57 research outputs found
The "Philomena" of John Bradmore and its Middle English derivative : a perspective on surgery in Late Medieval England
No full textThis thesis is a study of two related surgical texts produced in England in the fifteenth
century. The Latin treatise entitled Philomena, British Library MS. Sloane 2272, was
compiled by a London surgeon, John Bradmore, who died in 1412. British Library MS.
Harley 1736 contains a Middle English version of part of Bradmore's treatise on ff.2-167.
The relationship of the texts is discussed in the Introduction. Bradmore's authorship of
the Latin text is established, and the mistaken attribution of the Middle English text, to
surgeon Thomas Morstede, is refuted. Details of Bradmore's life, status, wealth, and
associates, are given in Chapter 1.
Chapters 2-3 concentrate on the form of Bradmore's Latin text, and his intentions and
methods as its compiler. The manuscript is described, and is shown to be Bradmore's
holograph. Many of the earlier authorities used by Bradmore as sources are identified,
and his adaptation of them discussed. Chapter 4 gives a detailed study of cases
Bradmore describes, drawn from his own experience, and attempts to show the rational
basis for his treatments. These cases, though few in number, demonstrate the wide
social range of Bradmore's patients, and the variety of conditions treated, with techniques
and applications sometimes of Bradmore's own devising.
Chapters 5-6 describe the Middle English version of Bradmore's work, and show that it
is an adaptation as much as a translation of the Latin text. The intentions of the author
are considered in order to assess his selectivity and to understand how the nature of his
text differs from that of the Latin original.
Bradmore's Latin text and its Middle English derivative offer a fascinating insight into
the practice of surgery in the fifteenth century. Furthermore, the existence of Philomena
in Bradmore's holograph provides a unique opportunity to see a compiler at work on his
text
Philomena de Chretien de Troyes: Métamorphose d’une métamorphose au temps du roman
No full textCette œuvre de Chrétien de Troyes a souvent été lue, étudiée, au sein de L’Ovide moralisé (XIVe siècle) où elle a été découverte mais qui est postérieur à l’écriture de Philomena (fin XIIe siècle). Il s’agit donc de la replacer dans son contexte d’écriture: l’avènement du roman, genre nouveau utilisant une langue d’écriture nouvelle. Philomena est ainsi d’abord l’histoire d’une métamorphose linguistique, le latin jusqu’alors utilisé à l’écrit cédant la place à la langue romane. Il s’agit également de replacer Philomena dans l’œuvre de Chrétien de Troyes, en montrant qu’elle contient en germe les principaux thèmes et questionnements des œuvres de Chrétien. Philomena est aussi l’histoire d’une métamorphose culturelle dans la mesure où l’auteur réécrit le mythe comme un contre-modèle de la courtoisie. Pour envisager Philomena comme un moment essentiel sur le plan linguistique et culturel, nous nous appuierons d’abord sur le traitement du temps, très différent chez Chrétien de Troyes.This work of Chrétien de Troyes has often been read, studied, within l'Ovide moralisé (fourteenth century), where it has been discovered, but which is posterior to its writing (late twelfth century). We therefore have to place this work in context: the advent of roman, new kind of genre using a new kind of writing language. Thus Philomena is primarily the story of a linguistic metamorphosis. Latin previously used in written works, is giving way to the Romance language. We also have to place Philomena among the other pieces of the work of Chrétien de Troyes, showing in particular it contains the germ of the main themes and questions of Chrétien's works. Philomena is also the story of a cultural metamorphosis since the author has rewritten this myth as a cons-model of courtesy. To consider Philomena as an essential moment in terms of language and culture, we will rely primarily on the handling of the time, really different in this work of Chrétien de Troyes
Technologies for tracking genome variations in duckweed and other species
No full textNear-term and future increases in global population overburden our energy resources as we seek solutions to unstable foreign petroleum pricing and its associated problems with climate change and ecological biosphere integrity. Renewable and sustainable biofuels have the potential to replace existing transportation fuels and dampen their related problems.
Small but versatile, duckweed is an aquatic plant that can be used in a variety of applications such as biofuels, animal feed, and wastewater remediation. This dissertation addresses the need for quick and reliable typing of duckweed species and lower taxonomic levels. First, a sequence database for two plastidic barcodes, atpF-atpH and psbK-psbI was created representing all 37 known duckweed species. Using a BLAST-based protocol, our approach can distinguish 30 out of the 37 species. To distinguish clones of the duckweed species Spirodela polyrhiza, a bioinformatics pipeline was developed that identifies hyperpolymorphic regions of the NB-LRR-based plant disease resistance protein-encoding genes, which can be used as genotyping markers. We demonstrate that a combination of seven hyperpolymorphic regions from six loci using fragment analysis and Sanger sequencing post-PCR can distinguish 20 out of the 23 S. polyrhiza clones tested. A subset of these markers can be used to clearly separate S. polyrhiza clones from the closely related S. intermedia. Finally, our bioinformatics pipeline was applied to Arabidopsis thaliana to locate NB-LRR markers that can computationally distinguish all 1,135 A. thaliana accessions, and to validate the efficacy of the pipeline at identifying hyperpolymorphic genic regions. This novel method can be used to track accessions for a species of interest using polymorphisms from sequenced genomes, in addition to assisting a better understanding of the differential frequency of mutations across the genome.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Philomena N. Ch
Presence of Absence: Black Children and Erased Histories of Abuse in Ireland’s Institutional Record
No full textThis article examines the erasure of Black children from public discourse on 20th-century Irish institutional abuse, situating their exclusion within a racial logic that marked them as morally and biologically other. It interrogates the epistemic and testimonial injustices embedded within Ireland’s historical and contemporary treatment of Black children, with particular focus on the 2021 Mother and Baby Homes Commission. It critiques the reliance on institutional records over survivor testimonies, revealing how these children’s racialisation intersected with gender and class to marginalise them within both care institutions and national memory. By employing an intersectional and feminist framework, it explores the implications of these omissions for transitional justice and human rights accountability, calling for the inclusion of racialised narratives in Ireland’s reckoning with its institutional past. This study advances a critical understanding of racial injustice within Ireland’s care system, advocating for reparatory justice and the centring of Black survivors’ voices in processes of historical redress and collective memory formation
On the Concept of Intellectual Property: Challenging the prevailing premise of architectural authorship
No full textAmong many other aspects, digitalisation and an increasingly globalised collaborative society are challenging the outdated premise of the solitary architect as an authoritarian genius and thus the author of his work. Several theorists and architectural scholars have consistently discussed the issue of authorship (in architecture), as this question addresses a fundamental question to the essence of and engagement in the discipline. As both the artistic and the scientific inherent notions of the profession attribute different functions to the user, architecture appears as a hybrid, mediating intellectual property of the thought, ownership of the product and collective property through engagement. The interpretative dependency of each component’s implication on the notion of authorship is sequentially explored in its linear allocation. Essentially, the whole discourse pivots on the chicken-and-egg argument, for the existence of an author implies per se the emergence of a previously non-existent idea. Establishing a collaborative essence of thinking and a separation of the profession's scope from the entitlement to the built product can result in both the service group’s economic stability and the preservation of cultural production.AR2AT031: Architecture Theory ThesisArchitecture, Urbanism and Building Science
Il "Roman de Philomena" in lingua d'oc: introduzione, revisione del testo critico e traduzione italiana
No full textIl presente lavoro ha in oggetto la realizzazione di una nuova edizione critica del Roman de Philomena, prosa occitana del XIV secolo.
Il primo paragrafo dell’Introduzione intende definire la tipologia narrativa dell’opera: essa si configura prima di tutto come una fundatio, ovvero una storia di fondazione di una comunità monastica, ma non mancano forti influenze dell’epica, dell’agiografia, della cronaca storica e persino del romanzo cortese.. Dopo aver illustrato sintenticamente il contenuto dell’opera, si passa all’esposizone dei problemi legati alla lingua e all’autorialità del testo. Il Roman de Philomena è infatti la traduzione delle Gesta Karoli Magni ad Carcassonam et Narbonam. Tuttavia a lungo si è ipotizzato il contrario. A questa discussione è legata anche quella che riguarda l’autore dell’opera, poiché nel solo testo latino sono presenti un paragrafo introduttivo e uno conclusivo in cui il presunto autore, Guglielmus Paduanus, parla in prima persona. A ciò si legano anche importanti considerazioni sulla datazione. In particolare, viene citato nei suddetti paragrafi l’abate Bernardo, colui che avrebbe commissionato l’opera al monaco padovano. Risalire all’identità del committente, dunque, risulta fondamentale per poter risalire al periodo di composizione dell’opera. L’ultimo paragrafo è dedicato alle fonti, documentarie e non, che è possibile scorgere all’interno dell’opera.
La seconda parte del lavoro è riservato agli aspetti codicologici e filologici dell’edizione. In un primo paragrafo si analizzano i manoscritti latori del testo, due in occitano e otto in latino, e per ogni codice si offre la descrizione esterna ed interna, la collocazione dell’opera all’interno del manoscritto nel caso di codici miscellanei, la bibliografia degli studi relativi al codice e una breve descrizione degli eventuali descripti. Successivamente, si indagano i rapporti esistenti tra i manoscritti, rilevanti non tanto e non solo per le ipotesi di derivazione dal latino all’occitano, ma anche perché per la prima volta si tiene conto di tutta la tradizione dell’opera.
Il terzo capitolo comprende l’edizone critica del testo. Sulla scorta di Schneegans 1898, il testo critico occitano è presentato in versione sinottica col testo latino edito da Heitzmann 1999. La traduzione in italiano, presentata qui per la prima volta, sarà dedicata non solo al testo occitano ma comprenderà, anche questo in maniera inedita, la traduzione dei due paragrafi assenti nella versione provenzale,
La tavola dei nomi propri e dei luoghi citati viene incontro alla necessità di segnalare e orga- nizzare i più rilevanti tra ii numerosi lemmi ascrivibili rispettivamente all’uno o all’altro gruppo. Il glossario è imbastito sulla base delle occorrenze più importanti riscontrate all’interno del testo, con particolare attenzione ai termini afferenti al lessico tecnico e agli hapax. La bibliografia tiene conto di tutti gli strumenti bibliografici ciatati nel corso dello studio.The present work is concerned with the production of a new critical edition of the Roman de Philomena, a 14th-century Occitan prose.
The first paragraph of the Introduction intends to define the narrative typology of the work: it is configured first and foremost as a fundatio, i.e. a story of the foundation of a monastic community, but strong influences from epic, hagiography, historical chronicle and even the courtly novel are not lacking. After briefly illustrating the content of the work, we move on to the exposition of the problems related to the language and authorship of the text. The "Roman de Philomena" is in fact a translation of the "Gesta Karoli Magni ad Carcassonam et Narbonam". However, the opposite has long been assumed. Also linked to this discussion is that concerning the author of the work, since the Latin text alone contains an introductory and concluding paragraph in which the alleged author, Guglielmus Paduanus, speaks in the first person. This is also linked to important datation considerations. In particular, Abbot Bernard, who is said to have commissioned the work, is mentioned in the first paragraph. Tracing the identity of the commissioner, therefore, is fundamental in order to trace the period of composition of the work. The last paragraph is dedicated to the sources, documentary and otherwise, that can be discerned within the work.
The second part of the work is reserved for the codicological and philological aspects of the edition. The first section analyses the manuscripts that bear the text, two in Occitan and eight in Latin, and for each codex offers an external and internal description, the location of the work within the manuscript in the case of miscellaneous codices, the bibliography of studies related to the codex and a brief description of any "descriptus". Subsequently, the relationships existing between the manuscripts are investigated, relevant not only for the hypothesis of derivation from Latin to Occitan, but also because for the first time the entire tradition of the work is taken into account.
The third chapter includes the critical edition of the text. Following Schneegans 1898, the critical Occitan text is presented in a synoptic version with the Latin text edited by Heitzmann 1999. The Italian translation, presented here for the first time, will not only be devoted to the Occitan text but will also include, also in an unprecedented manner, the translation of the two paragraphs absent in the Provençal version.
The table of proper names and places mentioned meets the need to indicate and organise the most relevant of the numerous headwords that can be ascribed to one or the other group respectively. The glossary is compiled on the basis of the most important occurrences found within the text, with particular attention to terms pertaining to the technical lexicon and "hapax". The bibliography takes into account all the bibliographical tools cited in the course of the study
a home in the city: testing street dwelling as an alternative in Munich's housing crisis
No full textChallenging a predominant focus in academia on studying societal and spatial challenges primarily in the Global South or non-Western environments, this project investigates the urban fabric and hidden socio-political mechanisms of precarity in the city of Munich, Germany. Houselessness appears as the manifestation of a global housing crisis and is with its implications exclusive to the neoliberal city. Within the context of housing distribution and provision, the neoliberal housing market's association of performance with ownership implies a necessary exclusion based on financial capacity. Accepting that the scope of this reality lies outside of the discipline of architecture, shifted the focus on an analysis of the city through the lens of the guiding motif of urban displacement. The aim was to find out how the city defines spaces for public use, what mechanisms are at work in terms of inclusion and exclusion of certain groups of people, and which spaces are essential - but missing. The visibly precarious conditions of public living imply that public space is not a place meant for all functions. Theories on human motivation suggest that basic human needs are not linked to spaces per se but to an action rendered possible by the protective frame of the built environment. Thus, the project explores the potential outcomes of reimagining domestic patterns outside the confines of conventional residential units. Through ethnographic fieldwork paired with experiments on filmmaking as an architectural method of analysis, a human-centred design evolved that aims at transforming "street dwelling" into a tangible and viable alternative to conventional urban living. The design endeavours to embed a system for both residential and commercial use within the existing urban reality of Munich. Building on current and necessary transformation processes of the urban fabric, the redevelopment of an exemplary streetscape of the Baaderstraße in Munich houses different acts and scales of appropriation in a design frame that works at various temporalities. The first and most permanent intervention docks on the cities' above- and below-ground infrastructure. On top of it, units are placed that in their design adapt in shape, size, and functions to the local ground-floor conditions. Different lifetimes are included in the temporalities of the site by designing the initial unit for a possible future disassembly. The modularity of the prefabricated wooden construction and sanitary units also allow for a possible scalability to other streets.Highlighting a necessary shift of the role of the architect to a mediator between the user and the corporate client, the project presents a compromise at the intersection of realism and utopia, offering new dimensions to concepts of urban, communal, and private notions of comfort and emphasizing the importance of inclusive spaces and innovative approaches to address the housing crisis in Western cities.Architecture, Urbanism and Building Science
Induction - Benefits for the Employer and the Employee.
No full textThe focus of this dissertation is to examine the employee induction process in detail i.e. what it incorporates and the benefits such a policy can have for both the employer and the employee.
The author also sought to achieve the following specific objectives:
- To identify the structure and content of an induction programme.
- To identify the relationship between induction training and staff turnover.
- To determine who has responsibility for an induction programme and the role of senior management.
- To highlight any improvements in the induction process which may be necessary.
- To examine the link between motivation and induction.
The research method used is (a) survey questionnaire with 63 Bear Steams, Dublin employees (b) 8 one-on-one interviews with management staff and (c) 2 telephone interviews with training managers in the Bear Steams head office in New York and European Office in London (d) survey questionnaire with 20 staff from the learning and development department in AIB Bank
Conflict, consensus and representation : the party groups in the European Parliament
No full textDefence date: 7 July 1989Examining Board: Prof. Rudolf Wildenmann, Universität Mannheim (supervisor) ; Prof. David Coombes, National Institute of Higher Education, Limerick (external supervisor) ; Dr. Roland Bieber, European Parliament, Luxembourg ; Prof. Birgitta Nedelmann, Universität Mainz ; Prof. Roger Morgan, European University InstituteFirst made available online on 8 February 2019The thesis presents an analysis of the transnational political groups of the European Parliament, relating this to theories of political parties, parliaments and representation, while emphasising that existing comparative studies applied, to Europe are of limited value in explaining the nature of political organisation at the European level. The thesis postulates that it is essential that the political groups be analysed in terms of the nature of the European Community itself as a fluid polity and illustrates the problems of understanding European Integration as a political process. An analysis of the functions and role of the political groups is carried out and the study concludes that the groups function effectively as organisers of the European Parliament, with integrative and representational functions, but that at this stage of their development they cannot be seen as European parties. The study is based on research and analysis carried out through interviews conducted by the author as an active member of the European University Institute Survey team for the Study of MEPs, and supplemented by interviews with EP and political group officials
XLIV: An attempted escape from Dublin castle: the trial of William and Walter de Bermingham, 1332
No full textOn 11 July 1332 William de Bermingham, brother of the earl of Louth, was hanged at Dublin by order of the justiciar, Anthony de Lucy. This event is recorded by Clyn, by the author of the Annals of Ross and by the Dublin annalist, all of whom praise Bermingham for his military excellence but do not give any explanation for the execution. All the chroniclers mention Bermingham’s arrest earlier in the year, but the connexion between the two events is never stated.In February and March 1332 William had been indicted by juries at Clonmel and Limerick of involvement in two alleged conspiracies, one in 1326 and the other in 1331, both of which had as their supposed object the establishment of the earl of Desmond as king of Ireland. The surviving indictments do not mention William’s son Walter, but he is later described as also having been indicted of felony. Both William and Walter were arrested by the justiciar at Clonmel in February 1332, held locally until Lucy had concluded his business in Munster, and then transferred on 19 April to Dublin castle, where two of the other named conspirators, Desmond himself and Henry de Mandeville, had been imprisoned since the previous year. Yet another conspirator, Walter de Burgh, was in the custody of his cousin, the earl of Ulster, in Northburgh castle.</jats:p
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