4,927 research outputs found
Reducing the cost of South Australia of achieving agreed salinity targets in the River Murray.
No full textPast irrigation development has lead to rising salt loads in the River Murray and its floodplains, and reduced river flows. Even in the absence of any further development, river and floodplain salt loading as the result of this irrigation is anticipated to grow over the decades. Any new development will bring additional salinity loads and further reduced River flows.Australia;river;salinity
River Murray Dryland Corridor Revegetation Policy Options. Stage 1 Report for the River Murray Dryland Corridor Project.
No full textThe aim of this report is to investigate policy options to encourage cost effective large scale revegetation in the River Murray Corridor that increases biodiversity, wind erosion and salinity benefits in ways that are considered to be equitable by the community.Water;Australia;Rivers;Revegetation;Biodiversity
John Cook
No full text30 p. transcript of an interview with John Cook conducted by Murray Dobbin on September 14, 1976. Tape number IH-362, transcript disc 75.John Cook gives his impressions of Jim Brady and Malcolm Norris. He talks about the effects of welfare on the northern way of life and the government programs in the north.Othern
Lawrence Cook
No full text24 p. transcript of an interview with Lawrence Cook conducted by Murray Dobbin on August 18, 1976. Tape number IH-363, transcript disc 75.Lawrence Cook knew Jim Brady in 1949/50. He talks about the CCF government policies and how the people reacted to them, the Legion, and the various Co-op efforts that were tried in Cumberland. He is the only informant to talk about efforts by Brady to organize a Metis Association in Cumberland in 1949.Othern
Locking in hydro-engineered pathways: the lower river Murray, Australia, 1880–1940
No full textLocated downstream from substantial irrigation extraction at the “end” of the Murray–Darling River system, South Australia (SA) struggles to maintain flows and the health of the rivers within its borders. Analysis of early twentieth century engineering reports reveals that this problem is not new, beginning in the 1880s with the growth of irrigation in Australia and the riparian demands of the eastern, upstream states. I use the theory of path dependency to analyse the history of the Murray–Darling Basin from a South Australian perspective to argue that the state’s current water issues stem from cultural, institutional, and technological lock-ins shaped by its geo-political position that made it vulnerable to upstream demands for water. As SA’s negotiations for a larger water allocation failed, it turned to construction of an enviro-technical network of weirs, locks and barrages designed to assist navigation, regulate the river’s flow, keep water fresh for landholders and towns, prevent the ingress of salty sea water, and mitigate the consequences of upstream irrigation. With construction of each component the state’s hydro-engineering scheme engineers warned that with increasing extraction these strategies would only buy time and bigger-scale structures would be essential in the future to alleviate accelerating problems. Within decades SA experienced the foretold problems of diminishing flows, increasing salinity, environmental degradation and declining water quality, problems that continue and with climate change are likely to grow worse. Only a fundamental shift in cultural, institutional, and technological lock-ins can change a future trajectory that could improve the health of the river.Full Tex
Wounded Country: The Murray-Darling Basin: A Contested History (Book review)
No full textThe Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) traverses the lands of forty Aboriginal nations, all four eastern Australian states and an area larger than France. It is managed by state and federal legislation, home to almost three million people and produces two-fifths of the nation’s food valued at A$24 billion. What unites Wounded Country and Sold Down the River is a damning critique of the failure of public policy to protect the MDB.Full Tex
Letter from Murray, Jacob H.; Murray, Sarah A. to Oblinger, Uriah W.
No full textLetter from Murray, Jacob H.; Murray, Sarah A. (Sarah Ann Oblinger), 1839-1872 to Oblinger, Uriah W. (Uriah Wesley), 1842-190
Field trial and modelling of different strategies for remediation of soil salinity and sodicity in the Lower Murray irrigation areas
No full text
Rising saline groundwatertables and drought in the Lower Murray Reclaimed Irrigation Area (LMRIA) has created soil salinity and sodicity conditions, which has resulted in a decline in agricultural production. A 2 month field experiment was conducted at Mobilong irrigation area using a randomised block design with trial plots (4m2) in each of the three blocks containing the following six treatments: (1) control (not irrigated), (2) irrigation (River Murray water) only, (3) gypsum application (1.5 kg/m2) and irrigation, (4) limestone application (1.5 kg/m2) and irrigation, (5) seawater (source of dissolved Ca2+) application (100mm depth) and irrigation and (6) acid (pH 3) drainage (to dissolve CaCO3 in soil to release Ca2+) application (100mm irrigation water depth) and irrigation. Soil electrical conductivity (EC), pH, exchangeable cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and saturated hydraulic conductivity were measured. The decrease in EC was greatest in the irrigation only treatment followed by the gypsum and limestone treatments. At the end of the trial, the EC in the irrigation only treatment was about one-quarter of the control, in which the EC increased. The seawater and acid drainage treatments reduced the soil EC relative to the control but the EC was 2–3dS/m higher than the irrigation, gypsum and limestone treatments at the end of the trial. The gypsum, irrigation only and limestone treatments approximately doubled the exchangeable Ca relative to the control and exchangeable Na was reduced. Unsaturated water and solute transport model (HYDRUS-UNSATCHEM) simulations were able to represent the general trends in the field results. The results suggest that only River Murray water irrigation and drainage could be effective for the management of soil salinity and sodicity in the LMRIA but further research is required to establish the threshold electrolyte concentration to prevent soil dispersion.
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Ian G. Cook et Geoffrey Murray, China's Third Revolution. Tensions in the Transition to Post-Communism
No full textRocca Jean-Louis. Ian G. Cook et Geoffrey Murray, China's Third Revolution. Tensions in the Transition to Post-Communism. In: Perspectives chinoises, n°68, 2001. p. 69
Aboriginal serrated and perforated shell artefacts from the Murray River, South Australia
No full textThis article describes three freshwater mussel shell artefacts recently documented for the Murray River in South Australia. These finds more than double the known examples of such artefacts from this region. Two of the modified shells are perforated, with the other serrated. The finely serrated item is a rare artefact and we have not located any similar published examples in Australia, although international correlates exist. The function/s and cultural significance of the objects are also considered in this paper. Hypotheses for the perforated finds include ornamentation, tool stringing and fibre scraping. Ornamentation, idle tinkering and food utensil use are considered as possible intended functions for the serrated artefact. Given the age range of the objects reported here (c. 6181–517 cal BP), together with other finds in the Murray Darling Basin, we tentatively suggest that shells have been a material resource used continually in this region for a range of purposes. However, as argued by other researchers, we concur that there has probably been infrequent identification and reporting of such shell artefacts. This is considered particularly likely given that our finds were recovered from relatively small scale excavation/coring and surface sampling efforts. As such, this paper attempts to raise awareness of this form of material culture in archaeological sequences.
Cet article décrittrois artefacts fabriqués à partir de coquilles de moules d’eau douce dont on a récemment rapporté l’existence pour le fleuve Murray en Australie du sud. Grâce à cette découverte, le nombre d’exemplaires connus de ce type d’objet trouvés dans cette région a été plus que multiplié par deux. Deux des coquilles sont perforées et la troisième est dentelée. Cette dernière est un objet rare et nous n’avons pas identifié de spécimen similaire en Australie, bien qu’on trouve des exemplaires analogues et bien connus hors d’Australie. La fonction et la signification culturelle de ces objets est aussi analysée dans cet article. Pour ce qui est des coquilles perforées, on suppose qu’elles avaient une fonction d’ornementation, qu’elles étaient utilisées pour le cordage d’outils et le grattage/lissage des fibres. Pour ce qui est de l’artefact dentelé, il a pu être utilisé pour l’ornementation, comme outil de bricolage et ustensile de cuisine. La datation des objets dont il est question ici (6181–517 avant aujourdhui) et d’autres découvertes faites dans le bassin Murray-Darling, nous amènent à penser que peut-être ces coquilles ont constitué un matériau utilisé de manière récurrente dans cette région pour une large variété d’usages. Cependant, et comme l’ont noté d’autres chercheurs, nous pensons qu’elles ont été peu fréquemment identifiées et enregistrées. Ceci est très probable, car c’est lors de la collecte d’échantillons en surface et après excavation/carottage à petite échelle que nous les avons découvertes. Pour cette raison, cet article vise à mieux faire connaître cette forme de culture matérielle dans des séquences archéologiques
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