175 research outputs found
Antiproliferative activities of chalepin and rutamarin isolated from Ruta angustifolia on selected cancer cell lines / Musa Isah Fakai
No full textChalepin and rutamarin isolated from the chloroform fraction of Ruta angustifolia were screened against selected cancer lines namely the human hormone-dependent breast cancer cell (MCF7), human non-hormone-dependent breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231), human colon cancer cell (HT29), human colon carcinoma cell (HCT116) and a normal lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5). Phytochemical investigation on the active chloroform extract led to the isolation of chalepin and rutamarin using HPLC. These compounds were then, identified by GC-MS and NMR analysis. This was followed by cytotoxicity screening using SRB assay. Based on the IC50 at the lower time point, chalepin was further investigated for its apoptotic induction on MCF7 cell through morphological analysis using both phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy; and established biochemical assays. Western blot analysis was also conducted on MCF7 treated with chalepin. For HT29 cells, rutamarin treatment followed by downstream study on protein profiling by LC-MS approach as well as western blot analysis was performed as there were no previously reported study. The active chloroform extract showed relatively higher cytotoxic activity against MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and HT29, but no activity against MRC5 (IC50 > 100g/mL). Chalepin displayed remarkable cytotoxicity against all tested cancer cell lines but no activity against MRC-5. Rutamarin on the other hand, showed remarkable cytotoxic activity only on MCF7 and HT29, whereas no activity against MDA-MB-231 and MRC5 was observed. In this study, morphological examinations identified typical apoptotic features such as membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and apoptotic body formation. Phosphatidylserine externalisations, DNA fragmentation, and caspase-3 activity significantly increased whereas mitochondrial membrane potential significantly decreased in chalepin treated MCF7 cells as compared to untreated cells. Western blots results showed that the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins such as caspases, Bid and P53 were upregulated whereas cell cycle regulatory proteins such as CDK2, CDK4, cyclin A, and cyclin D were downregulated. Similarly, EGFR and its downstream cascades; (PI3K-AKT; JAK-STAT3 and Erk pathways) were also downregulated. The apoptotic effect of chalepin against MCF7 was a dose and time-dependent manner. On the other hand, Western blot results on HT29 treated with rutamarin shows that the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins such as caspases, Bid, P21, P27, and P53 was upregulated whereas cell cycle regulatory proteins such as CDK2, CDK4, cyclin A, and cyclin D were downregulated. Similarly, EGFR and its downstream cascades (PI3K-AKT; JAK-STAT3 and Erk pathways) were also downregulated. Results from proteomic profiling indicates that 2056 proteins were identified from both untreated and 6 hours rutamarin treated HT29. Following filtrations, at various levels, only 756 proteins were used for the analysis. Consequently, two sample t-test show that only one protein; mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2) (Q9Y6C9) was identified to be upregulated in 6 hours, whereas profile plot analysis indicated 20 proteins are having a similar pattern including the differentially expressed protein. These initial results, therefore suggest that chalepin and rutamarin may serve as potential anticancer agents that warrant further in-depth investigations
An Overview on the Healing Potentials of Musa sapientm (Banana) in the Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease
No full textGastric ulcer is a localized area of erosion in the stomach lining, resulting in abdominal pain, possible bleeding, and other gastrointestinal symptoms. The most common cause of gastric ulcer is Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and a stomach infection associated with the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria. The management of peptic ulcer disease and its complications remain a surgical challenge. Therefore, the evolution of newly discovered antiulcer drugs from medicinal plants is an attractive area because several chemicals with anti-ulcer effects have been found in these plants, and they have shown a promising potential in the treatment of the disease. Musa sapientum (Family: Musaceae), known as banana, is a familiar tropical fruit, a treelike perennial herb that grows 5-9 m in height, with a tuberous rhizome, hard, long pseudo-stem. The inflorescence is big with a reddish-brown bract, and it is eaten as vegetables, and the ripe fruits are sweet. Some studies reported that pectin and phosphatidylcholine in green banana strengthen the mucous-phospholipid layer that protects the gastric mucosa. Other studies highlight that leucocyanidin, a natural flavonoid from the unripe banana (Musa sapientum) pulp, protects the gastric mucosa from erosions. The present study aims at reviewing the relevant studies on bioactive compounds in Musa sapientum with their healing potentials in gastric ulcer diseases
Genome-wide identification of genes involved in beetle odoriferous defensive stink gland function recognizes Laccase2 as the phenoloxidase responsible for toxic para-benzoquinone synthesis
No full textExocrine glands have evolved several times independently in Coleoptera to produce defensive chemical compounds with repellent, antimicrobial, or toxic effects. Research on such glands had focused on morphological or chemical ecology methods. However, modern genetic approaches were missing to better understand this biological process. With the rise of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum , as a model for studies of development and pest biology, molecular genetic tools are now available to also study the safe generation of toxic compounds in defensive stink glands. Using the RNA-interference-based, genome-wide, phenotypic screen “iBeetle” and the re-analysis of gland-specific transcriptomics based on a significantly improved genome annotation, we could identify 490 genes being involved in odoriferous stink gland function. In the iBeetle screen, 247 genes were identified, of which we present here 178 genes identified during iBeetle’s 3rd phase, while the transcriptomics analyses identified 249 genes, with six genes being identified in both functional genomics approaches. Of these 490 genes, only about 40% of these genes have molecularly characterized homologs in the vinegar fly, while for 213 genes no fly homologs were recognized and for 13 genes no gene ontology at all was identified. This highlights the importance of genome-wide gene identification in tissues that have not been previously analyzed to recognize potentially new gene functions. Gene ontology analysis revealed “SNARE interactions in vesicular transport”, “Lysosome”, “Pancreatic secretion”, and “MAPK signaling pathway – fly” as key pathways. Additionally, many of the genes are encoding enzymes, transcription factors, transporters, or are involved in membrane trafficking. As the phenoloxidase responsible for generating the toxic para -benzoquinones in the stink glands of the beetle, we could identify laccase2, which is expressed in the last secretory cell in contact with the cuticle-lined vesicular organelle, where the toxic compounds are safely produced before being released into the gland reservoir.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659Bayer CropScience http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100008791Erasmus+ http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010790Georg-August-Universität Göttingen http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/50110000338
Chalepin and rutamarin isolated from Ruta angustifolia inhibit cell growth in selected cancer cell lines (MCF7, MDA-MB-231, HT29, and HCT116)
No full textMany anticancer drugs have their origin in natural sources like plants. In this
study, extracts from Ruta angustifolia were screened against four (4) selected cancer cell
lines and a normal lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5). The chloroform extract showed higher
cytotoxic activity against MCF7, HT29, HCT116, but mild cytotoxicity against MDA-MB231
and no activity against MCR5 (IC50 > 100?g/mL). Chalepin and rutamarin were then
isolated from the active chloroform extract. Chalepin displayed remarkable cytotoxicity
against all tested cancer cell lines but no activity against MCR5. Rutamarin, on the other
hand, showed remarkable cytotoxicity activity against MCF7, HT29, and HCT116, whereas
no activity against MDA-MB-231 and MRC5 was observed. The present study therefore
revealed that chalepin and rutamarin inhibit cell growth against cancer cell lines in a dose
and time-dependent manner. These initial results, therefore, suggests that chalepin and
rutamarin may serve as potential source of anticancer agents
Suppl_material - Effect of Baseline Symptom Manifestations on Retention in Care and Treatment among HIV-Infected Patients in Nigeria
No full textSuppl_material for Effect of Baseline Symptom Manifestations on Retention in Care and Treatment among HIV-Infected Patients in Nigeria by Juliet Adeola, Okikiolu Abimbola Badejo, Aimalohi Ahonkhai, Prosper Okonkwo, Patrick Aboh Akande, Charlesnika Tyon Evans, Megan McHugh, Leslie Pierce, Isah Ahmed, Toyin Jolayemi, Babatunde Ladi Akinyemi, Ifeyinwa Onwuatuelo, Robert Murphy, Demetrious Kyriacou, Jonah Musa and Patricia Agaba in Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC)</p
The Green Book
No full textDate created: 1976 (est.). The entire manuscript is available for download below as a single PDF file. Because of the large size of this manuscript, it is also available in three partial PDF files. In addition, each page is available as a separate, larger, JPG file. If higher-resolution JP2 files are needed (WARNING: files average 11-14MB in size), please contact [email protected]. Fieldwork Team: Mustapha Kurfi (PI, Hausa Ajami Scholar), Abdurra'uf Hashim (Research Assistant) and Bara'u Musa (Research Assistant). Technical Team: Vika Zafrin (Institutional Repository Librarian, Boston University Libraries), Dr. Fallou Ngom (Director, African Language Program), Dr. Peter Quella (Assistant Director, African Studies Center), and Zachary Gersten (Coordinator, African Language Program). This collection of Hausa Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center's African Ajami Library. This project is funded by the Boston University African Studies Center. We thank Prof. Tim Longman, Director of the African Studies Center, and the entire African Studies Team for their support. Access Condition and Copyright: The materials are subject to copyright. Access is for research and educational purposes only. Materials are not to be reproduced without written permission. Citation: Kurfi, Mustapha and Ngom, Fallou. 2015. African Ajami Library: Digital Preservation of Hausa Ajami Manuscripts of Nigeria. Boston: Boston University Library: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/11725 For Inquires: Please, contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]).The material is a Hausa Ajami transliteration of former Libyan leader Moammar Ghadafi's The Green Book. The title in Hausa is Koren Littaafi. Ghadafi's goals for writing The Green Book were to express his political and social philosophy, which rejects capitalism and modern liberal democracy based on electing representatives. The book's prose, with its simple quotations, appears to be inspired from Mao Zedong's The Little Red Book. For wider audience and readership, Ghadafi sponsored lectures and seminars purposed to propagate the book's ideas at various universities and colleges in France, Eastern Europe, Colombia, and Venezuela up until 1993. The book was also translated into several languages and scripts, including Hausa and Hausa Ajami. Although the date, town, and publisher of the Hausa Ajami version of this book were not indicated, an interview with the owner of this manuscript, Alhaji Idris Isah, (age 81 years old), a grassroots politician, suggested that it was published in the late 1980s. He also noted that he has owned his copy since the early 1990s, since one of Ghadafi's visits to Nigeria. The collection contains three chapters and 187 pages in total
Isolation and Characterization of Phyllosphere Bacteria and their Bioremediation-Potential of Spent Engine Oil Contaminated Soil
No full textEnvironmental pollution from spent engine oil (SEO) is a growing concern due to its persistence and toxicity risks to soil health and ecosystems, necessitating the continuous search for sustainable and cost-effective bioremediation approaches. This study investigated the potential of phyllosphere bacteria for bioremediation of SEO-contaminated soils. Leaves were purposively sampled from ten mechanic workshops in Katsina, Nigeria, to isolate and identify native bacteria using morphological characteristics and analysis with the VITEK 2 Compact kit. For hydrocarbon degradation studies, isolates were cultured on mineral salts medium (MSM) containing SEO as the sole carbon source. To validate the SEO remediation potential, a 60-day simulated soil microcosm experiment was conducted by mixing SEO-contaminated soil with bacterial inoculums (10 mL of broth culture containing 1010CFU/mL cells) in six planting bags (four with individual bacterial isolates, one with bacterial consortium, and one as a control), and the soil recovery was monitored by measuring the physicochemical parameters, including pH, organic carbon, nitrogen content, and electrical conductivity. The main SEO degraders identified were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Kocuria kristinae, and Pseudomonas oleovorans, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Kocuria kristinae having the highest growth rates (>22.4×107 CFU/mL) in SEO. Post-treatment analysis revealed significant improvements (p < 0.05) in soil quality/fertility, with the soil treated with bacterial consortia having the highest fertility level, showing an 11% increase in organic carbon, a 20% rise in nitrogen content, and stabilization of pH levels and improved electrical conductivity (an indicator of soil salinity), confirming reduction in pollutant levels. These findings showcase the promising role of phyllosphere bacteria in restoring SEO-polluted soils using a sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly solution. Hence, this study provides a foundation for further research into mountable SEO bioremediation strategies, particularly in regions with limited access to advanced remediation technologies
Gas Chromatographic evaluation of hydrocarbon degradation capabilities of Phyllosphere-derived Bacteria in simulated bioremediation of contaminated soil
No full textMonitoring hydrocarbon degradation is critical to assessing environmental pollution and the effectiveness of bioremediation strategies. Phyllosphere bacteria residing on plant surfaces have been shown to play a vital role in breaking down hydrocarbons; however, there is limited understanding of the compound-specific degradation patterns within the complex microbial communities present in the phyllosphere. This study evaluated the hydrocarbon-degrading capacities of four phyllosphere-derived isolates (Kocuria kristinae EN3, Pseudomonas oleovorans EP3, Pseudomonas aeruginosa EP4, and EP7) and a mixed-species consortium in comparison to natural attenuation in simulated bioremediation of contaminated soil (soil micrococosm) using Gas chromatography-flame ionization (GC-FID) analysis. Soil microcosms were amended with 5 g kg⁻¹ spent engine oil and inoculated with either individual isolates (~10⁸ CFU g⁻¹), the consortium (equal proportions of all four strains), or left uninoculated (natural attenuation). Incubation proceeded for 60 days at 28 °C under aerobic conditions. GC-FID analyzed hydrocarbon profiles at day 0 and day 60 to quantify relative peak areas and identify emergent byproducts. Results revealed that the consortium achieved a 2-fold increase in 1-Docosene (from 14.3% to 29.5% area) and produced shorter alkanes (Hexadecane, 0.20%; 1-Hexane, 0.99%). Individual strains displayed divergent patterns: EP3 eliminated mid-chain alkanes and generated halogenated byproducts (e.g., trichloromethane, 0.52%), EN3 uniquely accumulated a fluorinated ester (Octacosyl heptafluorobutyrate, 13.7%), and EP7 selectively enriched 1-Docosene (22.4%). Natural attenuation mirrored many effects of the consortium, with cyclic hydrocarbons (Cyclohexane) increasing from 0.71% to 15.2%, indicating substantial indigenous activity. In conclusion, this study highlights the efficacy of GC-FID in tracking hydrocarbon degradation and the potential of phyllosphere bacteria in bioremediation. Future research should focus on optimizing bacterial consortia for field-scale applications
EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RICE BRAN OIL (RBO) FOR POTENTIAL APPLICATION AS BIODIESEL
No full textAbstract: Rice bran oil (RBO) is a potential feedstock for biodiesel and biolubricant production among other alternative sources. The rice bran’s fat extraction was carried out using maceration with chloroform, solvent recovery as a means of purification was carried out using rotary evaporator. Physicochemical analysis such as percent extraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), iodine value, peroxide value and saponification values were carried out to ascertain its potential application as Biodiesel. From the GC-MS analysis, over 30 compounds including fatty acids and other phytochemicals were discovered with Oleic acid having the greater percentage of 34.5% having the base peak at m/z of 282.
Keywords: Rice bran oil (RBO), biodiesel, biolubricant production.
Title: EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RICE BRAN OIL (RBO) FOR POTENTIAL APPLICATION AS BIODIESEL
Author: Shehu Isah, Abdulkarim Shuaib
International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics
ISSN 2394-9651
Vol. 10, Issue 3, September 2023 - December 2023
Page No: 36-62
Novelty Journals
Website: www.noveltyjournals.com
Published Date: 21-September-2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8366590
Paper Download Link (Source)
https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/EXTRACTION%20AND%20CHARACTERIZATION-21092023-6.pdfInternational Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics, ISSN 2394-9651, Novelty Journals, Website: www.noveltyjournals.co
Hyperactive piggyBac transposase improves transformation efficiency in diverse insect species
No full text- …
