1,500 research outputs found
Modern Arabic literary biography : a study of character portrayal in the works of Egyptian biographers of the first half of the twentieth century, with special reference to literary biography
No full textIn Chapter one, I presented a comparative definition of the meaning of Sirah (PI.Siyar), Tarjamah (Pl. Tarajim), Manaqib, Tabaqat and Maghazi as they were understood in antiquity. I also showed how the meaning of Sirah in modern times has only narrowly developed. Although the method of biographical writing continuously developed in Europe, it hardly progressed in Modem Arabic Literature. The only exception was seen in the writings by the pioneers of enlightenment in Egypt at the beginning of the twentieth century. This change of direction relied on borrowing European methodology in biographical writing.
In chapter two, I reviewed the early attempts at writing biographies in the nineteenth century by Abd al Rahman al- Jabarti and Ali Mubarak. Although both were the first
pioneers in this respect, yet they followed the footpath of classical approach above all that of al-Maqarizi from whom -Ali Mubarak derived inspiration in his book Al-Khitat al-Tawfiqiyyah.
In chapter three, I studied the twentieth century, starting with traditional biography writers who could not employ European methodologies and whose writings oscillated between biographical notes and biographical sketches; or whose texts were more of a literary study than a biography proper.
In chapters four to nine, I selected the most renowned, productive writers who best represented methodologies of biography writing. Perhaps certain writers have not
been mentioned in this period of study. This is not out of negligence but simply because their texts were totally out of reach, or their writings did not exhibit the
required literary criteria.
All methodologies representing the theory of biography writing in Egypt have been analysed in these chapters. All, in fact, form a digestion or assimilation of French,English and German schools. In Egypt, Taha Husayn is considered the chairman of the French school, al-Mazini and al-Aqqad of the English/German schools, al-Nuwaihi of the psychoanalytical/anatomical school and Sidqi who employed both. By contrast, al Iryan was the trailblazer of the distinguished biographical novel.
In these chapters, I tried to lay out the general outlines these writers have produced in the production of biographical texts, and how these attempts were a successful step on the road of presenting literary biographies characterized by high world standards.
Chapter ten may well seem traditional, but it is important to give a comparative outlook on the views of biography writers themselves when they study and analyse
the same character.
Among the characters studied ,I selected Bashsliar, Abu Nuwas, Ibn al-Run-i, al-Mutanabbi and al-Maarri. These are outstanding landmarks in the history of Arab verse and the subject of a multitude of studies as well. Modern biographers took these figures as a test field for the deployment and employment of biographical methodologies. I selected these examples to provide comparisons and explain how far these biographies were successful in producing a biography or a profile of those classical poets.
The conclusion and the bibliographical list arrived at the end of research.
I wish, however, to clarify one important point here. It seems that I could not fix the year 1950 as the temporal parameter of my research but took some textswhich were
published shortly beyond that point. The reason for this obvious extension was either to give additional useful details or simply because chapters of such texts had already
been published prior to that year and were known to the readership.
At times I would satisfy myself with analysing the part rather than the whole. This again was meant to eschew repetition or was due to the fact that the book in question
was not available
Conclusion
No full text"The Role of 6G and Beyond on the Road to Net-Zero Carbon" has explored the transformative potential of 6G technology in addressing the urgent global challenge of climate change and achieving a net-zero carbon society. Throughout this book, we have examined various facets of 6G's contribution to sustainability, from energy-efficient hardware and architectures to innovative applications and integration with renewable energy sources.
The journey towards a net-zero carbon future requires collaborative efforts from researchers, engineers, policymakers, and industry leaders. By harnessing the power of 6G, we can create a greener and more sustainable communication infrastructure that significantly reduces carbon emissions while providing seamless connectivity and technological advancements
Manifestations of Fear in the Poetry of Taha Muhammad Ali
No full textطه محمد علي أديب فلسطيني في العقد الثامن من عمره، ابن صفورية التي أضحت أطلالاً بعد النكبة. لجأ إلى الناصرة القريبة ليواصل حياته فيها.
تعمد الدراسة إلى تقصي أسباب الخوف كما يتجلى في شعره ؛ فمن أسباب الخوف هو هذا الغموض الذي يلم بالإنسان، والعجز أمام ما يجري. ومنه ما يصيب الإنسان من شعور بالاغتراب والاستلاب، ومنه ما يتأتى نتيحة لخيبات أو آلام، أو نتيجة الحزن بمشاعره المتباينة .... وصولاً إلى التشاؤم والقلق واليأس والإحباط .... الخ.
الخوف حاضنة لهذه المظاهر بعضها أو كلها.
هذه الصور التي يقدمها طه عبر نصه صور مجسمة حسية غالبًا، حتى لو بدا أنها تنحو نحو المباشرة. إنها مباشرة "مضلّـلة"، فهي بإيحاءاتها تثير مخيلة المتلقي، فيقبس منها أجواء وتأويلات، ويشكل منها ما يجعله مشاركًا في النص منفعلاً به ...Taha Muhammad Ali, a poet in his eighties today, was born in the village of Safuriyya, destroyed during Israel’s War of Independence. He lives in Nazareth.
Our discussion focuses on manifestations of fear and horror in his poems as a result of the events through which he lived and the many experiences he had throughout his life.
The following are among the reasons for his fear: uncertainty, inability to cope, estrangement, frustration and pain. In addition he also mentions sadness, pessimism, worry and anxiety about the future and, finally, also desperation and escape.
Fear is an accompanying feature of all the preceding signs.
Taha’s poetry contains poetic images which become real, images which he creates in a simple and direct manner. But this simplicity is sometimes misleading, because it is charged with associations that arouse the imagination and induces quotation and interpretation.
In this way the poet prompts the reader, who then is able to share the poet’s experiences. 
Linguistic and extra-linguistic problems in the translation of the Holy Qur'an
No full textThis thesis is the first to study the English
translations of the : Holy Qur'an, and is mainly concerned
with the translators' approach in handling
the linguistic (lexical & syntactic) , and extra-linguistic
(variant readings & cultural ) problems of the text.
The works that are the subject of the study
are those of six English translators (Sale, Rodwell,
Palmer, Pickthall, Bell, and Arberry), as well as one
of a non-English Muslim translator from Pakistan (Maulana
Muhammad Ali).
The translators' renderings of the problematic
instances are compared with) the expositions of the
exegetes (whom the translators have been familiar with),
in order to investigate the commentators' influence
on the translators. The similarities between the
translators' renderings are also checked to find out
the degree of dependence between the translators.
The translators are found to be heavily reliant on
the exegetes. The degree of dependence between the
translators is found to be considerable. Some problems
have been resolved by means of- the context (i.e. the
text as a whole); whereas others are left unresolved.
The translations that have been studied are closer to
commentaries than the text. The main conclusion is
that the Holy Qur’an is untranslatable in the strict sense
Al-Sharif Al-Radi: His Life and Poetry
No full textThe aim of this work is to study al-Sharif al-Radl, his life and poetry. The first part deals with the poet’s environment and life; the second with his poetry. Chapter I deals with the political conditions under which the poet lived. The purpose of the second chapter is to portray Al-Radl's social environment and its reflection in contemporary poetry. The third chapter describes the literary environment of Al-Radl's age at some length. The fourth chapter aims to study Al-Radl's life in detail. The factors which influenced his outlook and personality are discussed. An attempt is made to discern how far these factors affected his poetry. The second part of this work deals with Al-Radl's poetry itself. In Chapter V historical observations are made on Al-Radl's Diwan o in both manuscript and published forms. Chapter VI deals with his panegyrics. General remarks are made on eulogy in Arabic poetry. The content, form and development of Al-Radl's panegyrical odes are analysed. His Ikhwaniyyat receive special attention. Chapter VII deals with Al-Radl's self-praise its content and form. An endeavour is made to explore the Utopian world which the poet tried to portray, Al-Radl's elegies (Ch. VIII). their content, form and characteristics are reviewed. In addition, his dirges on women receive attention. Shi ism in Al-Radl’s poetry is discussed in Chapter IX, Al-Radl’s love-poetry (Ch. X) is discussed. His Hijaziyyat receive particular attention. It is claimed that Al-Radl’s produced in his Hijaaiyyat a poetical amalgam which contains some aspects of ‘Udhrite and ’Umarite poetry. Chapter II deals with Al-Radl's poetical technique. His theories of poetical composition and his comments on other poets are examined. A comparison is made between Al-Radl and other poets both previous and contemporary. Special attention is paid to al-Mutanabbi's influence. In Chapter XII there is a broad re-assessment of Al-Radl’s place in the history of Arabic poetry
Istihsan (juristic preference) : the forgotten principle of Islamic law
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
The role of 6G in green energy generation
No full textThis chapter explores the potential impact of 6G technology on green energy generation. It outlines the benefits of using 6G in energy generation systems and discusses how 6G-supported edge computing and Artificial Intelligence (AI) can revolutionize clean energy generation. It also highlights the role of 6G-based edge computing and AI in smart grids (SGs), and how they can optimize renewable energy generation and management. Additionally, addresses the security challenges that IT-based SGs face and how 6G technology can make them safer and more reliable. Furthermore, the chapter introduces the concept of peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, which is another powerful technology supported by 6G. Finally, it combines the various 6G-supported technologies discussed into a comprehensive SG called the Energy Internet (EI). Overall, this chapter offers insights into the potential of 6G technology to enhance the efficiency and environmental friendliness of energy generation systems, paving the way for greener for a greener and more sustainable energy future
Cooperative intelligent transport systems for net-zero
No full textThis chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of net-zero ITSs and highlights the crucial role of 6G networks in ITS technology, mitigating carbon emissions. The findings underscore the significance of integrating advanced technological solutions to address the pressing global challenge of climate change. First, net-zero ITSs have emerged as a promising approach to curbing carbon emissions in the transportation sector. By leveraging intelligent systems, data analytics, and connectivity, these systems enable efficient traffic management, optimized routing, and enhanced V2V communication. The research demonstrates that the implementation of such systems can lead to substantial reductions in fuel consumption, congestion, and overall environmental impact. Furthermore, the advent of 6G technology is poised to revolutionize the transportation industry and further enhance the effectiveness of net-zero ITSs. The ultra-high-speed, low-latency, and massive connectivity capabilities of 6G enable seamless integration of various components, such as autonomous vehicles, smart infrastructure, and real-time data analytics. This integration unlocks new possibilities for optimizing transportation networks, reducing energy consumption, and improving overall sustainability. Importantly, the research reveals that the successful implementation of net-zero ITSs and 6G technology requires collaborative efforts from stakeholders across multiple domains. Policymakers, industry leaders, researchers, and the public must collaborate to establish supportive regulations, invest in infrastructure development, foster innovation, and promote public awareness. Looking ahead, this chapter provides valuable insights into the future prospects of net-zero ITSs and 6G technology. In conclusion, the convergence of net-zero ITSs and 6G technology presents an unparalleled opportunity to address carbon emissions in the transportation sector. By leveraging advanced connectivity, data analytics, and collaborative efforts, we can pave the way towards a more sustainable and environmentally conscious future
Conflict of law and the methodology of Tarjīẖ : a study in Islamic legal theory
No full textIslamic law never achieved unity but expressed itself in, at least, four surviving schools. More interestingly, contemporary Muslim communities are still divided among themselves on a number of issues related to their laws. This work describes how problem of legal conflicts have been tackled by Muslim jurists. It is an attempt to examine closely the phenomenon of conflict in Islamic law from the standpoint of usūl-al-fiqh or Islamic legal theory. In fact, much is heard nowadays of the contradiction in the body of Islamic law. Whilst in contrast, little is presented in terms of the methodology of removing this conflict. The present work therefore, attempts to redress this balance. The emphasis of the work will be concerned primarily with tarjīh methodology ; how to give preference to one piece of evidence or argument over the other when they conflict. Nevertheless, considerable concern is given to investigating the background to the conflict of law in the Shari'ah.
This study of a neglected area in Islamic legal scholarship will be an important source of reference to students, both practising and theoretical jurists or to anyone who merely wishes to increase his knowledge of legal themes, particularly legal conflict. The very aim of the work is to argue that conflict is a natural and unavoidable consequence of legal study because legal conflict is only conflicting principles and arguments adduced by both the classical and modern jurists to reach what is actually intended by God in the target case. Therefore, conflicts are inevitable in most of the cases in fiqh owing to the variety of principles set out to deal with one piece of legal evidence, let alone with all the pieces of legal evidence in question.
Tarjīh is therefore, an important and workable instrument in the re-examination of these conflicts and in arriving at the most accurate principle for establishing the law for as long as this is possible. It is hoped that the discovery of new facts and the increase of knowledge which results from the broadening and deepening of the research will positively contribute to the process of unification of Islamic law
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