215,195 research outputs found
Beckidia inflata Mukherjee & Hazra 2023, sp. n.
No full text<i>Beckidia inflata</i> sp. n. <p>GenBank Accession No. OP683426</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4ED2CD46-2EAB-4F2E-9DF2-50F79AB607CC</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype male, labelled ‘ Holotype <i>Beckidia inflata</i> <b>sp. n.</b>, India, West Bengal, Purba Barddhaman [23.2446° N, 87.8496° E], 31.iii.2022, Coll. B. Mukherjee’. Paratype 1 male, labelled ‘ Paratype <i>Beckidia inflata</i> <b>sp. n.</b>, India, West Bengal, Purba Barddhaman [23.2446° N, 87.8496° E], 26.viii.2022, Coll. B. Mukherjee’. Paratypes 2 males, labelled ‘ Paratype <i>Beckidia inflata</i> <b>sp. n.</b>, India, west Bengal, Purba Barddhaman [23.2393° N, 87.8512° E], 02.ix.2020, Coll. N. Hazra’. Paratype 1 male, labelled ‘ Paratype <i>Beckidia inflata</i> <b>sp. n.</b>, India, West Bengal, Purba Barddhaman [23.1840° N, 88.0302° E], 20.ii.2023, Coll. Sk. Mohim Ali’.</p> <p> <b>Diagnostic characters.</b> The new species can be separated from other species of <i>Beckidia</i> by the following combination of characters: acrostichals absent, anal point slightly widened apically, apically broadened superior volsella having 13–16 apical setae and covered with microtrichia, and gonostylus apically widened.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The name ‘ <i>inflata</i> ’, originated from a Latin word ‘ <i>inflatus</i> ’, refers to the apically expanded superior volsella.</p> <p> <b>Male (n=5).</b> Total length 2.75–3.07, 2.9 mm. Wing length 1.53–1.55, 1.54 mm. Costal length 1.47–1.49, 1.48 mm. Antennal length 0.82–0.85, 0.835 mm.</p> <p>Colouration. Thorax yellow with brown marking; leg and abdomen yellowish brown.</p> <p>Head. Head width 375–470, 422.5 µm. Temporal setae 7–8 (IV 2, OV 3, Po 2–3). Clypeal setae 10–12. Frontal tubercles absent. Eyes bare with dorsomedial extension of 100–110, 105 µm. AR 1.58–1.63, 1.61; ultimate flagellomere 520–530, 525 µm long. Palpomere lengths (I–V) (µm): 34.5: 27.6–28, 28.8: 106–110; 108: 140–146, 143: 200. CA 0.46–0.55, 0.50.</p> <p> Thorax. Scutal tubercle absent. Ac 0, Dc 5–6, Pa 2, Scts 4. Wing (Fig. 1A). VR 1.06–1.13, 1.095. R 1 and R 4+5 bare. Brachiolum with 2 setae. Squama with 4–6 fringed setae. FCu distinctly distal to RM. Anal lobe moderately developed. Legs. Fore tibia with 1 seta. Mid legs with 2 tibial spurs; 13.8 µm long with 27–28 lateral teeth. Hind leg with 2 tibial spurs; 16 µm and 18.5 µm long with 32 teeth. Lengths and proportions of leg segments shown in table I.</p> <p>Hypopygium (Figs. 1B–D). Anal tergite band Y shaped. Anal point 42–46, 44 µm long, apically expanded. Laterosternite IX with 2 setae on each side of anal point. Longitudinal and transverse sternapodeme 57.5–61, 59.25 µm and 27.5–30, 28.75 µm long respectively. Superior volsella 53–57.5, 55.25 µm long and 28 µm wide apically, somewhat racquet like, microtrichiose with bearing 13–16 setae and fused with inferior volsella. Gonocoxite 105– 115, 110 µm long. Gonostylus 161–165, 163 µm long widest distally. HR 0.65–0.70, 0.675. HV 2.61–2.66, 2.63.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> India, West Bengal.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Apically broadened superior volsella, distally thickened gonostylus and absence of acrostichals confirm the emplacing of the new species in the genus <i>Beckidia</i> Saether. The new species shows closeness with <i>B. connexa</i> Zorina, 2006 in having distally swollen gonostylus, nearly similar anal point and lacking of acrostichals. They differ in the shape of anal tergite band (H shaped tergite band in <i>B. connexa</i> while it is Y shaped in new one) and superior volsella (pad like in <i>B. connexa</i> while it is apically inflated in new species).</p>Published as part of <i>Mukherjee, Bindarika & Hazra, Niladri, 2023, Taxonomic studies on Harnischia complex from India (Diptera: Chironomidae), pp. 239-263 in Zootaxa 5278 (2)</i> on page 241, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7906073">http://zenodo.org/record/7906073</a>
Transmuted Mukherjee-Islam Distribution: A Generalization of Mukherjee-Islam Distribution
No full textA new continuous distribution is proposed in this paper. This distribution is a generalization of Mukherjee-Islam distribution using the quadratic rank transmutation map. It is called transmuted Mukherjee-Islam distribution (TMID). We have studied many properties of the new distribution: Reliability and hazard rate functions. The descriptive statistics: mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis are also studied. Maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the distribution parameters. Order statistics and Renyi and Tsallis entropies were also calculated. Furthermore, the quantile function and the median are calculated.</jats:p
Bayesian experimental design and model selection forecasting
No full textIntroduction Common applications of Bayesian methods in cosmology involve the computation of model probabilities and of posterior probability distributions for the parameters of those models. However, Bayesian statistics is not limited to applications based on existing data, but can equally well handle questions about expectations for the future performance of planned experiments, based on our current knowledge. This is an important topic, especially with a number of future cosmology experiments and surveys currently being planned. To give a taste, they include: large-scale optical surveys such as Pan-STARRS (Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System), DES (the Dark Energy Survey) and LSST (Large Synoptic Survey Telescope), massive spectroscopic surveys such as WFMOS (Wide-Field Fibrefed Multi-Object Spectrograph), satellite missions such as JDEM (the Joint Dark Energy Explorer) and EUCLID, continental-sized radio telescopes such as SKA (the Square Kilometer Array) and future cosmic microwave background experiments such as B-Pol searching for primordial gravitational waves. As the amount of available resources is limited, the question of how to optimize them in order to obtain the greatest possible science return, given present knowledge, will be of increasing importance. In this chapter we address the issue of experimental forecasting and optimization, starting with the general aspects and a simple example. We then discuss the so-called Fisher Matrix approach, which allows one to compute forecasts rapidly, before looking at a real-world application. Finally, we cover forecasts of model comparison outcomes and model selection Figures of Merit
Kloosia incurva Mukherjee & Hazra 2023, sp.n.
No full text<i>Kloosia incurva</i> sp.n. <p>GenBank Accession No. OP683429</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0D8FAD19-2ADE-4456-963F-2E22C11D6057</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype male, labelled ‘ Holotype <i>Kloosia incurva</i> <b>sp. n.</b>, India, West Bengal, Purba Barddhaman [23.2393° N, 87.8512° E], 22.ix.2021, Coll. N. Hazra’. Paratypes 3 males, labelled ‘ Paratype <i>Kloosia incurva</i> <b>sp. n.</b>, India, West Bengal, Purba Barddhaman [23.2446° N, 87.8496° E], 30.iii.2022, Coll. B. Mukherjee’.</p> <p> <b>Diagnostic characters.</b> The adult male is distinguished by the following combination of characters: superior volsella with broad apex having 5–6 moderately long setae, elongated inferior volsella with short setae.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The name ‘ <i>incurva</i> ’, originated from a Latin word ‘ <i>incurvus</i> ’, refers to the curved gonostylus at distal end.</p> <p> <b>Male (n=4).</b> Total length 3–3.3, 3.165 mm. Wing length 1.55–1.7, 1.62 mm. Costal length 1.45–1.62, 1.53 mm. Antennal length 0.92–0.94, 0.93 mm.</p> <p>Colouration. Thorax, leg and abdomen yellowish brown.</p> <p>Head. Head width 440–500, 470 µm. Temporal setae 7–8 (IV 4, OV 3, Po 0–1). Clypeal setae 6. Frontal tubercles absent. Eyes bare with dorsomedial extension of 115–120, 117.5 µm. AR 1.4–1.5, 1.45; ultimate flagellomere 620– 630, 625 µm long. Palpomere lengths (I–V) (µm): 23: 25–27.5, 26.25: 66.5–70, 68.25: 94.5: 110.5–112, 111.25. CA 0.48–0.53, 0.505.</p> <p> Thorax. Scutal tubercle absent. Ac 2, Dc 6, Pa 2, Scts 4, Su 1. Wing (Fig. 2A). VR 0.93–0.96, 0.945. R 1 without setae, R 4+5 with 3–4 setae. Brachiolum with 2 setae. Squama with 5 fringed setae. FCu distinctly distal to RM. Anal lobe moderately developed. Legs. Fore tibia with 2 setae. Mid legs with 2 tibial spurs; 16–18, 17 µm and 27.6 µm long with 16 lateral teeth. Hind leg with 2 tibial spurs; 18.4 µm and 23 µm long with 22 teeth. Lengths and proportions of leg segments shown in table II.</p> <p>Hypopygium (Figs. 2B–E). Anal tergite band Y shaped. Anal point rounded apically, 57.5–60, 58.75 µm long and 11.5 µm wide at apex. Laterosternite IX with 2 setae on each side of anal point. Longitudinal and transverse sternapodeme 92–95, 93.5 µm and 27.5 µm long respectively. Superior volsella somewhat spatulate like at apex, 50–53, 52.5 µm long and 25.5µm wide at apex bearing 5–6 long setae. Elongated inferior volsella straight and distally widened bearing 5 small setae, 90–92 µm long and 30 µm wide at apex. Gonocoxite 132–138, 135 µm long. Gonostylus with partial cleft at apex, 149.5 –152, 150.75 µm long, fairly curved and swollen distally. HR 0.88–0.91, 0.895. HV 2.27–2.39, 2.33.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> India, West Bengal.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Characters such as weakly appeared partial cleft on apex of gonostylus, non shortened inferior volsella with small setae and distally expanded superior volsella affirm positioning of the new species in the genus <i>Kloosia</i> Kruseman. Somewhat similar kind of superior volsella and anal point are present in both <i>Kloosia dorsenna</i> (Saether, 1983) and the new species, but they differ in variable number of setae on superior volsella (5–6 setae on superior volsella of new species while it is 3 in number in <i>K. dorsenna</i>), shape of gonostylus (roughly straight gonostylus present in <i>K. dorsenna</i> while distally curved in the new species.</p> <p> <b> A world key to the species of the genus <i>Kloosia</i> Kruseman (male)</b> </p> <p>1. Superior volsella not overreaching the anal point............................................................ 2</p> <p>- Superior volsella overreaching the anal point............................................................... 4</p> <p> 2(1). Superior volsella with more than 2 setae; gonostylus distally thickened and strongly curved inwardly (Orient).................................................................................................... <i>K. incurva</i> <b>sp. n.</b></p> <p> <b>-</b> Superior volsella having 2 setae at apex; more or less straight gonostylus......................................... 3</p> <p> 3(2). Superior volsella somewhat rectangular shaped; inferior volsella longer than anal point (Holarctic)................................................................................................... <i>K. dorsenna</i> (Saether, 1983)</p> <p> - Superior volsella strongly curved at apex; inferior volsella not longer than anal point, more or less equal in length (Afrotropics)...................................................................... <i>K. africana</i> Reiss, 1988</p> <p> 4(1). Superior volsella slightly S shaped (Palaearctic, Oriental China).............................. <i>K. koreana</i> Reiss, 1988</p> <p> - Superior volsella racquet like apically (Palaearctic)........................................ <i>K. pusilla</i> (Linné, 1767)</p>Published as part of <i>Mukherjee, Bindarika & Hazra, Niladri, 2023, Taxonomic studies on Harnischia complex from India (Diptera: Chironomidae), pp. 239-263 in Zootaxa 5278 (2)</i> on pages 243-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7906073">http://zenodo.org/record/7906073</a>
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat forebrain that bind ¹⁸F-nifene: relating PET imaging, autoradiography, and behavior
No full textNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain are important for cognitive function; however, their specific role in relevant brain regions remains unclear. In this study, we used the novel compound ¹⁸F-nifene to examine the distribution of nAChRs in the rat forebrain, and for individual animals related the results to behavioral performance on an auditory-cognitive task. We first show negligible binding of ¹⁸F-nifene in mice lacking the β2 nAChR subunit, consistent with previous findings that ¹⁸F-nifene binds to α4β2* nAChRs. We then examined the distribution of ¹⁸F-nifene in rat using three methods: in vivo PET, ex vivo PET and autoradiography. Generally, ¹⁸F-nifene labeled forebrain regions known to contain nAChRs, and the three methods produced similar relative binding among regions. Importantly, ¹⁸F-nifene also labeled some white matter (myelinated axon) tracts, most prominently in the temporal subcortical region that contains the auditory thalamocortical pathway. Finally, we related ¹⁸F-nifene binding in several forebrain regions to each animal's performance on an auditory-cued, active avoidance task. The strongest correlations with performance after 14 days training were found for ¹⁸F-nifene binding in the temporal subcortical white matter, subiculum, and medial frontal cortex (correlation coefficients, r > 0.8); there was no correlation with binding in the auditory thalamus or auditory cortex. These findings suggest that individual performance is linked to nicotinic functions in specific brain regions, and further support a role for nAChRs in sensory-cognitive function.Peer reviewedAuthor's Manuscript is also available open access in PubMed Central: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292694.This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Bieszczad, K. M., Kant, R., Constantinescu, C. C., Pandey, S. K., Kawai, H. D., Metherate, R., Weinberger, N. M. and Mukherjee, J. (2012), Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat forebrain that bind 18F-nifene: Relating PET imaging, autoradiography, and behavior. Synapse, 66: 418–434. doi: 10.1002/syn.21530, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/syn.21530. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving
On Poiseuille flow of liquid crystals
No full textCalderer, M. Carme; Mukherjee, B.. (1995). On Poiseuille flow of liquid crystals. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/2883
Olecryptotendipes extentus Mukherjee & Hazra 2022, sp. n.
No full text<i>Olecryptotendipes extentus</i> sp. n. <p>LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E4026664-59C3-49F4-8BB9-98879FE85757</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype male, labelled ‘ Holotype <i>Olecryptotendipes extentus</i> <b>sp. n</b>., India, West Bengal, Burdwan [23°22ʹN, 87°85ʹE], 10.iii.2020, Coll. N. Hazra’. Paratype 1 male, same data as holotype, labelled ‘ Paratype <i>Olecryptotendipes extentus</i> <b>sp. n.</b>, India, West Bengal, Burdwan [23°22ʹN, 87°85ʹE], 25.viii.2020, Coll. N. Hazra’. Paratype 1 male, same data as holotype, labelled ‘ Paratype <i>Olecryptotendipes extentus</i> <b>sp. n.</b>, India, West Bengal, Burdwan [23°22ʹN, 87°85ʹE], 14.ix.2020, Coll. N. Hazra’. Paratype 1 male, same data as holotype, labelled ‘ Paratype <i>Olecryptotendipes extentus</i> <b>sp. n.</b>, India, West Bengal, Burdwan [23°22ʹN, 87°85ʹE], 10.xii.2020, Coll. N. Hazra’.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> The adult male is distinguished from other species of <i>Olecryptotendipes</i> by the presence of a partially sclerotised, apicolaterally distinctly widened superior volsella with 2 apical setae and 1 subapical seta, parallel-sided anal point widest at base and small inferior volsella.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The name ‘ <i>extentus</i> ’, a Latin word, refers to the apically extended or widened superior volsella.</p> <p> <b>Male (n=4).</b> Total length 3.38–3.6, 3.49 mm. Wing length 1.92–1.95, 1.93 mm. Costal length 1.85–1.90, 1.87 mm. Antennal length 0.97–1.0, 0.98 mm.</p> <p>Colouration. Thorax dark brown. Leg and abdomen yellowish brown.</p> <p>Head. Head width 520–550, 530 µm. Temporal setae 10–11 (IV 3, OV 3–4, Po 4). Clypeal setae 16–17. Frontal tubercles absent. Eyes bare with dorsomedial extension of 150–160, 155 µm. Ultimate flagellomere 620–650, 635 µm long; AR 1.78–1.85, 1.81. Palpomere lengths (I–V) (µm): 30: 40–60; 50: 90–110; 100: 120–140; 130: 170–190; 180. CA 0.53–0.55, 0.54.</p> <p>Thorax. Vittae present. Scutal tubercle absent. Acrostichals 8–9, dorsocentrals 8, prealars 3, supraalars 3–4, scutellars 4.</p> <p> Wing (Fig. 2A). VR 1.12–1.14, 1.13. R 1 with 10 setae; R 4+5 bare. Brachiolum with 2 setae. Squama with 4 fringed setae. Anal lobe moderately developed.</p> <p>Legs. Fore tibia with 2 setae. Mid legs with 2 tibial spurs; 25.3–27.6, 26.45 µm and 29.9 µm long with 28–30 teeth. Hind leg with 2 tibial spurs; 27.6–29.9, 28.75 µm and 34.5–36.8, 35.65 µm long with 48–52 teeth. Lengths and proportions of leg segments shown in table 2.</p> <p>Hypopygium (Figs. 2B–D). Anal tergite band Y- shaped. Anal point parallel-sided, distally rounded, originating from caudal margin of anal tergite; 57.5–59.8, 58.65 µm long, 6.9–9.2, 8.05 µm wide at apex and 13.8–18.4, 16.1 µm wide at base. Four setae on each side of base of anal point. Transverse sternapodeme 50.6–55.2, 52.9 µm long. Superior volsella (Fig. 2D) curved, partially sclerotised, apicolaterally expanded and inverted T shaped, 73.6–80.5, 77.05 µm long and 11.5–13.8, 12.65 µm wide at base and 29.9–32.2, 31.05 µm wide at apex, with 2 apical setae arising from strong base and 1 subapical seta, inner part covered by microtrichia. Inferior volsella small, reaching beyond margin of anal tergite and covered with microtrichia. Gonocoxite 149.5–151.8, 150.65 µm long. Gonostylus 161–163.3, 162.15 µm long. HR 0.92–0.94, 0.93; HV 2.20–2.37, 2.28.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> West Bengal, India (present record).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Characters such as the Y-shaped anal tergite band, distinct superior volsella, weak inferior volsella, absence of frontal tubercles and scutal tubercle affirm the placement of this new species in <i>Olecryptotendipes</i> Zorina. The new species is similar to <i>O. lenzi</i> (Zorina, 2001) by the presence of microtrichia and the absence of a protrusion on the superior volsella. The new species resembles <i>O. arienus</i> Yan et Wang, 2017 in having parallel sided gonostylus, a similar number of prealar (3) and squamal (4) setae but differs in AR (1.78–1.85 of the new species while <i>C. arienus</i> has 1.03–1.64), HR (0.92–0.94 of new species while <i>C. arienus</i> has 0.46–0.49) and the shape of the superior volsella (simple, digitiform shaped in <i>C. arienus</i> while it is inverted T-shaped in new species).</p>Published as part of <i>Mukherjee, Bindarika & Hazra, Niladri, 2022, First records of three genera, Cyphomella Saether, 1977, Olecryptotendipes Zorina, 2007 and Robackia Saether, 1977 of the Harnischia complex from India with description of O. extentus sp. n., O. obtunsus sp. n. and R. aequilongia sp. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae), pp. 330-340 in Zootaxa 5091 (2)</i> on pages 333-335, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5091.2.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5843668">http://zenodo.org/record/5843668</a>
New stochastic traveling wave solutions for the Kundu–Mukherjee–Naskar equation with random variable coefficients
No full textThe stochastic Kundu–Mukherjee–Naskar (SKMN) equation with multiplicative noise is considered. We apply the appropriate transformation to the SKMN to create another Kundu–Mukherjee–Naskar equation with random variable coefficients. We use the mapping approach to provide innovative trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational solutions for KMNE-RVCs. Following that, we obtain the solutions of SKMN. For the first time in the Kundu–Mukherjee–Naskar equation, we propose that the solution to the wave equation is stochastic, while all prior studies assumed it was deterministic. Some previous results are generated. Furthermore, we provide a variety of graphical representations to show how multiplicative noise affects the exact solutions of the stochastic Kundu–Mukherjee–Naskar
Monopelopia (Monopelopia) obscurata Mondal & Mukherjee & Hazra 2022, sp. n.
No full textMonopelopia (Monopelopia) obscurata sp. n. https://zoobank.org/ 0A5C24CA-B5A8-489A-AC6A-B5C3F69C385D Type Material. Holotype male with larval and pupal exuviae (reared), labelled as ‘ Monopelopia obscurata sp. n. Mondal, Mukherjee and Hazra, India, West Bengal, Suntaley khola (27.01, 88.78), 03.VII.2019, Coll. D. Mondal’. Diagnosis. The new species can be separated from other members of the subgenus Monopelopia by having the following combination of characters: Male. AR 1.46; wing uniformly covered with dense macrotrichia; darkened r-m cross vein; hind tibial comb with 6 setae; T IX with 2 dorsolateral setae on each side. Pupa. Thoracic horn without acute apical projection, plastron plate occupying distal fifth of thoracic horn, L/ W 6.1. Larva. Pecten hypopharyngis with 4 teeth, posterior parapod with one darkened strongly curved claw with 5 inner teeth. Etymology. The name ‘ obscurata ’ is of Latin origin meaning ‘darkened’ referring to darkened cross-vein, to be treated as adjective. Description Male imago (n = 1). Total length 1.62 mm. Wing length from arculus 1.16 mm, width 0.33 mm, L/ W 3.5. Total length / WL 1.39. WL / Length of forefemur 2.44. Colouration. Head brown. Antenna pale brown, maxillary palp light brown. Thorax brown, vittae dark, antepronotum dark, wings uniform pale except, dark brown cross vein, legs pale brown, abdomen entirely pale brown. Hypopygium brown. Head. Eyes bare, dorsomedian extension 73.6 µm. Apical seta of antenna (Fig. 3B) 34.5 µm, AR 1.46. Temporal setae 9, uniserial. Clypeus with 28 setae. Length of palpomeres I-V (µm): 27.6: 34.5: 110.4: 115: 128.8. CA 0.66. CP 0.97. Thorax. Scutal tubercle and pit absent. Antepronotum with 2 lateral setae; acrostichals 32, irregularly biserial; dorsocentrals 19 each side, biserial anteriorly and uniserial posteriorly; prealars 5; scutellars 9. Wing (Fig. 3A). Wing membrane with dense macrotrichia; squama with 14 setae; brachiolum with 2 setae; vein lengths (µm): C 980, Sc 475, R 1 375, R 4+5 550, M 1+2 700, R 4+5 ending long before M 1+2, anal lobe round, poorly developed; CR 0.84; VR 0.86. Legs. Tibial spurs as in Fig. 3C. Ti I spur 39.1 µm long; Ti II spur 41.4 µm long; Ti III spur 52.9 µm long; hind tibial comb with 6 setae. Length (µm) and proportions of leg segments as in Table 3. Abdomen. T IX with 2 dorsolateral setae on each side. Hypopygium (Fig. 3D). Anal point conical in shape with broad base. Gonocoxite 135 µm long, 51 µm wide, L/ W 2.64. Gonostylus simple, curved inwardly, 64.4 µm long, basal width 18.4 µm, Gs/ Gc 0.75. Megaseta 13.8 µm long. Phallapodeme 48.3 µm long; HR 2; HV 2.53. Pupa (n = 1) Colouration. Exuviae pale yellow without apparent pattern. Total length. 2.58 mm. Cephalothorax. Frontal apotome triangular. Wing sheath 968 µm long. Thoracic horn (Fig. 4A) tubular, 285 µm long, 46.7 µm broad without apical spine, surface with scattered broad–based spinules, ThR 6.1, plastron plate egg-shaped, 142 µm long, 84 µm wide occupying 0.38 length of horn; respiratory atrium tubular, about a third of the width of Th, walls thick with narrow duct-like lumen, basal lobe reduced. Dc 1 112 µm long, Dc 2 111 µm long and Sa 86 µm long. Abdomen (Figs. 4b–c). Scar on tergite I 128 µm long, elongate and without pigmentation. Tergites I –VIII without shagreen, 4 LS setae on tergite VII located at 0.27, 0.47, 0.62 and 0.91 respectively from anterior margin; tergite VIII with 5 LS setae located 0.36, 0.50, 0.73, 0.87 and 0.98 respectively from anterior margin. Anal lobe 320 µm long, 265 µm wide; L/ W 1.2, outer margin with 6 spinules, male genital sacs 351 µm long, 187 µm wide, not extending beyond apices of anal lobes, G/F 1.09, L/ W 2.70. Fourth instar larva (n = 1) Total length 3.2 mm. Colouration. Pale yellow. Head. Cephalic index 0.49. Antenna (Fig. 5A). AR 3.54; length of antennal segments I–IV (µm): 253, 59.8, 4.6, 6.9; ring organ situated 0.54 from base; blade 55 µm long, accessory blade 51 µm long. Mandible (Fig 5B.). 69 µm long; apical tooth 23 µm long, basal tooth 16.1 µm long; A1/MD 3.67. Maxilla (Fig 5C.). Basal segment 32.2 µm long; ring organ situated 0.46 from base. Mentum and M appendage (Fig. 5D). Two small dorsomental teeth reduced, 4 µm long, on each side of base. Pseudoradula 69 µm long with distally coarser granulation. Ligula (Fig. 5E). 54 µm long, with 5 subequal teeth forming slightly concave margin; paraligula 34.5 µm long, bifid. Pecten hypopharyngis with 4 teeth. Cephalic chaetotaxy (Fig. 5F). Dorsal seta. S7 and S8 closely placed each other and along with S5 formed acute angle. Ventral seta. VP and SSm directly medial; S 10 further anterolateral; S 9 even further anteromedial. Body. Anal tubules cylindrical, 94.3 µm long, 25.3 µm wide; supra-anal setae 264.5 µm long. Procercus 88 µm long and 33 µm wide with 7 apical setae. Length of sub basal setae of posterior parapod 128 µm. total number of setae 4; 2 long claws each with 4 and 2 inner teeth, short claw one with 2 inner teeth and another strongly curved claw with 4 inner teeth (Fig. 5G). Remarks A comparison among M. mongpuense, M. recta, M. adeliae, M. macunaima, M. edentata and M. obscurata sp. n, is given in Table 2 and Table 4. Distribution and bionomics. M. obscurata is so far known only from India. Suntaleykhola is a dense forested area with temperate climate, occupying the eastern fringes of the Himalayan foothills. The larva was collected from a marshy area at the bank of a small stream.Published as part of Mondal, Debarshi, Mukherjee, Tuhar & Hazra, Niladri, 2022, TWO NEW SPECIES OF MONOPELOPIA FITTKAU, 1962 FROM FORESTS IN INDIA ALONG WITH A KEY TO ADULT MALES OF ORIENTAL AND PALEARCTIC SPECIES (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) Abstract, pp. 32-42 in CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research 35 (35) on pages 35-41, DOI: 10.5324/cjcr.v0i35.4599, http://zenodo.org/record/798745
Stenolemus annulatus Mukherjee, Ambrose, Hassan & Biswas, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textStenolemus annulatus sp. nov. (Figs. 1 –12) Description. Macropterous; body covered with long, luteous, curved pubescence. Colour. General colour creamy white, pattern elements brownish yellow to dark brown; head creamy white with fuscous markings (Fig. 2); rostrum creamy white, its apex, base and lateral sides of second segment luteous (Fig. 4); first segment of antennae with five brown annuli (Fig. 3), second segment brownish yellow at base and dark brown at apex with two submedian elongate and a small creamy white annuli at apex, third segment dark brown, fourth luteous with a dark brown annuli at base and one near apex; pronotum with anterior lobe creamy white having two elongate luteous markings near middle (Fig. 3); petiole creamy white and posterior lobe luteous; scutellum and metanotum brownish yellow, each with a concolorous spine at apex; forelegs creamy white; coxa with one subapical, one subbasal brown annuli; trochanter whitish; femur with one subbasal and three submedian brown annuli; tibia with one wider subbasal and a narrow submedian brown annuli; tarsus white, apex of second segment darker; claw luteous; spiniferous processes on tibiae and femora creamy white, piceous at apex; coxae of middle and hind legs fuscous; trochanters, femora and tibiae creamy white; femora of middle leg with one apical, two submedian brownish yellow and one median dark brown annuli, hind femora with one apical, three submedian brownish yellow and one median dark brown annuli, the length of annuli increasing towards apex, tibia of both middle and hind legs with one subbasal dark brown and one submedian brownish yellow annuli, three brush-like tufts of medium size hairs on middle femora with basal and apical regions brownish yellow and middle region dark brown, hind femora with four tufts, two basal and apical one brownish yellow, remaining one dark brown coloured, middle and hind tibiae with one subbasal dark brown and one submedian brownish yellow tuft of hairs; forewings creamy white, pattern elements luteous to dark brown (Fig. 5), hind wings whitish; abdomen dorsally fuscous, ventrally creamy white at base, medially with numerous small fuscous spots and apex fuscous. Structure: Head. Head short, rounded posteriorly, impressed between the eyes; anteocular region elevated and almost equal to postocular region, postocular region with 1 + 1 dorsal, conical, apically rounded projections behind constriction (Fig. 2); eyes moderate in size, their distance (0.232 mm) dorsally equal to one and one-half times their width (0.319 mm) (1: 0.7), rounded in lateral aspect, moderately coarsely faceted; rostrum strongly curved between first and second segments, reaching but not passing anterior coxae, second segment slightly longer than first and swollen, third segment almost equal in length to the second and slender (Fig. 4); antenna four-segmented, first segment the longest, followed by the second segment, third segment) the shortest and the fourth segment more than twice the length of the third, relative length of antennal segments: I:II:III:IV= 1: 0.92: 0.15: 0.38, first segment with extremely long, numerous curved delicate hairs dorsally and ventrally, shorter towards apex, a very few long hairs up to middle from base of second segment, second, third and fourth segments possess short indistinct hairs. Thorax. Thorax long, sharply divided into three parts, forelobe subglobular sharply detached from petiole and with a ventral medial spine ventrally (Fig. 6), a central narrow cylindrical petiole about as long as forelobe and 1.3 times smaller than hind lobe (ratio of pronotal lobes I:II:III= 0.74: 0.75: 1) slightly widened posteriorly; hind lobe of pronotum elongate, bell-shaped, somewhat compressed laterally, posteriorly with 1 + 1 submedian conical elevations with rounded apex, humeral angles not elevated, disc slightly depressed longitudinally at middle (Fig. 3); spines of scutellum and metanotum short, erect, pointed apically with short hairs only. Forelegs moderately slender (Fig. 3), forecoxa shorter than hind lobe of pronotum (0.8: 1), forefemora with ventrally inclined first and second long spiniferous process, much longer than any of remainder and with more than 20 moderate to smallsized spines, tibia with more than 40 spines; middle and hind legs very long and slender; hind femora reaching apex of forewings. Forewings elongate, membranous with concave apical margin and surpassing apex of abdomen by about 0.8 mm (Fig. 5). Abdomen. Abdomen slender, somewhat widened posteriorly. Surface of abdomen slightly shining. Male genital segments as shown in Fig. 7–11 and female genital segments in Fig. 12. FIGURE 12. Stenolemus annulatus sp. nov. paratype female, apical half of abdomen, ventral view. (VII: 7 th Segment; Gc 8: Gonocoxite 8; Gp 9: Gonapophyses 9). Measurements: [in mm Holotype ♂ (n = 1)]. Body length 7.59; head length, 0.78, width across eye 0.35; length of anteocular region 0.38, postocular region 0.40; length of antennae 4.77, lengths of antennal segments I: 1.95, II: 1.79, III: 0.29, and IV: 0.74; rostral length 0.97, length of rostral segments I: 0.29, II: 0.33 and III: 0.35; length of pronotum 2.12, width across humeri 0.98; length of anterior pronotal lobe 0.63,of petiole 0.64, of posterior pronotal lobe 0.85, lengths of pronotal lobes I:II:III= 0.74: 0.75: 1; length of forecoxa: 0.70, trochanter: 0.12, femur: 1.48, tibia: 1.19, tarsus: 0.16, claws: 0.06; midcoxa: 0.44, trochanter: 0.23, femur: 2.86, tibia: 4.43, tarsus: 0.09, claw: 0.05; hindcoxa: 0.58, trochanter: 0.26, femur: 3.94, tibia: 7.40, tarsus: 0.11, claw: 0.05. Paratype ♀, body length 9.04. Type material. HOLOTYPE: 1 ♂, INDIA: West Bengal: North 24 Parganas District: Krishnapur, 24.X. 2013, Paramita Mukherjee, ex. at light (Lat.: 23.5976 °, Long.: 88.43 °, Alt.: 5 m). PARATYPES: 1 ♀, Maharashtra: Nagpur: M.L.A. Hostel, 16. IX. 2013, M.E. Hassan, ex. in spider web (Lat.: 21.1468 °, Long.: 79.0870 °, Alt.: 309 m); 1 ♀, West Bengal: North 24 Parganas District: Krishnapur, 06.I. 2014, Paramita Mukherjee, ex. in spider web (Lat.: 22.5915 °, Long.: 88.43 °, Alt.: 5 m). Habitat. The holotype was collected at light and the paratypes from spider web of Oecobius putus O.P. Cambridge belonging to the family of Oecobiidae. Distribution. INDIA: West Bengal, Maharashtra. Etymology. It denotes the annulations on antennae and legs. Remarks. This new species, Stenolemus annulata is closely related to S. susainathani Wygodzinsky from Nilgiri Hills, South India and S. larat Wygodzinsky from Moluccas, Larat, by sharing common characters such as the ratio of distance between eyes 1.5 times their width, first segment of antennae the longest, postocular region of head with 1 + 1 short elevations, long thorax, sharply divided into three parts, the anterior portion globose, a central narrow cylindrical petiole and posterior portion with two tubercles, body covered with numerous long, curved pubescence, numerous long hairs on forelegs but not forming tufts. But S. annulatus sp. nov. can be easily separated from the Indian species, S. susainathani Wygodzinsky and also from S. larat Wygodzinsky by the following diagnostic characteristics: petiole about as long as thoracic forelobe and 1.3 times shorter than hind lobe (Fig. 3), first segment of antennae with five annulations (Fig. 3), rostrum creamy white and luteous at apex, basal and lateral areas of second segment (Fig. 4); hind lobe of pronotum with 1 + 1 submedian conical rounded projections (Fig. 3); forecoxa shorter than hind lobe of pronotum (Fig. 1), foretibia with one subbasal and one submedian annulation and hind femora reaching apex of forewings (Fig. 1).Published as part of Mukherjee, Paramita, Ambrose, Dunston P., Hassan, M. E. & Biswas, B., 2015, A new species of Stenolemus Signoret (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) from India, pp. 116-122 in Zootaxa 3904 (1) on pages 117-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3904.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/24009
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