1,335 research outputs found
Life of St. Declan of Ardmore,
No full text"The life [of St. Declan] herewith presented was copied in 1629 by Brother Michael O'Clery ... from an older ms. of Eochy O'Heffernan's dated 1582 ... Apparently O'Clery did more than transcribe; he reedited, as was his wont, into the literary Irish of his day ... The "Life [of St. Mochuda or Carthach] ... is in its present form a comparatively late production; it was transcribed by [John] Murphy between 1740 and 1750".--Introd.Mode of access: Internet
Single–dose methylphenidate induces shift in functional connectivity associated with positive longer term clinical response in adult attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Full text linkStimulants, such as methylphenidate (MPH), are beneficial for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but individual response varies. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underpinning response is needed. Previous studies suggest that a single MPH dose modulates resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fc). We investigated whether single-dose induced rs-fc changes were associated with post-dose optimization clinical response. Fifty-six adults with ADHD underwent rs-functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) under placebo and a single MPH dose, before starting MPH treatment. Clinical response was measured at two months. We tested if a single MPH dose (vs. placebo) shifted rs-fc; how these shifts were associated with treatment response (categorical approach); and whether these associations were driven by improvement on either ADHD symptom domain. A single MPH dose (vs. placebo) increased rs-fc in three subcortical-cortical and cerebellar-cortical clusters. Enhanced rs-fc between the cerebellar vermis (lobule 6) and the left precentral gyrus was associated with a greater probability of responding to treatment (χ2(7) = 22.740, p = .002) and with an improvement on both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms (both p ≤ .001). We provide proof-of-concept that the brain functional response to a single MPH dose, administered before starting routine treatment, is indicative of two-month clinical response in adult ADHD. This may encourage future replication using clinically applicable measures.<br/
“I Will Rise Again”: The Life and Legacy of the U.S.S. Monitor
Full text linkAbout the author:
Declan Riley Kunkel is an award winning writer, author, and consultant. Originally from Fort Worth, Texas, Declan writes about history, politics, and philosophy. He is pursing a degree in history at Yale
From neurons to brain networks, pharmacodynamics of stimulant medication for ADHD
No full textStimulants represent the first line pharmacological treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and are among the most prescribed psychopharmacological treatments. Their mechanism of action at synaptic level has been extensively studied. However, it is less clear how their mechanism of action determines clinically observed benefits. To help bridge this gap, we provide a comprehensive review of stimulant effects, with an emphasis on nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. There is evidence that stimulant-induced modulation of dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmission optimizes engagement of task-related brain networks, increases perceived saliency, and reduces interference from the default mode network. An acute administration of stimulants may reduce brain alterations observed in untreated individuals in fronto-striato-parieto-cerebellar networks during tasks or at rest. Potential effects of prolonged treatment remain controversial. Overall, neuroimaging has fostered understanding on stimulant mechanism of action. However, studies are often limited by small samples, short or no follow-up, and methodological heterogeneity. Future studies should address age-related and longer-term effects, potential differences among stimulants, and predictors of treatment response
Association between single dose and longer-term clinical response to stimulants in ADHD: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.: Single dose and long-term ADHD treatment response
No full textObjectives: stimulants, such as methylphenidate (MPH) and amphetamines, represent the first-line pharmacological option for Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated beneficial effects at a group level but could not identify characteristics consistently associated with varying individual response. Thus, more individualized approaches are needed. Experimental studies have suggested that the neurobiological response to a single dose is indicative of longer-term response. It is unclear whether this also applies to clinical measures. Methods: we carried out a systematic review of RCTs testing the association between the clinical response to a single dose of stimulants and longer-term improvement. Potentially suitable single-dose RCTs were identified from the MED-ADHD dataset, the European ADHD Guidelines Group (EAGG) RCT Dataset (https://med-adhd.org/), as updated on the 01/02/2024. Quality assessment was carried out using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) 2.0 tool.Results: 63 single-dose RCTs (94% testing MPH, 85% in children) were identified. Among these, only one RCT tested the association between acute and longer-term clinical response. This showed that the clinical improvement after a single dose of MPH was significantly associated with symptom improvement after four-week MPH treatment in 46 children (89% males) with ADHD. The risk of bias was rated as moderate. A further RCT used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), thus did not meet inclusion criteria, and reported an association between brain changes under a single dose and longer-term clinical response in 22 children (82% males) with ADHD. The remaining RCTs only reported single dose effects on neuropsychological, neuroimaging or neurophysiological measures. Conclusion: this systematic review highlighted an important gap in the current knowledge. Investigating how acute and long-term response may be related can foster our understanding of stimulant mechanism of action and help develop stratification approaches for more tailored treatment strategies. Future studies need to investigate potential age and sex-related differences. <br/
sj-docx-3-aut-10.1177_13623613211060593 – Supplemental material for Social attention in anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorder: Role of social motivation
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-3-aut-10.1177_13623613211060593 for Social attention in anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorder: Role of social motivation by Jess Kerr-Gaffney, Emily Jones, Luke Mason, Hannah Hayward, Declan Murphy, Eva Loth and Kate Tchanturia in Autism</p
A comparison of patient reported outcome measures in patients who received both DIEP flap and PAP flap breast reconstructions
No full textn/
sj-docx-1-aut-10.1177_13623613211060593 – Supplemental material for Social attention in anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorder: Role of social motivation
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-aut-10.1177_13623613211060593 for Social attention in anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorder: Role of social motivation by Jess Kerr-Gaffney, Emily Jones, Luke Mason, Hannah Hayward, Declan Murphy, Eva Loth and Kate Tchanturia in Autism</p
- …
