been studied in a synchronic perspective and has therefore focused on primary term formation and on the issue of motivation from the point of view of the decoder of the message, a number of scholars – Cabré, Temmerman, Humbley and Kageura among others – have shown that research in term formation greatly benefits from a diachronic perspective. The main advantages are the possibility to account for processes of term consolidation and term change, in particular in languages other than English, where new terminology is often the result of secondary term formation processes or of term variation, and specifically in domains like information technology, characterised by a fast and marked evolution of concepts and designations over time and by a high degree of indeterminacy in primary term formation (Schmitz 2007). Investigation of term formation in a diachronic perspective has been enhanced by corpus-based and corpus-driven terminography which enables investigators to compile diachronic corpora for the study of terms from their first appearance to consolidation, possible variation and disappearance. Even within a diachronic perspective, however, a number of issues remain open-ended. First and foremost, given the English origin of many terms, to what extent are coiners of new terms in a target language aware of problems of accessibility to field-specific knowledge for non-experts? Second, how is term variation accounted for in popularised accounts of science and technology? In other words, if the public understanding and communication of scientific and technological innovation are relevant enterprises to secure support and funds for research, or to contribute to the commercial success of a software product, are there strategies in place that ensure a smooth flow of information? In this paper we first analyse a diachronic corpus of popular science articles on particle physics in English and Italian to study development of term formation processes and to investigate what strategies are used to introduce new terminology while at the same time ensuring that it is understandable to the target readers. Ahmad and Musacchio (2003) found that, as nuclear physics increasingly became an international rather than a national enterprise, patterns of term formation in Italian changed and typically Italian morphological processes partly modified to accommodate a growing number of terms from English in the form of adapted loan words or loan translations. However, the corpus used to research Fermi’s language consisted of journal articles and different types of texts for students of physics at university level, so it could not provide data on popular science physics and how it tackles problems of accessibility or inaccessibility of new terminology such as the English loan term spin. Second, we compare processes of term formation and strategies for popularisation in particle physics with data from a corpus of information technology (IT) in order to detect similarities and differences in patterns of term formation, terminologisation and determinologisation with reference to information technology. In IT, nowadays one of more alternative terms produced directly in the market and available to experts / power users and the general public at the same time (popularisation by early adopters and influencers), often before they are standardised by commercial enterprises, that are left with limited term creation options, and might have to adopt what has been popularised by the market even if not the best choice. Until recently, enterprises involved subject matter experts only in term formation, then SMEs and selected end users, while nowadays crowdsourcing. Differences between “official” terminology and “power user” jargon, as reported by Adamo in 1996, have been largely reduced, thanks to much higher computer literacy. In IT terminology the evolution of concepts and designations over time is probably faster and more marked than in other domains, due not only to rapid technological developments but also to a higher degree of indeterminacy in primary term formation, partly caused by inadequate terminology awareness by developers (Schmitz 2007). As Sager (1997) put it, “The coexistence of several methods of secondary term formation in the target language which may be used simultaneously or sequentially, provides the occasion for several alternative or competing new terms”, a complexity that has become more marked in times of easier and faster access to new concepts and higher computer literacy. Understanding the patterns of secondary term formation and term variation in a diachronic perspective is therefore a crucial factor in the language of particle physics and in the standardization of IT terminology that is both acceptable to experts and accessible to non-experts, and that contributes to communication and understanding of particle physics and to the commercial success of a product without requiring any subsequent expensive term changes.
References
ADAMO, G. (1996), “La terminologia tecnico-scientifica in lingua italiana: alcune osservazioni sulla terminologia dell’informatica”, Réflexions Séminaire Realiter, Nice, 1er et 2 juillet 1996, "Réflexions méthodologiques sur le travail en terminologie et en terminotique dans les langues latines", Nice http://www.realiter.net/spip.php?article665
AHMAD K., MUSACCHIO M.T. (2003) “Enrico Fermi and the making of the language of nuclear physics”, Fachsprache, vol. 3-4, pp. 120-140.
CABRÉ M.T. (1999) Terminology. Theory, Methods, and Applications, Amsterdam, Benjamins.
HUMBLEY J. (2005) “Accounting for term formation”, Terminology Science and Research. Journal of the International Institute for Terminology Research IITF, Vol. 16,
http://lipas.uwasa.fi/svenska/iitf/tsr2005/vol20/vol20_humbley.php.
SAGER, J.C. (1990) A Practical Course in Terminology Processing, Amsterdam, Benjamins.
SAGER, J.C. (1997) “Term Formation”, Handbook of Terminology Management (Volume I), S. E. Wright and G. Budin (eds), Amsterdam, Benjamins.
SCHMITZ, K.-D. (2007), “Indeterminacy of terms and icons in software localization”, Indeterminacy in Terminology and LSP: Studies in Honour of Heribert Picht, H. Picht, B. E. Antia, Amsterdam, Benjamins.
TEMMERMAN R. (2000) Towards New Ways of Terminology Description, Amsterdam, Benjamins
From L2 communication awareness to L1 text production: assessing students’ acquisition of pragmatic competence in translating texts on the GMO debate [TAPP-Virtual exchange]
No full textThis paper investigates the ways in which argumentation is dealt with in English and Italian by comparing and contrasting a comparable/parallel corpus of texts on genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Pragmatic discourse strategies are explored in a comparable corpus of GMO texts written by US students and in translations Italian students made as part of a virtual exchange or tele-collaboration project. The project involved students in a US university writing argumentative texts on GMOs and students at an Italian university translating them. Corpus data suggest that – faced with unfamiliar, culturally different arguments about GMOs in US texts – trainee translators had to address issues concerning pragmatics and had to use a cultural filter (House 2006) to produce translations that read like target language originals and met target language expectations
Characterization of a minisatellite repeat locus in the chloroplast genome of Orchis palustris (Orchidaceae)
No full textCharacterization of a minisatellite repeat locus in the chloroplast genome of Orchis palustris (Orchidaceae)
No full textEndowments, Fiscal Federalism, and the Cost of Capital for States: Evidence from Brazil, 1891-1930
No full textIn this paper, we contribute to the discussion of what determines country risk by arguing that an important explanatory factor is the impact that commodities have on the capacity to pay. We use a newly created data base with state-level fiscal and risk premium data for Brazil states between 1891 and 1930 to show that Brazilian states with natural endowments that allowed them to export commodities that were in high demand ended up having higher revenues per capita and, thus, lower cost of capital. We also explain that the variation in revenues per capita across states was both a product of the variation in natural endowments and a commodity boom that had asymmetric effects among states. We end by running instrumental variable estimates using indices of export prices for each state to instrument for revenues per capita. Our IV estimates confirm our results that states with commodities that had higher price increases had lower risk premia.State public debt, fiscal decentralization, endowments, public revenue.
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
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