16 research outputs found
Pandangan Ulama Kalimantan Selatan Terhadap Bandara King Abdul Aziz Jeddah Sebagai Miqat Haji/Umrah
No full textH. Ahmad Shafwani, Pandangan Ulama Kalimantan Selatan Terhadap Bandara King Abdul Aziz Jeddah Sebagai Miqat Haji/Umrah, di bawah bimbingan Prof. Dr. H. Yusran Salman, Lc. dan Prof. Dr. H. Asmaran. AS, M.A pada program Pasca Sarjana IAIN Antasari Banjarmasin, 2013
Penggunaan pesawat udara yang langsung mendarat di bandara King Abdul Aziz Jeddah yang menjadi persoalan miqat haji Indonesia merupakan persoalan ijtihadi yang hingga saat ini menjadi perdebatan di kalangan para ulama di Indonesia. Persoalan miqat haji Indonesia terus mendapat respon ijtihad dan fatwa dari para ulama Indonesia baik yang di Tanah Haram maupun yang berada di Indonesia. Sebagian jamaah haji Indonesia dibuat gelisah dengan hal ini, karena menyangkut kesempurnaan ibadah haji mereka. Pada tanggal 29 Maret 1980 M lahirlah fatwa pertama dari Majelis Ulama Indonesia yang menyatakan sah bagi jamaah haji Indonesia memulai ihram dari Bandara King Abdul Aziz Jeddah. Fatwa ini tidak sepenuhnya dapat meyakinkan masyarakat muslim Indonesia karena masih banyak para ulama Indonesia dengan perbedaan latar belakang organisasi sosial keagamaannya menolak kehadiran fatwa ini. Karena itu pada tanggal 19 September 1981 fatwa ini dikukuhkan dengan fatwa kedua dalam perihal yang sama ditambah dengan argument-argumen fatwa yang menguatkannya. Namun demikian tetap masih mengundang keraguan sejumlah tokoh dan para ulama Indonesia.
Untuk itu penulis merasa perlu untuk meneliti hal tersebut karena pentingnya masalah ini untuk dibahas sebagai sumbangan terhadap ilmu pengetahuan dan kebutuhan masyarakat. Setelah melakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan jenis dan pendekatan, yaitu jenis penelitian ini merupakan hukum empiris mengenai pandangan ulama Kalimantan Selatan terhadap Bandara King Abdul Aziz sebagai miqat makani dengan menggali dan memperoleh data yang diinginkan secara objektif dan dapat dipertanggung jawabkan. Sedangkan pendekatan sosiologis dengan mengkaji bagaimana pelaksanaan miqat makani jamah haji/umrah. Sejauh pengamatan penulis, ditemukan bahwa pandangan para ulama fiqih dari berbagai mazhab, sejarah penyelenggaran haji, fase-fase dan rute perjalan haji Indonesia dari era transportasi lautan hingga transportasi udara, pandangan para ulama Kalimantan Selatan dengan berbagai variasi latar belakang organisasi sosial keagamaan, dan fatwa majelis Ulama Indonesia, untuk itu penulis dapat menjelaskan hal-hal sebagai berikut :
Al-Qur‟an hanya menjelaskan ketentuan hukum miqat zamani haji secara global (ijma‟). Ketentuan rincian hukum miqat makani haji hanya ditemukan dalam hadis Nabi, yaitu Dzu al-Hulaifah, Juhfah, al-Qarn, Yalamlam dan Dzat Irqin. Pada masa pra Indonesia merdeka miqat haji Indonesia dimulai di daerah lautan yang sejajar dengan posisi Yalamlam, karena rute yang dipergunakan melalui Kolombo menuju pelabuhan Jeddah dengan transportasi kapal laut. Pada fase pemerintahan orde baru, sejak tahun 1966, miqat Indonesia diambil di tempat
yang berbeda sesuai dengan alat transportasi yang dipergunakan. Bagi yang menempuh perjalanan haji angkutan laut miqat makani mereka di daerah lautan yang sejajar dengan posisi Yalamlam. Sedangkan mereka yang mempergunakan angkutan udara sebagian ada yang berihram di bandara embarkasi dan di pesawat sebagai sikap kehati-hatian, dan ada pula yang berihram di Bandara King Abdul Aziz Jeddah. Hal ini terjadi hingga masa pemerintahan orde baru sampai tahun 1978. Sedangkan setelah tahun ini, secara berbeda miqat haji diambil di bandara embarkasi, di pesawat dan dibandara embarkasi King Abdul Aziz Jeddah.
Dalam menjawab bagaimana hukumnya jamaah haji Indonesia yang mengambil miqat di Bandara King Abdul Aziz Jeddah, mayoritas ulama Arab Saudi berpandangan tidak sah termasuk Syeikh Yasin Isa Padang. Ada sebagian ulama Arab Saudi yang berpandangan berbeda (sah) termasuk Syeikh Abdul Hamid Muhammad Amin al-Banjari. Para ulama Indonesia dengan variasi latar belakang organisasi sosial keagamaanya terbagi kedalam dua kelompok, Pertama; mengatakan tidak sah hukumnya mengambil miqat di Bandara King Abdul Aziz Jeddah, kelompok pertama di presentasikan oleh SA, IR, AK dan UM. Kedua : mengatakan bahwa mengambil miqat di Bandara King Abdul Aziz Jeddah itu sah hukumnya. Kelompok kedua ini dipresentasikan oleh AR, US, MN. Untuk itu Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) mengeluarkan fatwa sahnya mengambil miqat di Bandara King Abdul Aziz Jeddah
Development of RAPD technique for plant DNA fingerprinting in Malaysia
No full textRandom amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers have been
widely used in analysis of plant genetic diversity, particularly at species and infraspecific
levels. In this research, RAPD was used to study the genetic markers of plants.
Three plants selected for this study are Mitragyna speciosa, Nicotiana spp., L and
Centella asiatica. RAPD analysis was carried using seven arbitrary primers of 10 base
pair each. Polymerase chain reaction was optimized by varying the DNA concentration,
primer concentration and annealing temperature. Each species is represented by the
number of scorable band produced. Further optimization is required in order to obtain
better quality and quantity of PCR products
Cytotoxic effects of damnacanthal and damnacanthal-doxorubicin combination on human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7)
No full textDamnacanthal is a biologically active antraquinone derivative isolated from roots of Morinda sp., belonging to the Rubiaceae family. This plant has a long history of use
as a food in tropical regions throughout the world. The purpose of this study was to examine the in vitro cytotoxicity effect of damnacanthal and combination of
damnacanthal with doxorubicin on human breast carcinoma (MCF-7). MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxic properties of damnacanthal towards various cancer cell lines, normal cell lines and immune cells. Results showed that damnacanthal displayed strong killing effect towards the cancerous cell lines and moderate effect towards normal cells lines. Among the cancer cell lines, damnacanthal showed strong cytotoxic towards MCF-7 cells with CD50 8.2 ± 0.7 μg/mL after 72 hours treatment period. In contrast, no cytotoxicity was detected in primary mouse splenocytes, mouse thymocytes and mouse bone marrow. In particular, damnacanthal showed cytotoxicity in a dose- and time-dependent manner in the MTT assay. Thus, MCF-7 cells were used to determine the mode of cell death with damnacanthal alone and combination with doxorubicin. In the cell viability assay, the percentage viability of MCF-7 cells is lower when the cells are treated with combination of damnacanthal and doxorubicin than doxorubicin alone. In the
cell cycle with flow cytometry analysis, damnacanthal arrested the cell cycle of MCF-7 cells at G1 phase and doxorubicin arrested at G2/M phase. The percentage
population of MCF-7 cells enter sub G0 phase are increased when the cells were treated with combination of damnacanthal and doxorubicin. The mode of cell death
was mainly apoptosis by acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) dual staining method and Annexin V-FITC/PI assays. Gross morphology of treated cells observed through AO/PI showed the presence of blebbings cells, chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, indicating apoptosis. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining showed that substantial early apoptotic cells were detected in MCF-7 cells treated with
damncanthal alone and in combination with doxorubicin. The changes of percentage intracellular proteins were analyzed using flow cytometer. The percentage of Bcl-2 protein is higher than p53 protein in the control group. While in the treatment group, the percentage of Bcl-2 protein decreased significantly and p53 protein increased significantly. The changes of expression level of apoptotic related genes caused by damnacanthal and doxorubicin were profiled using multiplex gene expression profiler (GeXP). The expression levels of genes that give significant signal were not
much different at 12 and 24 hours. Out of 15 genes that were analyzed, four genes showed detection in expression level; BAX, p21, caspase-3 and caspase-7. The expression of these pro-apoptotic genes is up-regulated in the treated group compared to control. Among the treated group, the combination treatment of damnacanthal and doxorubicin showed higher expression level of these pro-apoptotic
genes. The findings in the intracellular protein detection and changes in the expression level of apoptotic related genes reflect that the mechanism of damnacanthal induced apoptosis in the human breast cancer cells was by the intrinsic and caspases induction pathway. In conclusion, damnacanthal is more toxic towards cancer cell lines rather than normal cell lines and primary cells and showed the
potential use as a promising agent for apoptosis induction alone and/or with combination with doxorubicin. The induction of apoptosis involved important proapoptotic
genes which are BAX, p53, p51 caspase-3 and caspase-7
Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Passiflora edulis Extract
No full textPassion fruit is a type of wild exotic plant in Malaysia. Common passion fruits planted in Malaysia are Passiflora edulis Sims (purple) and Passiflora edulis var flavicarpa (yellow). These fruits contain a high amount of antioxidants, polyphenols and vitamin C and are widely used as fruit juice, jam, and syrup product. However, there is a lack of information about the nutritional composition of the juice and seed of P. edulis (purple) cultivated in Malaysia. This study aims to determine the total phenolic contents, antioxidant activity and Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) content of P. edulis (purple) using two different solvent extraction, 70% of ethanol and 70% of methanol. The total phenolic content (TPC) was carried out by using Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) method, while the antioxidant activity was analysed using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay to determine the IC50 value of extracted samples. Ascorbic acid content from fresh juice and seeds samples was analysed by using Indophenol (DCPIP) method. The result showed that the extraction using ethanol produced the highest TPC with 9.249±0.04 mg GAE/g in seeds and 0.0139±0.02 mg GAE/g in juice, respectively. The lowest IC50 value was obtained by sample extracted with ethanol, which was 83.85±4.66 mg/L in seed and 305.47±5.28 mg/L in juice. The seed sample (53.68±4.95 mg/100mg) exhibited a high ascorbic acid content compared to the juice sample (46.66±3.28 mg/100mg). In conclusion, seeds of P. edulis possessed the strongest antioxidant activity and vitamin C content. This study could contribute to information regarding the phytochemical constituents and suitable solvent for extraction of phenolic compounds that can act as antioxidants and thus promote health effects on the human body
Characterization of voltage-gated sodium channel subtypes expressed in the human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line TE671
No full textThe TE671 cell line has been widely used as a model of human medulloblastoma1
. Further
analysis showed that its phenotypic and cytogenetic properties were similar to the human muscle RD cell line,
hence, TE671 was ascribed as rhabdomyosarcoma rather than medulloblastoma2
. Previous studies showed that
TE671 cells exhibited voltage-gating properties, cation selectivity and neurotoxin sensitivity-characteristic of
‘classical’ sodium channels of excitable cell
Evaluation of the DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity, Total Phenolic Content and Total Flavanoid Content of Different Solvent Extracts of Catunaregam tomentosa (Blume ex DC) Tirveng Leaves
No full textCatunaregam tomentosa (Blume ex DC) Tirveng is commonly known as Khet in Thailand and Bisa Ular or
Badang in Malaysia. The tree is widely distributed in the north-east region of Thailand while in Malaysia
the tree usually grows in the open waterfront area at Terengganu. This plant belongs to the Rubiaceae
family, and the genus catunaregam has interesting pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory,
antispasmodic, antidysenteric, antifertility and immunomodulatory. In this study, the leaves were
extracted using dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Total phenolic was determined by FolinCiocalteau method are 115.0 ± 1.135, 340.8 ± 3.209 and 30.24 ± 1.702 mg GAE/g with dichloromethane,
ethanol, and ethyl acetate, respectively. Total flavonoid was determined by the aluminium chloride
calorimetric method are 47.01 ± 0.577, 56.78 ± 1.970 and 40.89 ± 1.079 mg QE/g with dichloromethane,
ethanol, and ethyl acetate, respectively. Meanwhile, its antioxidant activity was evaluated by the 2,2-
diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The ethanolic extract was found to have the highest percentages
of phenolic and flavonoid content. The ethanolic extract also demonstrated strong DPPH scavenging
activity with IC50 at 20.07 ± 0.51µg/mL
Evaluation of the DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity, Total Phenolic Content and Total Flavonoid Content of Different Solvent Extracts of Catunaregam tomentosa (Blume ex DC) Tirveng Leaves
No full textCatunaregam tomentosa (Blume ex DC) Tirveng is commonly known as Khet in Thailand and Bisa Ular or Badang in Malaysia. The tree is widely distributed in the north-east region of Thailand while in Malaysia the tree usually grows in the open waterfront area at Terengganu. This plant belongs to the Rubiaceae family, and the genus catunaregam has interesting pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antidysenteric, antifertility and immunomodulatory. In this study, the leaves were extracted using dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Total phenolic was determined by Folin-Ciocalteau method while total flavonoid was determined by the aluminium chloride calorimetric method. Meanwhile, its antioxidant activity was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The ethanolic extract was found to have the highest percentages of phenolic and flavonoid content. Interestingly, ethanolic extract also demonstrated strong DPPH scavenging activity with IC50 at 20.07 ± 0.51µg/mL
Damnacanthal: a promising compound as a medicinal anthraquinone
No full textThe Noni fruit, or scientifically known as Morinda citrifolia can be found in various parts of the world, especially in the pacific region. It is a small evergreen bushy-like tree originated from the Rubiaceae family. The plant has been used by polynesians as a medicinal herb for more than 2000 years. A substantial amount of phytochemicals can be found in the roots of this plant. Among all, damnacanthal has been found to be the most interesting, versatile and potent compound. Damnacanthal or chemically known as, 3- hydroxy-1-methoxyanthraquinone-2-caboxaldehyde (C16H10O5), appears as pale yellow crystals with a melting point of 210-211 °C. This compound is of particular interest due to its striking pharmacological properties. Damnacanthal was shown to inhibit the oncogene Ras, p56lck tyrosine kinase, NF-KB pathway and induce apoptosis in vitro. This review aims to discuss the biological properties of damnacanthal, specifically on its anti-cancer activity that has been reported
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on depression, anxiety, and stress among teachers in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study
No full textIntroduction: Educational sector in Malaysia had been severely affected by COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the erratic nature of COVID-19 cases in Malaysia for the past two years, teaching style has shifted back and forth between home-based teaching and learning (PdPR) sessions and face-to-face teaching. Teachers must be prepared for any unanticipated shifts that occurred throughout the pandemic due to the implementation of movement control orders that resulted in school closures. Thus, this study aims to measure the depression, anxiety, stress, and quality of life among Malaysian teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Between March 21st and June 1st, 2021, 391 teachers completed Google form questionnaires containing the DASS-21, SF-36, and socio-demographic data, which were distributed online via WhatsApp, Telegram, Twitter, and Facebook. Results: : According to the findings of this study, most teachers (55.5 %) were anxious, followed by depression (39.9 %) and stress (27.6 %). Depression, anxiety, and stress were all statistically related to age (p<0.05), marital status (p<0.01), and the number of children (p<0.05). When it came to quality of life, teachers had the highest physical functioning score about 86 but the lowest vitality at 62.3. All domains of quality of life were found negatively correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress (p<0.05). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the depression, anxiety, and stress among the Malaysian teachers. To improve teachers’ well-being and mental health, effective policies, guidelines, and planning, as well as massive resources and support from administrative authorities, would be necessary
Quality of life and its association with psychological status among work-from-home parents during the Covid 19 pandemic
No full textIntroduction: The pandemic COVID-19 has profoundly disrupted the social and economic activities that lead to the trend of work from home. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress and their associations with quality of life among parents who work from home during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shah Alam. Methods: A total of 384 parents were included in this cross-sectional study through convenience and snowball sampling techniques. An online survey methodology, Google Form, involving Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Screening 21 Item Questionnaire and Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire were utilized to collect the data via WhatsApp, Facebook, and Telegram. Descriptive analysis, binary logistic regression, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used to analyse the recorded data using SPSS version 26. Results: Majority of participants were 40 - 49 years old, female, Malay, married and have three numbers of children. It was found that about 58.3%, 59.1%, and 38.8% of the participants were having depressed, anxious, and stressed, respectively. However, the findings indicated lower mean scores among participants in all SF-36 domains except vitality when compared with the Malaysian norm. Marital status was associated with depression and gender was associated with anxiety. No sociodemographic variable was associated with stress. All domains of SF-36 were negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusion: Higher level of depression, anxiety, and stress reduced the quality of life. Hence, effective interventions for better psychological status and quality of life of parents during a potential subsequent pandemic is necessary
