45 research outputs found
Development of organosilicon cross-coupling reaction
No full textUse of palladium catalyzed cross-couplings have found widespread use in the pharmaceutical industry and there is a significant ongoing effort to either improve or devise new synthetic strategies to help build complex biologically active compounds. This is a study for advancing the use of silanols and silanolate cross-coupling in modern organic chemistrySubmission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2017-12-01The student, Zain Yousaf, accepted the attached license on 2015-09-30 at 16:34.The student, Zain Yousaf, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2015-09-30 at 16:41.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2015-10-02 at 09:28.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #8703 on 2016-03-08 at 11:05:08Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-08T17:21:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
YOUSAF-THESIS-2015.pdf: 3861428 bytes, checksum: b7c18839ef7cc6426c38f075f5da29ac (MD5)
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Previous issue date: 2015-10-02Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 91486
Lift date: 2018-03-08T17:22:13Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 91486 on 2018-03-09T10:15:25Z
Intoxication and self-defence : a comparative study of principles of English law and Shari'ah
No full textThe study is based upon an analysis of the general principles of criminal liability in English law and Shari 'ah. It is hoped that it may provide a valid basis for discussion of the future development of criminal law.
The relationship between law and society is an organic one and this relationship in Shari'ah is based on revelatory text of precepts, law, and admonitions. Shari'ah is an
essential part of faith of every Muslim; a sound knowledge of its principles not only gives him a sense of inner fulfilment but enables him to order his life according to the dictates of his religion. On the other hand, in English law, religious beliefs and private morality might be viewed as not a matter for law. Religion is in that context generally conceived as a spiritual sphere of supra-human connotation distinct from law, which is basically a secular concern.
Both the systems of law under consideration are different in their sources and nature. English law, being a positive law, finds its source in legislation and other recognised
sources. Shari 'ah is a divine ordinance imposed upon people without having a freedom of choice and it has its roots in its primary sources, the Holy Qur'an, and the Sunnah.
However, the revelatory nature of Shari'ah does not render it entirely inflexible and immutable. The finality of authoritative legal texts is confined only to a limited number of injunctions in the primary sources. The secondary sources provide flexibility to meet the changing requirements of society. A legal system should strike a fair balance between flexibility and inflexibility of legal rules. A very flexible system of law may lead to inconsistencies, illogicalities and at the same time may be subject to abuse by judges while a rigid system, which leaves no room for judicial discretion is likely to
lead to injustice in certain cases. It is submitted that the very flexible nature of English law has left it full of inconsistencies and illogicalities, despite the appropriate use of judicial discretion.
The research offers a general view of modern thinking about the theoretical foundations and methodology of Shari'ah Shari 'ah recognises a variety of sources and methods from which a rule of law might be derived. Part-I of the thesis discusses the evolving principles of Islamic jurisprudence from their rudimentary sources. The specific relationship between socio-religious reality and the production of theoretical legal discourse is illustrated in Part-11 and III while dealing with the problem of intoxication
and private defence in society. It suggests that Shari'ah provides a framework in which the complex and sometimes competing needs of an individual and society can be fairly
apportioned.
The research will demonstrate that there is a well developed system of criminal law in Shari'ah that can be compared with the most developed and civilised criminal law of the contemporary world, for example, English criminal law. In order to compare the compatibility of both the legal systems, the approaches of both towards the problems of intoxication and self-defence have been taken as a parameter. Though Shari 'ah provisions seem to be predominantly prescriptive as compared to English criminal law, the comparison will show that it can provide practical solutions to problems faced by human society of any age. Shari 'ah being a revealed law is proactive in its nature. It takes action to cause changes and not only react to a change when it happens. This particular feature can be felt while dealing with the problem of intoxication. English
criminal law, on the other hand, being a positive law bears the characteristics of a reactive law. It reacts to events or changes rather than acting first to cause change or
prevent something. Another major difference between the two legal systems might be that English criminal law has passed through many evolutionary phases and reached at the present stage through the efforts of the political power and the state; whereas, Muslim states and governments throughout the centuries neither had a hand in the development of Islamic jurisprudence nor in the training and certification of jurists or jurisconsults whose task it was to formulate the law.
History suggests that using the combined forces of religion, morality and law Shari'ah has effectively eradicated social evils and created a peaceful environment for human coexistence, where every one can enjoy his rights without a fear of infringement by the others. In cases of infringement of such rights, the offender shall be liable to severe punishments. The principles of criminal liability are on a par with the corresponding principles of the English criminal law. While protecting the rights of the victim of the crime, Shari'ah does not ignore the rights of the offender for fair trail, impartial justice and liability for punishment proportional to the offence committed by him. At the same time it recognises excuse and justification defences under appropriate circumstances, as
it will be evident while comparing the defences of intoxication and self-defence with the same in English criminal law.
The study reveals that there are similarities and differences between English law and Shari'ah when considering the issue of crime and criminal liability. However, this may be considered as normal phenomenon of comparing any two different legal systems. The differences can be attributed to their sources, origin, history and nature of the social values to be protected. Similarities can be ascribed to zeal for social justice and stability.
The study of differences and similarities will provide an opportunity to illuminate our understanding of law and the process of its development. As both the systems have their
own methodology to tackle legal issues, a different approach to the similar problem will provide a fresh insight leading to revitalised solutions. It will also be helpful to understand the methodology and the legal reasoning of both the systems leading towards a better understanding of law in general and at the same time providing efficient means for improvement
Design and Comparative Analysis of an Ultra-Highly Efficient, Compact Half-Bridge LLC Resonant GaN Converter for Low-Power Applications
No full textFor low-power applications, this paper presents the development and design of a compact and ultra-highly efficient half-bridge LLC resonant converter. By using Galium Nitride (GaN) devices and high-efficient magnetics, the efficiency and power density of resonant converters can be improved. Compared to Silicon MOSFETs, GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (GaN HEMT) have a lower output capacitance and gate charge, resulting in lower driving loss and shorter dead times. Consequently, the proposed LLC converter based on GaN devices has excellent performance characteristics such as ultra-high efficiency, low switching losses, compact size, high voltage endurance, high operating temperature and high operating frequency. Furthermore, the proposed resonant converter features soft switching properties that ensure that the switches and diodes on the primary side are always switched at zero voltage and current. By doing so, LLC resonant converter switching losses are significantly reduced by up to 3.1%, and an overall efficiency of 98.5% is achieved. The LLC resonant converter design with GaN HEMT has great advantages over Si MOSFET solution regarding efficiency, overall losses, switching loose and power factor correction. A 240 W, 240 V to 60 V half-bridge GaN HEMT LLC resonant converter is simulated with a switching frequency of 75 KHz, along with the comparative analysis of the Si metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) solution. Moreover, the design and analysis of highly efficient magnetics with a power factor of 0.99 at full load is presented. A 240-Watt single stage LED driver with power factor correction is also designed to verify and compare the performance of proposed LLC resonant converter
Does Knowledge Management Influence the Customer's Satisfaction and Intention to Quit? Mediating Role of Customer Relationship Management
No full textInternational audienceSatisfied customers are worthy assets for any organization. This study helps in understanding how important is to retain and enlarge these assets by minimizing the intention to quit and maximizing the satisfaction of customers. This research explores the importance of knowledge management and customer relationship management in order to retain advantageous and long-term bonds with customers in hotel industry. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of knowledge management on customers' satisfaction and intention to quit by concentrating on the mediating role of customer relationship management. Data were collected by applying simple random sampling from employees and customers of hotels in Gujranwala. Results indicated that knowledge management has significant and positive relationships with customers' satisfaction. Moreover, knowledge management is negatively and significantly related to intention to quit. Additionally, customer relationship management also significantly mediates the relationship between knowledge management and customers' satisfaction & intention to quit
Intelligent Sensors for dc Fault Location Scheme Based on Optimized Intelligent Architecture for HVdc Systems
No full textWe develop a probabilistic model for determining the location of dc-link faults in MT-HVdc networks using discrete wavelet transforms (DWTs), Bayesian optimization, and multilayer artificial neural networks (ANNs) based on local information. Likewise, feedforward neural networks (FFNNs) are trained using the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation (LMBP) method, which multi-stage BO optimizes for efficiency. During training, the feature vectors at the sending terminal of the dc link are selected based on the norm values of the observed waveforms at various frequency bands. The multilayer ANN is trained using a comprehensive set of offline data that takes the denoising scheme into account. This choice not only helps to reduce the computational load but also provides better accuracy. An overall percentage error of 0.5144% is observed for the proposed algorithm when tested against fault resistances ranging from 10 to 485 Ω. The simulation results show that the proposed method can accurately estimate the fault site to a precision of 485 Ω and is more robust
Bismuth-Nanoparticles-Embedded Porous Carbon Derived from Seed Husks as High-Performance for Anode Energy Electrode
No full textIn energy application technology, the anode part of the electrode is typically composed of carbon-coated materials that exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. The carbon-coated electrodes facilitate electrochemical reactions involving the fuel and the oxidant. Energy electrodes are used in stationary power plants to generate electricity for the grid. These large-scale installations are known as distributed generation systems and contribute to grid stability and reliability. Understanding the practical applications of energy materials remains a significant hurdle in the way of commercialization. An anode electrode has one key limitation, specifically with alloy-type candidates, as they tend to exhibit rapid capacity degradation during cycling due to volume expansion. Herein, biomass-derived carbon from sunflowers (seeds husks) via pyrolysis and then bismuth nanoparticles are treated with carbon via a simple wet-chemical method. The electrode Bi@C offers several structural advantages, such as high capacity, good cycling stability, and exceptional capability at the current rate of 500 mA g−1, delivering a capacity of 731.8 mAh g−1 for 200 cycles. The biomass-derived carbon coating protects the bismuth nanoparticles and contributes to enhanced electronic conductivity. Additionally, we anticipate the use of low-cost biomass with hybrid composition has the potential to foster environment-friendly practices in the development of next-generation advanced fuel cell technology
Dynamical study of different types of soliton solutions with bifurcation, chaos and sensitivity analysis to the non-linear coupled Schrödinger model
No full textAbstract This study presents an analytical and dynamical examination of the non-linear coupled Schrödinger model, which describes non-linear wave propagation in dispersive and memory-dependent media. The model involves M-truncated and Beta derivatives. By applying the modified -expansion function method, we obtained linear and rational forms of trigonometric and hyperbolic trigonometric solutions. The behavior of solutions under different parameters is further analyzed using the bifurcation technique. Additionally, the study demonstrates chaotic behavior, non-linear coupled Schrödinger model. Sensitivity analysis is also conducted to illustrate the influence of small variations in system parameters on the overall dynamics. This model yields various types of solutions, including singular complexiton, singular periodic, singular bell or singular bright, singular shape, kink, anti-kink, bright and dark soliton waves. These solutions are graphically illustrated using 2D, 3D and contour plots for suitable parameter values to reflect the physical behavior of the system. The results of this study are expected to be highly beneficial in diverse scientific fields and complex investigations
Optimizing machine learning algorithms for fault classification in rolling bearings: A Bayesian Optimization approach
No full textModern power machinery is inherently complex and operates under dynamic operating conditions, so they demand advanced solutions based on deep learning to diagnose bearing faults inside rotating equipment that cause unplanned downtime and safety issues, leading to operational challenges. However, most deep learning approaches aim to improve performance by incorporating hybrid neural networks that rely on multiple convolutional and temporal units, often overlooking optimizing the large number of hyperparameters that define the structure and performance of hybrid models along with the associated computational constraints. To address this gap, this study presents an innovative approach for the detection and classification of bearing faults by integrating an optimized sparse deep autoencoder (DAE) with a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory model (Bi-LSTM). The optimal network structure and hyperparameters are determined through Bayesian optimization (BO) with parallel settings, which automatically searches for network configurations that improve the feature extraction ability of the DAE and the generalization ability of the Bi-LSTM for more efficient fault classification in rolling bearings. Parallel optimization accelerates network structure and hyperparameter tuning by evaluating multiple configurations at once. It leverages the full potential of available multi-core Central Processing Units (CPUs)/Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) in conjunction with a lightweight BO surrogate model. This autonomous and user-friendly framework generates inputs from principal component analysis for linear and BO-DAE for non-linear feature extraction and selection, which are then used to train a BO-enhanced Bi-LSTM. This three-stage optimized method effectively captures spatial and temporal dependencies in vibrational signals, achieving superior efficiency, accuracy, and reliability compared to shallow and deep learning models. Evaluation metrics, including macro precision (99.50 %), recall (99.60 %), F1-Score (99.57 %), and Cohen's Kappa metric (Cκ = 99.53 %), demonstrate the efficacy of our approach for bearing fault classification in industrial applications
Bifurcations, chaotic behaviour, sensitivity analysis, and diverse soliton structures for fractional nonlinear Kraenkel-Manna-Merle system adopting two techniques
No full textThe generalized Riccati equation mapping method and the modified extended tanh-function are the two analytical techniques that are used to solve the nonlinear fractional-order differential equations. The Riemann Liouville sense is used to define the fractional derivative in Jumaries. Through saturated ferromagnetic materials with negligible conductivity, a nonlinear ultrashort wave pulse moves according to the fractional Kraenkel-Manna-Merle system. A number of families of analytical solutions to the fractional Kraenkel-Manna Merle model are produced by applying the proposed methods. When the proper values are given to the parameters, these methods successfully recover both hyperbolic and trigonometric solutions. The contour, 3D, and 2D graphs are given to illustrate how the parameters affect these solutions. In addition, phase portrait characterization is performed and the system is converted into a planar dynamical structure. Furthermore, the dynamical system’s sensitivity examination verifies that even small changes to the starting circumstances will not significantly affect the solution’s stability
Investigation of the dynamical structures of double-chain deoxyribonucleic acid model in biological sciences
No full textAbstract The present research investigates the double-chain deoxyribonucleic acid model, which is important for the transfer and retention of genetic material in biological domains. This model is composed of two lengthy uniformly elastic filaments, that stand in for a pair of polynucleotide chains of the deoxyribonucleic acid molecule joined by hydrogen bonds among the bottom combination, demonstrating the hydrogen bonds formed within the chain’s base pairs. The modified extended Fan sub equation method effectively used to explain the exact travelling wave solutions for the double-chain deoxyribonucleic acid model. Compared to the earlier, now in use methods, the previously described modified extended Fan sub equation method provide more innovative, comprehensive solutions and are relatively straightforward to implement. This method transforms a non-linear partial differential equation into an ODE by using a travelling wave transformation. Additionally, the study yields both single and mixed non-degenerate Jacobi elliptic function type solutions. The complexiton, kink wave, dark or anti-bell, V, anti-Z and singular wave shapes soliton solutions are a few of the creative solutions that have been constructed utilizing modified extended Fan sub equation method that can offer details on the transversal and longitudinal moves inside the DNA helix by freely chosen parameters. Solitons propagate at a consistent rate and retain their original shape. They are widely used in nonlinear models and can be found everywhere in nature. To help in understanding the physical significance of the double-chain deoxyribonucleic acid model, several solutions are shown with graphics in the form of contour, 2D and 3D graphs using computer software Mathematica 13.2. All of the requisite constraint factors that are required for the completed solutions to exist appear to be met. Therefore, our method of strengthening symbolic computations offers a powerful and effective mathematical tool for resolving various moderate nonlinear wave problems. The findings demonstrate the system’s potentially very rich precise wave forms with biological significance. The fundamentals of double-chain deoxyribonucleic acid model diffusion and processing are demonstrated by this work, which marks a substantial development in our knowledge of double-chain deoxyribonucleic acid model movements
