1,661 research outputs found
A critical analysis of Christian responses to Islamic claims about the work of the Prophet Muhammad, ‘the Messenger of God’.
No full textThe aims of this study are to analyse critically the different Christian responses to the Islamic understanding of the work of Muhammad. Chapter one consists a short introduction leading to an appraisal of Muhammad which incorporates historical, hagiographal and Quranic source material, and in the light of relevant Christian and Muslim scholarship. The second chapter presents a summary critical analysis of Muhammad in Christian theological perspective, from 661 A.D. to modern times. Chapter three presents a critique of Christian responses to the Muslim allegations that the text of the Bible has been infected with corruption; and that Muhammad's advent and status are foretold in the unadulterated' scriptures, and in the Gospel of Barnabas. Chapter four examines the theological significance of the work of Muhammad for Christians. Thus, Jesus and Muhammad are critically assessed and contrasted in order to ascertain the importance, for Christians, of the Muslim claims in respect of Muhammad as ’the messenger of God’. Chapter five provides a critical evaluation of the various Christian responses to Muhammad. It is argued that many of the said responses have been entangled in myths and misperceptions which have severely distorted the true account of Muhammad's work. Consequently, many Christians have failed to appreciate the divine legitimacy of Muhammad's call to prophethood. Further, it is argued that Christians should accept that Muhammad is a genuine prophet, and the messenger of God. However, Muhammad's use of the power-structure in order to maintain Islam is in sharp contrast to Jesus’ decision to face the consequences of his ministry passively through faith in God. Accordingly, orthodox Christian belief in the passion, death and resurrection of Jesus provides another dimension to prophethood, where the messenger and the message become one, an identification which finds no parallel in Islam, and which, in the nature of the case, cannot find a parallel
Growth response and plant water status in forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivars subjected to decreasing levels of soil moisture
No full textA pot experiment was conducted to determine the response of two recent forage sorghum cultivars (JS-2002 and Chakwal Sorghum) and an old one (JS-263) to three levels of soil moisture (30%, 50% and 70% field capacity). Several traits were assessed addressing plant morphology, functional growth, leaf water status, biomass yield and water use efficiency (WUE). Soil moisture variation greatly affected all traits, while cultivars significantly differed in the response to drought. At low moisture the three genotypes showed similar net assimilation rate, specific leaf area, root and shoot dry weight. Conversely, at high moisture JS-2002 exhibited a higher potential than Chakwal Sorghum, in turn passing JS-263. As it concerns plant height, leaf area, leaf water potential (LWP) and relative water content (RWC), the three cultivars consistently behaved across moisture levels maintaining the same ranking between best (JS-2002) and worst performer (JS-263). Especially in LWP and RWC the gap between JS-263 and JS-2002 (LWP, -1.84 vs. -1.55 MPa; RWC, 71 vs. 78% in the two respective cultivars) points out the old genotype inadequacy to face drought. WUE outlined an increasing difference between most (S-2002) and least efficient cultivar (JS-263) at rising moisture. JS-263 also showed a higher yield response factor to water supply, meaning a stronger yield decrease under water deficit. The resilience to drought shown by recent varieties (JS-2002 and Chakwal Sorghum) is a good premise for their use in areas subjected to dry spells. Further research at field plot scale is nevertheless needed to assess actual gains in varying moisture conditions
Drought Resilience of Wheat Genotypes Through Microbial Biostimulants Under Water Deficit Regimes
No full textABSTRACT Drought resilience strategies are needed to tackle the escalating issue of water scarcity and to sustain crop productivity under water deficit conditions. There is a gap in identifying the most effective consortium of microbial biostimulants and understanding the underlying physiological and antioxidant mechanisms involved in the drought resilience of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) crop. To address this, three experiments were carried out in laboratory and wire house conditions to identify and optimise the response of drought‐tolerant microbial biostimulants for wheat genotypes. Three drought‐tolerant microbial biostimulants: Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus megaterium and Trichoderma harzianum were selected from a laboratory study. The two wheat genotypes: Dilkash‐2021 and Bakhar Star (drought tolerant and sensitive, respectively) were selected from a wire house experiment. Afterwards, the response of individual and consortium of selected drought‐tolerant microbial biostimulants was evaluated in drought‐tolerant and sensitive wheat genotypes under well‐watered and water deficit regimes. Results indicated that seed inoculation of drought‐tolerant genotype with the microbial consortium of Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus megaterium and Trichoderma harzianum significantly increased relative water contents (58%), stomatal conductance (39%), sub‐stomatal conductance (70%), water use efficiency (38%) and net leaf photosynthetic rate (34%) as compared with the un‐inoculated control under water deficit. Furthermore, a significant reduction in malondialdehyde concentration (36%) and an improvement in proline contents (77%), superoxide dismutase (82%) and peroxidase (51%) were observed with this microbial consortium under water deficit. Therefore, seed inoculation of drought‐tolerant wheat genotypes with the microbial consortium might be considered in formulating the best agricultural practices for alleviating the adverse effects of water deficit on the wheat crop
شیر محمد اختر کی افسانہ نگاری: Fiction by Sher Muhammad Akhtar
No full textSher Muhammad Akhter is one of the founding members of Halqa_e_ Arbaab_e _Zauq. His writing includes several dimentions which consist of fiction, nonfiction, translation, dramatization and coloumn writing but most of the people are unaware of his such literary contributions .Basically he was a short story writer and the foremost aim of this article is to conduct the thematic analysis of his short story writing. His fiction covers a wide range of topics such as social conflict, clash of civilizations, economic inequality and psychological approach. For a proper analysis of Sher Muhammad Akhtar's fiction, it is necessary to look at the themes of his contemporary fiction literature. Urdu fiction opened its eyes in the era of colonialism, where it came into contact with two extremes of thought. Where on the one hand “The works of Sajjad Haider Yıldırım, the representative of "Literature for Literature" were decorating the minds with the vivid imaginations of the islands of romance and on the other hand, in the works of Premchand, "Literature for Life" wounded the stormy eyes of the conditions in the desert of reality and was hurting the soul
Nitrogen-enriched compost application combined with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) improves seed quality and nutrient use efficiency of sunflower
No full textEcological benefits associated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculants offer a promising integrated nutrient management option to counteract plant nitrogen (N) deficiency. We performed field experiments to evaluate the effect of integrated N fertilizer regime involving chemical N fertilizer (CNF) and N-enriched compost (NEC), either alone or combined with selected PGPR (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) on sunflower seed quality, N use efficiency (NUE) and soil fertility during 2014-2015. We found that integrated N biofertilizer application resulted in significantly higher seed oil concentration, fatty acid composition, and harvest index in both cropping years. Greater effects on N yield efficiency (NYE), N use efficiency (NUE), N physiological efficiency (NPE), and photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) were recorded in nitrogen-enriched compost+PGPR inoculant (NECPI) treatment followed by chemical N fertilizer+PGPR inoculant (CNFPI) treatment. Statistically significant differences were observed in linoleic and linolenic acid, NYE, and NUE for treatment x year interaction, thus, suggesting that the integrated N biofertilizer approach facilitates the efficient N use by sunflower for improving yield and seed quality. Moreover, we also found considerable enhancement of soil N fertility after two consecutive cropping years of sunflower. The enhancement of seed quality, N use efficiencies, and soil N fertility through integrated N biofertilizer application emphasizes the importance of balanced crop N nutrition, ensuring sufficient N supply to sunflower with adequate N balance in soil for the next crop. Overall, combination of PGPR with NEC amendment may optimize N uptake efficiency and reduce N fertilizer losses, which is necessarily required for the sustainable sunflower production.ECO
A global meta-analysis of greenhouse gases emission and crop yield under no-tillage as compared to conventional tillage
No full textNo-tillage (NT) practice is extensively adopted with aims to improve soil physical conditions, carbon (C) sequestration and to alleviate greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions without compromising crop yield. However, the influences of NT on GHGs emissions and crop yields remains inconsistent. A global meta-analysis was performed by using fifty peer-reviewed publications to assess the effectiveness of soil physicochemical properties, nitrogen (N) fertilization, type and duration of crop, water management and climatic zones on GHGs emissions and crop yields under NT compared to conventional tillage (CT) practices. The outcome reveals that compared to CT, NT increased CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions by 7.1, 12.0, and 20.8%, respectively. In contrast, NT caused up to 7.6% decline in global warming potential as compared to CT. However, absence of difference in crop yield was observed both under NT and CT practices. Increasing N fertilization rates under NT improved crop yield and GHGs emission up to 23 and 58%, respectively, compared to CT. Further, NT practices caused an increase of 16.1% CO2 and 14.7% N2O emission in the rainfed areas and up to 54.0% CH4 emission under irrigated areas as compared to CT practices. This meta-analysis study provides a scientific basis for evaluating the effects of NT on GHGs emissions and crop yields, and also provides basic information to mitigate the GHGs emissions that are associated with NT practice
Aspects of Mir Sher Ali Afsos’s Poetry
No full textMir sher Ali Afsos was a successful ghazal poet of his era. He has tried almost all the popular genres of speech. The poetry of Mir Sher Ali Afsos seems to be impressive in the color of despair apart from love, but this color is traditional. A study of Kuliat-e-Afsos reveals that he has used all the essentials of art to enhance the reader's quest for techniques, similes and metaphors in his words, as well as the craft of poetry. Afsos has also used beautiful arts in his speech, all these accessories create a charming beauty in the poetry which makes the poet beautiful. His poetry is romantic. In this article effort is made to analyse his poetry
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Yousaf khan šeerbaanoṇa kisa
No full textThis is a retelling of a love story of Yousaf Khan and Sher Bano by Ghulam Sarvar (a 70-year old male). Abdul Qayoum (a 60-year old male) is the listener in this recording. Native speakers Naik Muhammad and Aurangzeb are also present
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Yousaf khan šeerbaanoṇa kisa
No full textThis is a retelling of a love story of Yousaf Khan and Sher Bano by Ghulam Sarvar (a 70-year old male). Abdul Qayoum (a 60-year old male) is the listener in this recording. Native speakers Naik Muhammad and Aurangzeb are also present
Improved daily MODIS TERRA/AQUA Snow and Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI6.0) data for High Mountain Asia (2002-2019)
No full textThe data contains improved daily MODIS Terra/Aqua combined snow-cover merged with Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI6.0) product. This product is generated using MODIS Terra and Aqua daily snow cover products MOD10A1 and MYD10A1 collection 6 (C6), respectively. The data covers High Mountain Asia (HMA) covering latitude 24.32− 49.19 N and Longitude 58.22 - 122.48 E with temporal coverage between 2002 and 2019. The data has daily temporal resolution and 500 m spatial resolution. The product is named as M*D10A1GL06 derived from MODIS Terra (MOD) MODIS Aqua (MYD), original product number (10A1) and Glacier (GL), Version 6 (06). The product is described in ordinal date available in GeoTIFF file format as described in the associated Dataset README. For more details about the data, please read the paper associated with this data titled "An improved Terra-Aqua MODIS daily cloud-free snow and Randolph Glacier Inventory 6.0 combined product (M*D10A1GL06) for high-mountain Asia between 2002 and 2019" in Earth System Science Data Journal
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