92 research outputs found
Co-application of salicylic acid and potassium induce salinity tolerance by modulating ion homeostasis, chlorophyll pigments and photosynthetic apparatus in wheat
No full textEffect of foliar application of potassium on wheat tolerance to salt stress.
No full textSalinity stress severely hampers wheat productivity by impairing growth, photosynthesis, and metabolic balance. Potassium nutrition, however, can mitigate these effects by supporting physiological and biochemical stability. This study assessed the impact of foliar potassium application (0, 200 and 400 ppm) on two wheat cultivars, Galaxy-13 and Uqab-2000, exposed to normal (0 mM NaCl) and saline conditions (100 and 150 mM NaCl, respectively). Salinity significantly reduced root and shoot growth, biomass, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance. Potassium supplementation, particularly at 400 ppm, alleviated these reductions, with Galaxy-13 showing a 32.01% increase in shoot length and a 45.11% increase in shoot dry weight compared to Uqab-2000. Biochemical analyses revealed that Galaxy-13 sustained higher nitrate and nitrite reductase activities (6.23 and 3.63 μmol NO2 g-1 FW h-1, respectively) and total soluble proteins (10.1 mg g-1 FW), whereas Uqab-2000 accumulated more soluble sugars and free amino acids under stress (9.8 and 19.8 mg g-1 FW, respectively). Oxidative stress indicators (malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide) rose under salinity, but potassium reduced their levels, with Galaxy-13 exhibiting stronger antioxidant regulation. Nutrient profiling further demonstrated that Galaxy-13 maintained higher N, P, and K contents and minimized Na uptake, unlike Uqab-2000, which showed severe ionic imbalance. Multivariate analyses (PCA, heatmap, and correlation) highlighted strong positive associations of potassium, especially K400, with biomass accumulation, photosynthetic efficiency, and nutrient homeostasis. The findings establish that Galaxy-13 possesses superior salinity tolerance and responds more favorably to potassium nutrition. This study provides novel evidence that cultivar-specific potassium management can enhance wheat resilience in saline environments, offering a practical strategy for sustaining yield under stress
Nano-Biochar Suspension Mediated Alterations in Growth, Physio-Biochemical Activities and Nutrient Content in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at the Vegetative Stage
No full textNano-biochar is a source of blackish carbonaceous material, a prerequisite for sustainable crop productivity. By using a variety of feedstock materials, nanobiochar synthesis can be employed via pyrolysis. Therefore, a project was initiated to explore the morpho-physio-biochemical alteration at the vegetative stage of wheat crops after the foliar application of nanobiochar suspension (NBS). This investigation was conducted at the Botanical Research Area of the University of Lahore in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) arrangement, with four treatments (0, 1, 3, and 5% NBS) by maintaining three replications for each treatment using the wheat variety “Zincol”. Nano biochar suspension in above mentioned concentrations were foliarly applied at the end of tillering/beginning of leaf sheath elongation of wheat seedlings to assess the morphological changes (root length, shoot length, number of leaves, fresh biomass/plant, dry biomass/plant), physio-biochemical alterations (total free amino acids, total sugars, chlorophyll content, protein, phenols, flavonoids), and nutrient uptake (Na, K, Ca, Mg, N, P contents. Our findings indicate that the foliar application of 3% NBS yielded the most favorable results across all measured attributes. Furthermore, Treatment-4 (5% NBS) specifically improved certain traits, including leaf area, total soluble proteins, and leaf calcium content. Finally, all NBS resulted in a decrease in carotenoid and sodium content in wheat seedlings
Nano-Biochar Suspension Mediated Alterations in Yield and Juice Quality of Kinnow (Citrus reticulata L.)
No full textNutrient deficiency negatively affects the yield and quality of citrus fruit. The present experiment was carried out to investigate the improvement in fruit yield and juice quality of Kinnow (Citrus reticulata L.) by foliar application of nano-biochar suspension (NBS). The experiment was carried out in a citrus farmer’s orchard with a history of low fruit yield, using a randomized complete block design. Four NBS treatments, i.e., 0% (control), 1, 3, and 5%, were applied through foliar application at the flowering stage. Foliar application of NBS at 5% and 3% significantly (p < 0.05) improved flowering, fruit retention, fruit set, fruit size, length, weight, diameter, juice volume levels, and minimized fruit dropping. The electrical conductivity of the juice was significantly decreased by increases in NBS concentration. Total dissolved solids increased slightly with treatments as compared to control. However, NBS foliar application did not show significant effects on nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and sodium (Na) leaf contents, but had some effect on phosphorus (P) content. Principal component analysis and a correlation matrix revealed significant (p < 0.05) positive and negative associations among the studied traits. The results of the current experiment showed that all parameters were significantly improved with the application of NBS at 3 and 5%, except that N, K, and Na levels were unaffected. The most encouraging results were achieved at a concentration of 5% NBS. In conclusions, the foliar application of NBS had a significant positive impact on fruit yield and juice quality
Lead Toxicity-Mediated Growth and Metabolic Alterations at Early Seedling Stages of Maize (Zea mays L.)
No full textTo investigate the toxic effects of lead (Pb) on key metabolic activities essential for proper germination and seedling growth of maize seeds, experiments were carried out with different levels of Pb (0 to 120 mg of Pb L−1 as PbCl2) applied through growth medium to two maize hybrids H-3310S and H-6724. The research findings indicated that growth and metabolic activities were adversely affected by increased Pb contamination in growth medium; however, a slow increase in these parameters was recorded with increasing time from 0 to 120 h. Protease activity decreased with an increase in the level of Pb contamination but increased with time; consequently, a reduction in seed proteins and an increase in total free amino acids were observed with time. Similarly, α-amylase activity decreased with an increase in Pb concentration in growth medium while it increased with increasing time from 0 to 120 h; consequently, reducing and non-reducing sugars increased with time but decreased with exposure to lead. The roots of both maize hybrids had higher Pb contents than those of the shoot, which decreased the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. All these nutrients are essential for optimal plant growth; therefore, the reduction in growth and biomass of maize seedlings could be due to Pb toxicity that altered metabolic processes, as sugar and amino acids are necessary for the synthesis of metabolic compounds, rapid cell division, and proper functioning of enzymes in the growing embryo, but all were dramatically reduced due to suppression of protease and α-amylase by toxicity of Pb. In general, hybrid H-3310S performed better in Pb-contaminated growth medium than H-6724
Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Induced Growth and Physio-Biochemical Changes in Maize (Zea mays L.) in Saline Soil
No full textResearch on nanoparticles (NPs) is gaining great attention in modulating abiotic stress tolerance and improving crop productivity. Therefore, this investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) on growth and biochemical characteristics in two maize hybrids (YH-5427 and FH-1046) grown under normal conditions or subjected to saline
stress. A pot-culture experiment was carried out in the Botanical Research Area of “the University of Lahore”, Lahore, Pakistan, in a completely randomized design. At two phenological stages, both maize hybrids were irrigated with the same amount of distilled water or NaCl solution (EC = 5 dS m−1) and subjected or not to foliar treatment with a suspension of CuO-NPs. The salt stress significantly reduced the photosynthetic parameters (photosynthetic rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance), while the sodium content in the shoot and root increased. The foliar spray with CuO-NPs improved the growth and photosynthetic attributes, along with the N, P, K, Ca, and Mg content in the roots and shoots. However, the maize hybrid YH-5427 responded better than the other hybrid to the saline stress when sprayed with CuO-NPs. Overall, the findings of the current investigation demonstrated that CuO-NPs can help to reduce the adverse effects of salinity stress on maize plants by improving growth and physio-biochemical attributes
A reappraisal of attitudes to the 'People of the Book' in the Qur'an and hadith, with particular reference to Muslim fiscal policy and the covenant of 'Umar
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Istihsan (juristic preference) : the forgotten principle of Islamic law
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Alleviation of salt stress in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) through seed treatments
No full textThe study was carried out to assess whether salt tolerance could be improved in pearl
millet at the germination stage and vegetative stages by soaking the seeds of two
cultivars, IC-8206 and 18-BY, for 8 h in distilled water, 150 molm NaCl ,
or polyethylene glycol (PEG-8000, -0.672 MPa), or by subjecting the seeds to chilling
(5 °C) or heating (60 °C) for two days. Germination of both treated
and non-treated seeds of both the cultivars was assessed for 8 days in Hoagland
solution amended with 0 or 150 molm NaCl. Chilling, and to a lesser extent,
PEG, increased the final germination percentage but not the germination rate of both
the cultivars under both saline and non-saline conditions. Chilling alleviated the adverse
effect of salt stress on IC-8206 in terms of fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots
following 42 d in sand culture that received 150 mol NaClm. Chilling also
reduced Cl accumulation and, to a lesser extent, that of Na, and enhanced
K and Ca accumulation in the shoots and roots of both cultivars under
both saline and non-saline substrates. The reverse was true in plants raised
from seeds treated with NaCl or PEG.Réduction du stress salin du mil à chandelle (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.)
par le traitement des semences. L'étude a été conduite pour évaluer si la tolérance
au sel peut être améliorée dans le mil à chandelle au stade germinatif et végétatif
par trempage des semences de 2 variétés (IC-8206 et 18-BY) durant 8 h dans de l'eau
distillé, avec 150 molm NaCl, ou du polyéthylène glycol (PEG-8000,
-0.672 MPa), ou en soumettant les semences au froid (5 °C) ou à la chaleur
(60 °C) pendant 2 jours. La germination des semences traitées ou non des 2 variétés
a été testée pendant 8 jours dans une solution de Hoagland additionnée avec 0 ou
150 molm NaCl. Le passage au froid et, dans une moindre mesure, le PEG
ont augmenté le pourcentage de germination finale mais n'ont pas affecté le taux
de germination des 2 variétés soumises aux conditions salines et non salines.
Le refroidissement a réduit l'effet néfaste du stress salin sur IC-8206 en terme
de poids frais et sec des tiges et des racines après 42 jours de culture dans le sable
qui avait reçu 150 molm NaCl. Le refroidissement a aussi réduit l'accumulation
de Cl et de manière moins importante celle de Na, et a augmenté les accumulations
de K et de Ca dans les tiges et les racines des 2 variétés pour les substrats
salins ou non. L'effet inverse fut vrai pour les plantes cultivées à partir
de semences traitées avec NaCl ou PEG
Underutilized Vegetables: A Tool to Address Nutritional Issues, Poverty Reduction and Food Security
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