275 research outputs found
METODOLOGI PENULISAN SYEKH ‘ABD AL-HAY AL-LAKNAWI DALAM KITAB ZAFAR AL-AMANI
No full textThroughout the history of the tradition of Islamic studies, there have been various works of ‘ulum al-hadith that have been produced by hadith scholars. These works differ in their writing methodology from one work to another. To understand the differences, a study of each work and the background of the author is very necessary to be conducted to reveal and explain it. Thus, this study aims to introduce one of the figures in the discipline of ‘ulum al-hadith named Sheikh ‘Abd al-Hay al-Laknawi (d. 1304H) with a focus on one of his monumental works, namely Zafar al-Amani fi Sharh Mukhtasar al-Jurjani. This qualitative study uses content analysis methods to identify and comprehensively describe the methodology of al-Laknawi's writing in the work. From the results of the study it can be concluded that the methodology of writing al-Laknawi is seen as quite systematic and loaded with scientific discussions on issues that are quite complex in the science of hadith such as the issue of hadith hasan, the problem of doing good deeds with weak hadith, the issue of hadith mursal, issues munkar hadith and so on, along with his interpretation of the various views of the scholars presented. According to the research, this book of Zafar al-Amani is quite worthy to be placed in line with the great works of the discipline of ‘ulum al-hadith which should be studied and used as a reference by scholars and students.  
The impact of the strong euro on the real effective exchange rates of the two Francophone African CFA Zones
No full textThe author estimates the degree of misalignment of the CFA franc since the introduction of the euro in 1999. Using a relative purchasing power parity-based methodology, he develops a monthly panel time series dataset for both the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) zone and the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA) zone to compute a trade-weighted real effective exchange rate indexed series from January 1999 to December 2004. The author's main finding is that the real effective exchange rate appreciated by close to 8 percent in UEMOA and 7 percent in CEMAC, influenced by volatility in the euro-dollar bilateral exchange rate and conservative monetary policies in the two zones, resulting in a partial loss of competitiveness in export markets. The lower appreciation in Central Africa can be explained by lower inflation in CEMAC than in UEMOA and by the greater trade with higher inflation East Asian countries, partially offset by the peg to the dollar. However, the inclusion of"unrecorded trade"results in an appreciation of only 6 percent in the UEMOA zone and 6 percent in the CEMAC zone due to higher inflation in the two countries with unmonitored cross-border flows, Ghana and Nigeria. Using time series econometrics, an Engle-Granger two stage procedure for cointegration, and an error correction framework, a single equation modeling of the real exchange rate from 1970 to 2005 as a function of terms of trade, economic openness, aid inflows, and a dummy representing the 1994 devaluation, the author finds little statistical evidence of a long-run equilibrium exchange rate that is a vector of economic fundamentals. The dummy explains most of the real exchange rate behavior in the two zones, while openness in UEMOA has contributed to an appreciation of the real effective exchange rate.Economic Stabilization,Economic Theory&Research,Macroeconomic Management,Fiscal&Monetary Policy,Free Trade
Structural adjustment, economic performance, and aid dependency in Tanzania
No full textTanzania embarked on a structural adjustment program in 1986 after a decade of protracted economic decline. Its program was supported by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank and was accompanied by a substantial increase in foreign assistance. After seven years of adjustment the environment for higher economic growth has improved, but the results are only partially encouraging: economic growth has only slightly exceeded population growth, and officially measured domestic savings have deteriorated. Meanwhile, Tanzania's dependency on foreign assistance has increased, reflected in a deterioration of the current account of the balance of payments. This has led to an increasingly heated debate about whether real adjustment is in fact taking place in Tanzania, or whether foreign aid has served to postpone adjustment instead of supporting it. The authors shed light on the relationship between adjustment and aid dependency on the basis of Tanzania's experience. Tanzania's weak database is adjusted in several respects to correct for the most glaring deficiencies in it. After adjustment of the database, Tanzania's performance is compared in the period 1981-85, prior to when reforms were launched, with that in the period 1986-90, which followed the launch of the Economic Recovery Program in 1986. To put the Tanzanian experience in context, its performance is also compared with that of four sub-Saharan African countries - Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, and Uganda - which embarked on similar reform programs during the 1980s. The adjustment of the macroeconomic data shows that, contrary to traditional interpretation, Tanzania's increased dependency of foreign assistance did not lead to a deterioration in domestic savings performance. Most of the foreign assistance was used for investment rather than for consumption. But the principal difference between Tanzania and the four sub-Saharan African countries sampled was the efficiency with which the foreign assistance was used. Using a measure of macroeconomic return on investment, the comparison shows that Tanzania is getting very little return on domestic investment even after the introduction of structural reforms. There are several reasons for this, including the dominance of the Tanzania economy by a large and highly inefficient parastatal sector. If Tanzania is to generate the accelerated growth that it so urgently needs, one of the key areas of policy reform needs to be the increase in productivity of domestic investment.ICT Policy and Strategies,Economic Theory&Research,Achieving Shared Growth,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Stabilization
Zafar-namah (Book of Victory)
No full textpage, Tamerlane leading the assault of the castle of the knights of the Hospitallers of Saint John at Smyrn
KIN global 2014 change at scale: Leading through transformation in the Islamic world
No full textRahilla Zafar, co-author of Arab Women Rising; Dr Jonathan A.J. Wilson, of the University of Greenwich; and Muhammed Mekki, founding partner of AstroLabs in Dubai join Peter Bryant, partner at Clareo, to discuss how to forge ahead, innovate, start and grow businesses in the rapidly changing Muslim world.
Approximate speaking times for Dr Wilson: 13:45-24:25 & 31:00-35:2
Retraction note: Assessment of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) Induced Hepatotoxicity and Ameliorative Effects of <em>Cinnamomum cassia</em> in Sprague-Dawley Rats (<em>Biological Trace Element Research</em>, (2018), 182, 1, (57-69), 10.1007/s12011-017-1074-3)
No full text\ua9 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.The Editors-in-Chief have retracted this article after concerns were raised about data presented in Tables 2, 4, and 5 and error bars in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 12, 13, 14, and 15. The authors failed to provide raw data and evidence of ethical approval. The Editors-in-Chief therefore have lost confidence in the data presented in this article. Authors, Muhammad Shakeel, Farhat Jabeen, and Sadia Zafar do not agree to this retraction. Authors, Rehana Iqbal, Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry, Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Saleem Khan, Adeel Khalid, Samina Shabbir, and Muhammad Saleem Asghar have not responded to any correspondence from the editor/publisher about this retraction
Revenue and the fiscal impact of liberalization : the case of Niger
No full textUsing data collected during several missions, the author finds that the principal reasons for low revenue mobilization are (1) the adverse fiscal impact of trade liberalization, (2) the defiscalization of agriculture in the 1970s, (3) the collapse of the uranium boom in the 1980s, and (4) the poor record of the VAT in mobilizing revenue. The large reduction in tariffs during the 1980s and 1990s in the context of structural adjustment programs and West African regional integration initiatives had adverse effects on trade tax revenue during the period 1980–2003. But higher import levels after 1994 succeeded in partially mitigating the revenue losses. The experience of Niger shows that without accompanying macroeconomic policies, parallel improvements in tax and customs administration, and success in mobilizing domestic taxes, most notably the VAT, trade reform can have adverse fiscal consequences. Using a SMART model partial equilibrium analysis developed by UNCTAD for researchers and negotiators at multilateral trade rounds, the author simulated three different tariff shocks to test the fiscal and trade implications of additional trade liberalization in Niger. First, the preferred tariff regime in terms of overall fiscal and job creation impact was the harmonized Swiss formula in contrast to a 10 and 15 percent uniform tariff. Second, a possible Regional Economic Partnership Agreement (REPA) between the European Union and l'Union Economique et Monetaire Ouest-Africaine (UEMOA) by 2015 that would abolish duties on EU imports to the UEMOA countries would have negative fiscal effects on Niger of more than 1 percent of GDP, positive effects on trade creation of about 1.5 percent of GDP, and ambiguous effects on local industry. While there will be some welfare gains for consumers and importers from lower import tariffs and the possibility of trade creation, the fiscal losses and adjustment costs would be significant, particularly in the machinery and transport sectors. Third, there are asymmetric gains and losses from regional integration and tariff changes, and a 10 percent uniform tariff would have the greatest impact on Benin and Senegal and some impact on Niger and Togo. In sum, further trade liberalization in Niger will have significant fiscal costs, partially offset by trade creation through increased imports.Public Sector Economics&Finance,Economic Theory&Research,Trade Policy,Environmental Economics&Policies,Export Competitiveness,Trade and Regional Integration
Interfacial electron transfer of perylenes: Influence of the anchor binding mode
No full textThis article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Han Yan, Ryan Harmer, Binish Zafar, Elena Galoppini, Lars Gundlach; Interfacial electron transfer of perylenes: Influence of the anchor binding mode. J. Chem. Phys. 21 January 2024; 160 (3): 034706. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0185342 and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0185342. © 2024 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing. This article will be embargoed until 01/21/2025.Interfacial electron transfer (IET) through saturated single-linker and dual-linker groups from a perylene chromophore into nanostructured TiO2 films was studied by ultrafast spectroscopy. Perylene chromophores with one and two propanoic acid linker groups in the peri and ortho positions were investigated. In comparison to previously studied perylenes bound via unsaturated acrylic acid linkers, the chromophores with saturated linkers showed bi-exponential IET dynamics. Two distinct transfer times were observed that indicate the presence of two concurrent binding modes. A comparison between ortho- and peri-substituted sensitizers resulted in slower IET dynamics and weaker electronic coupling for ortho substitution. Finally, IET from sensitizers with saturated linker groups is neither promoted nor hindered by a second linker group. This indicates that only one of the two linkers binds covalently to the surface. This study reveals the importance of the anchor-binding mode and design considerations of the linker for regulating IET.The authors acknowledge the financial support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Solar Energy Research, under Awards No. DE-FG02-01ER15256 (E. Galoppini) and DESC0016288 (L. Gundlach). Spectral characterization of the compounds carried out at Rutgers Newark was collected on instrumentation funded by the National Science Foundation (Award No. MRI-1726345)
- …
