67 research outputs found
Successful resuscitation and neurological monitoring of a dog with out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest due to pentobarbital overdose.
Get PDFOBJECTIVE
To describe the clinical signs, electroencephalographic (EEG) findings, treatment, and outcome in a dog after successful resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest (OHCA) induced by pentobarbital intoxication.
CASE SUMMARY
A 10-year-old, male intact Jack Russell Terrier was referred for management of refractory status epilepticus and presented dead on arrival. After 7 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, return of spontaneous circulation was achieved, but the dog remained comatose, apneic, and lacked brainstem reflexes on neurological examination 6 hours following resuscitation. Magnetic resonance imaging showed polioencephalomalacia consistent with prolonged epileptiform activity, and EEG was initially concerning for electrocerebral inactivity. Following supportive care that included short-term mechanical ventilation, the dog made a full recovery and was discharged from the hospital alive 7 days postresuscitation. It was later revealed that the dog had been administered an unknown amount of pentobarbital during transportation, which likely contributed to the OHCA, clinical, and EEG findings.
NEW INFORMATION PROVIDED
This is the first report to describe the full recovery and hospital discharge of a dog suffering OHCA and the first description of EEG findings in a clinical veterinary patient following cardiopulmonary arrest and successful resuscitation. Factors likely contributing to successful patient outcome and potential benefits and limitations of EEG in monitoring postcardiac arrest patients are discussed
Duttaphrynus stomaticus
No full textDuttaphrynus stomaticus (Lütken) (Fig 4C) Specimen examined: one male (WIIAD 651). Morphological characters: Adult male SVL 47.5 mm (n=1); head is wider than long; parotid glands elongated and flat; snout obtuse in lateral view; tympanum prominent, slightly more than half the diameter of eye; skin lacks horny warts, speculated on top and warty on lateral and hind side of body; fore limbs moderate and stout; fingers free of web, relative length of fingers II <IV <I <III; toes scarcely webbed, relative length of toes 1<2<5<3<4, inner metatarsal tubercle with sharp edges. Calling males had single subgular and highly distensible vocal sac. Coloration in life: Dorsum grey to olive brown with mixed grey blotches; upper lips white; upper surface of fore and hind limbs brown with light grey bands; fingertips black; ventral side of body pale white. Vocal sac of calling males was white to yellowish. Bioacoustics: 30 advertisement calls from three males were analysed. Males were calling near the bank of puddles and calls were recorded between 22:30–00:30 hours in July (calling site air temperature was between 26.1°C–29.5°C). Single type pulsatile advertisement calls were delivered in mostly regular intervals. D. stomaticus had notes within call (sub unit of call) and had pulses within notes. This acoustic character was absent in other sympatric Duttaphrynus species found in PTR. The mean call duration was 259.6 ± 41.33 ms (169–351 ms) and mean note duration 25.47 ± 4.49 ms (21–34 ms). Mean pulse rate was 98.88 ± 8.09 pulses/s (83.33–114.16 pulses/s) with mean number of pulses 25.57 ± 4.26 (16–35) per call. The mean dominant frequency was 2571.07 ± 183.11 Hz (2411.70–2885.40 Hz). Remark: Common in PTR landscape. Breeding and egg laying (strings of eggs) were seen in seasonal shallow puddles in agricultural fields in July.Published as part of Prasad, Vishal Kumar, Gautam, Kumudani Bala, Gupta, Sandeep Kumar, Murthy, R. Sreenivasa, Ramesh, K., Shinde, Ajinkya Duttatray & Das, Abhijit, 2020, Identification of anuran species diversity of the Panna Tiger Reserve, Central India, using an integrated approach, pp. 450-476 in Zootaxa 4851 (3) on page 457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/448723
Data-driven models for uncertainty and behavior
No full textThesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2014.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.117Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 173-180).The last decade has seen an explosion in the availability of data. In this thesis, we propose new techniques to leverage these data to tractably model uncertainty and behavior. Specifically, this thesis consists of three parts: In the first part, we propose a novel schema for utilizing data to design uncertainty sets for robust optimization using hypothesis testing. The approach is flexible and widely applicable, and robust optimization problems built from our new data driven sets are computationally tractable, both theoretically and practically. Optimal solutions to these problems enjoy a strong, finite-sample probabilistic guarantee. Computational evidence from classical applications of robust optimization { queuing and portfolio management { confirm that our new data-driven sets significantly outperform traditional robust optimization techniques whenever data is available. In the second part, we examine in detail an application of the above technique to the unit commitment problem. Unit commitment is a large-scale, multistage optimization problem under uncertainty that is critical to power system operations. Using real data from the New England market, we illustrate how our proposed data-driven uncertainty sets can be used to build high-fidelity models of the demand for electricity, and that the resulting large-scale, mixed-integer adaptive optimization problems can be solved efficiently. With respect to this second contribution, we propose new data-driven solution techniques for this class of problems inspired by ideas from machine learning. Extensive historical back-testing confirms that our proposed approach generates high quality solutions that compare with state-of-the-art methods. In the third part, we focus on behavioral modeling. Utility maximization (single agent case) and equilibrium modeling (multi-agent case) are by far the most common behavioral models in operations research. By combining ideas from inverse optimization with the theory of variational inequalities, we develop an efficient, data-driven technique for estimating the primitives of these models. Our approach supports both parametric and nonparametric estimation through kernel learning. We prove that our estimators enjoy a strong generalization guarantee even when the model is misspecified. Finally, we present computational evidence from applications in economics and transportation science illustrating the effectiveness of our approach and its scalability to large-scale instances.by Vishal Gupta.Ph. D
Algorithmic detection of eye contact in driver-pedestrian interactions
No full textPedestrians today are very vulnerable on urban roads. Clear communication between drivers and pedestrians is one way to reduce their plight. Non-verbal communication in particular plays an important role in road safety, and eye contact is a kind of non-verbal communication that has the potential to minimize on-road collisions. However, with the advent of automated vehicles, driver-pedestrian eye contact loses its meaning since there is no longer a driver. It is therefore useful to study and detect eye contact so that the knowledge obtained may be applied to automated vehicles of the future. To this end, the following research goals were adopted: (a) What is eye contact between a pedestrian and a driver in a car? How can eye contact be defined/operationalized using an algorithm?, (b) How accurate is the algorithm that operationalizes eye contact?, and (c) How is it possible to use two eye-trackers with inertial measurement units (IMUs) and pedestrian recognition in a Toyota Prius car to reconstruct the entire driver-pedestrian interaction through a 3-D animation? An indoor experiment, designed to resemble a driver-pedestrian interaction at a pedestrian crossing was conducted with 31 participants. Participants’ (pedestrians’) eyes were tracked using a Tobii Pro Glasses 2 eye-tracker and the researcher’s (driver’s) eyes were tracked using a Smart Eye Pro dx eye-tracker,both of which were synchronized. Participants’ locations were also tracked using a stereo camera equipped with pedestrian detection capabilities. Pedestrians imagined that they were on a real road and performed six types of trialswhere they stood on / crossed from the left / right side curb in front of the stationary vehicle while either making eye contact or not making eye contact with the driver. The order of the trials was randomized, and each trial consisted of 3 repetitions of a driver-pedestrian interaction. If the driver and pedestrian were looking at each other at the same time there was eye contact, otherwise there was no eye contact. Significant differences in the percentages of eye contact between pedestrians standing on the left (median duration of 0.42 s) and the right (median duration of 0.54 s) were found. No significant differences in the percentages of eye contact between pedestrians crossing from the left (median duration of 1.23 s) and the right (median duration of 1.39 s) were found. Eye contact instants within trials were algorithmically detected by finding the angle between the 3-D gaze direction vectors of the driver and the pedestrian, and comparing it to an ‘eye contact threshold’. Trials were classified as either involving eye contact or not involving eye contact based on their percentages of eye contact instants. The classification performance of the algorithm was quantified using two ground truths: (1) Imposed eye contact (in half of the trials, participants were instructed to make eye contact; in the other half, participants were instructed not to make eye contact), and (2) Manually annotated areas of interest (AOIs) from the Tobii Pro Glasses 2 showing pedestrian eye contact seeking. The algorithm’s performance was found to be fair/poor and eye contact could be detected with an accuracy of 15-30°. A 3-D reconstruction of the driver-pedestrian interaction was achieved (in the form of an animation) by using the locations, head orientations and gaze directions of the driver and the pedestrian. This thesis provides objective measurements of driver-pedestrian eye contact and demonstrates how eye contact may be detected and reconstructed for use in automated vehicles of the future.Mechanical Engineerin
Retraction: Coco D, Leanza S. Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC): Toward Zero Error. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2020 May 28; 8(F):52-57. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.3791
Get PDFEditor-in-Chief has retracted the article Coco D, Leanza S. Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC): Toward Zero Error. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2020 May 28; 8(F):52-57. We received a copy of the letter from Dr Vishal Gupta, MS, MCh, FACS and Dr Gaurav Jain sent to Dr Coco. They draw our attention to the fact that this article has taken most of its material from their review article.
We contacted corresponding author and he agreed to retract the published paper. As such, we retract the article from the literature and by guidelines and best editorial practices from the Committee on Publication Ethics. We apologize to our audience about this unfortunate situation
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Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 26 dogs with canine osseous-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy.
Get PDFThe potential link between degenerative changes seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in osseous-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy (OA-CSM) and clinical signs has not been explored. Our goal was to retrospectively evaluate MRI findings, while investigating potential correlations between these changes, signalment, and clinical signs. Twenty-six dogs diagnosed with OA-CSM were included in the study. Clinical signs were converted into a Modified Frankel Score (MFS) and MRI findings were assessed and graded. Giant breeds had multiple compressed sites and presented at a younger age than large breeds, suggesting a different underlying pathophysiology. Spinal cord compression, most commonly bilateral, was present in 36.8% of intervertebral spaces. Synovial fluid loss and articular process sclerosis were the most common degenerative changes. Most dogs showed identical MFS scores, and no significant correlations were found between MFS and MRI changes. More detailed functional scales should be used to investigate this in the future
Perception of challenges in management of neurological cases in the emergency room.
Get PDFOBJECTIVE
To investigate emergency clinicians' comfort level in assessing neurological emergencies and to identify opportunities to foster enhanced training of clinical neurology in the emergency room.
DESIGN
Internet-based survey.
SETTING
University teaching hospitals and private referral centers.
SUBJECTS
One hundred and ninety-two emergency and critical care specialists and resident trainees (ECC) and 104 neurology specialists and resident trainees (NEUR) in clinical practice.
INTERVENTIONS
An internet-based survey was distributed via veterinary professional organizations' listserves and message boards and responses were collected between March and April 2020. ECC completed a survey evaluating stress levels associated with neurological emergencies, confidence with neurological examinations, and neuroanatomical localization. NEUR completed a similar survey to report their perception of their ECC colleagues' confidence in the assessment of neurological cases. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare categorical responses and confidence scores between groups. P < 0.002 was considered significant.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Fifty-two percent of ECC found neurological emergencies slightly challenging, whereas 85% of NEUR found them moderately to extremely challenging for ECC (P 75% of cases.
CONCLUSIONS
Noticeable discrepancies between ECC and NEUR perceptions of ECC clinical confidence were seen, while no firm evidence of neurophobia could be inferred. Improvements in interdepartmental communication and teaching of clinical neurology may be warranted
Impact of Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>on Shale Reservoirs and Its Implication for CO<sub>2</sub>Sequestration
No full textHydraulic fracturing has transformed the international energy landscape by becoming the go-to method for the exploitation of natural gas from unconventional shale reservoirs. However, in the recent years, the search for an alternative method of shale-gas exploration has intensified, because of various problems (e.g., contamination of ground and surface water, overexploitation of precious water resources, air pollution, etc.) associated with the usage of water-based fracturing techniques. The use of CO2 for shale gas exploitation has emerged as a better alternative to aqueous-based gas exploration techniques. CO2 when injected into deep shale reservoirs, transitions into supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) when temperature and pressure condition exceeds the critical point, i.e., 31.1 °C and 7.38 MPa. In this paper, we comprehensively review the impact of SC-CO2 on shale gas reservoirs during the different stages of shale-gas exploration, i.e., (i) drilling, which involves the superiority of SC-CO2 over water-based drilling fluids, in terms of achieving under-balanced well condition, higher rates of penetration, and resistance to formation damage; (ii) fracturing, which involves factors affecting the tortuosity of fractures created by SC-CO2 fracturing, breakdown pressure, and proppant-carrying capacity; and (iii) injection, which involves the twin-headed benefit of enhanced recovery due to CO2/CH4 competitive adsorption and geological sequestration, CO2 vs CH4 excess sorption as a function of pressure, etc. Several research works have indicated discrepancies on how SC-CO2 impacts different shale properties. Some studies show low-pressure N2-gas-adsorption-derived surface area and total pore volume to be increasing with SC-CO2 imbibition, while others show a decreasing trend for the same. Similarly, for some shales, the quartz content, along with the clay mineral contents, decreased as the exposure to SC-CO2 increased, while in some other studies, with similar long-term exposure to SC-CO2, the quartz content was observed to increase along with the decrease in clay content and vice versa. Essentially, the increased exposure to SC-CO2 results in the dissolution of primary porous structures and fractures, and reformation of newer porous structure and conduits in shales. Nonetheless, these changes in the mineralogy weaken the microstructure of the rock bringing significant changes in the mechanical properties of the shales with implications on the wellbore stability and fracturing efficiency. The mechanical properties such as uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Young's modulus, and tensile strength decrease as the SC-CO2 saturation period increases. However, some studies have shown factors like bedding angle and phase-state of CO2 having varying effect on the strength behavior of the shales. Moreover, changes in the structure of shales caused by the creation of fractures and the reduction of their strength can also pose major risks, because of potential leakage of CO2 through these created pathways. How these processes would interact at field scale would control the sealing capacity, especially at field-scale for addressing long-term seepage of CO2. Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Applied Geophysics and Petrophysic
Systematic Pore Characterization of Sub-Bituminous Coal from Sohagpur Coalfield, Central India Using Gas Adsorption Coupled with X-ray Scattering and High-Resolution Imaging
No full textPore characterization helps to estimate the coalbed methane recovery and carbon storage potential of the reservoir. Earlier research on the characteristics of coal pores has shown that coal has high hydrocarbon storage potential in the adsorbed state, but few studies have shown the influence of chemical heterogeneities and depth on the adsorption potential of the coal. With the objective of studying the effect of chemical variation, depth, and surface roughness on gas adsorption potential, this study combines coal composition analysis and adsorption-based pore characterization of coal and shale samples coupled with high-resolution imaging and X-ray scattering measurements. Variation in pore features is correlated with varying depth and composition. A decrease in the mesopore volume and surface area is observed with an increase in the depth and total organic content and inverse behavior is observed for micropores. Scanning electron microscopy images depict the change in the pore shape from semi-spherical OM pores to elongated pores with depth, and samples with high mineral content show a dominance of inter- and intraparticle pores. Fractal dimension values estimated from SAXS are notably higher than N2-LPGA-derived values (i.e.,─DS > DN) due to the incorporation of inaccessible pores, which reflects an increase of up to 62% in SAXS estimated mesopore volume and surface area. This study will provide a better approach to understand the impact of composition, depth, and surface roughness over the gas storage potential in coal reservoirs.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work publicApplied Geophysics and Petrophysic
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