7 research outputs found
Meninjau Masa Depan AICHR Berdasarkan Efektivitasnya (Evaluasi terhadap 10 Tahun AICHR Berdiri)
No full textAbstrak
AICHR sebagai lembaga perlindungan dan penegakan HAM dibawah bendera ASEAN telah membuka secercah harapan bagi Asia Tenggara akan adanya kepastian hukum dalam bidang HAM. Namun selama 1 (satu) dekade pasca pembentukan lembaga tersebut, AICHR belum menunjukkan efek yang signifikan bagi HAM di Asia Tenggara, yang pada akhirnya menimbulkan pertanyaan apa yang menyebabkan AICHR belum efektif, dan bagaimana nasib masa depan lembaga tersebut. Dari latar belakang tersebut, tulisan ini telah menyajikan beberapa rumusan masalah yang terdiri dari, bagaimana perkembangan AICHR selama 10 (sepuluh) tahun ini. Bagaimana mekanisme kerja AICHR berdasarkan hukum yang mengatur. Apa saja kendala yang menghambat perkembangan AICHR. Dan apa yang harus diperbaiki untuk menjamin keberlanjutan AICHR. Solusi dari ini semua adalah, negara-negara ASEAN perlu menginisiasikan adanya revisi terhadap term of reference dari AICHR itu sendiri, dengan mengenyampingkan prinsip-prinsip ASEAN demi prinsip yang lebih mulia dari semua prinsip, yakni “kemanusiaan”.
Kata Kunci: AICHR, ASEAN, Efektivitas, HAM, Prinsip,
Abstract
The AICHR as the council for Human Rights on behalf of the ASEAN flag has opened a glimmer of hope for the Southeast Asia in having a legal certainty in Human Rights. However, after a decade of this council established, AICHR has not shown any significant impact on human rights in Southeast Asia, which give rises a question what was the causes of this ineffectivity, and how is the fate of this council. From this background, this paper presents a problem formulations which consists of, how was the development of AICHR for 10 (ten) years. How is the mechanism of AICHR based on the law. What is the problem that obstruct the development of AICHR. And what must be improved to ensure the sustainability of AICHR. The solution is, the ASEAN’s States Member needs to initiating an amendment of term of reference of the AICHR itself, by leaving aside the ASEAN principle for the sake of the most noble principle,“humanity”.
Keywords: AICHR, ASEAN, Effectiveness, Human Rights, Principal
THE LEGALITY OF DENMARK’S ARTIFICIAL ISLAND (LYNETTEHOLM) IN INTERNATIONAL LAW OF THE SEA
No full textThe Danish parliament approved the construction of an artificial island called Lynetteholm, which aims to house 35,000 residents and protect the Port of Copenhagen from rising sea levels. Construction of Lynetteholm will take approximately 50 years, and the island will be 2.6 km2 in size. Since the regulation regarding Artificial Island can only be found in the United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS 1982) which is not complete regulatory support along with no other regulations that can provide specifications regarding the implementation rules for the construction of an artificial island, both provisions and prohibitions in the process of making Artificial Island. This long-term development could cause a damage towards the marine life and cause air pollution in the construction area due to heavy trucks, change in the ocean currents in the Danish and Swedish oceans due to the size of the island, and cause potential changes to the territorial sea boundaries of Denmark’s EEZ. As long as the legal regulations regarding Artificial Island have not been made specifically and in detail, large-scale and long-term construction of artificial islands that cause legal problems will continue to occur in the future. Therefore, the making of special rules regarding Artificial Island has become a real urgency at this time. Denmark has an obligation to conduct a re-assess regarding problems that may arise as well as those that are contrary to UNCLOS
Korelasi Sidik Jari Teh Putih (Camellia sinensis) dan Aktivitas Antioksidannya Menggunakan Spektrofotometri Inframerah Transformasi Fourier (FTIR) dan Analisis Data Multivariat
No full textWhite tea, made from young tea leaves dried without enzymatic fermentation, retains higher antioxidant content and has a unique sensory profile based on its growing region and processing method. Fourier transform infrared resonance (FTIR) spectrophotometry measures the absorption of infrared radiation by molecular bonds, generating a unique fingerprint. FTIR can monitor changes in the chemical composition during tea processing. Each producer may have different processing techniques that affect tea quality. A study analyzed white tea samples from five producers in Java, Indonesia, using FTIR fingerprinting and antioxidant activity. Sample D from Central Java had the highest DPPH antioxidant activity, followed by samples E (from West Java), H (from East Java), and P and G (from West Java). FTIR fingerprint analysis identified common absorption peaks at wave numbers 1242 (ester), 1600–1400 (ring double bond), 3518 cm⁻¹ (phenol), 2360 (amine), and 1400–1200 cm⁻¹ (carbonyl). Orthogonal partial least squares–discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) grouped the samples into two classes regardless of the region: D, E, and H in class 1, and P and G in class 2. Wave numbers attributed to amine, aromatic, and aldehyde groups were among the discriminating markers for class 1 and class 2. The results of OPLS analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between wave numbers 1258, 1342, 1466, 2392, and 2685 cm⁻¹. These wave numbers were found at higher intensities in sample D, which had the highest antioxidant activity. Thus, they can be used as important markers for white tea with good antioxidant activity
Effects of Battery State of Charge on Fuel Economy of Hybrid Electric Vehicles: An Analysis Using the UN ECE R101 Method
No full textIndonesia is currently embracing electric vehicle technology for widespread use and mass production, with hybrid vehicles serving as a crucial intermediary in the transition towards full electric vehicle adoption, as outlined in the roadmap established by the Indonesian Government through the Ministry of Industry. Hybrid vehicles integrate an internal combustion engine and an electric motor as the powertrain system, enabling the charging of the battery through the combustion engine while also serving as the primary mover, with charging and discharging cycles contingent upon the vehicle's operational conditions. This research investigates the impact of battery conditions on the fuel economy of two hybrid vehicles during a UN ECE R101 test cycle. This research focusing on two specific battery conditions: a state of charge (SoC) of 50% and 100%. Remarkably, the results indicate that vehicles with a SoC of 100% exhibit a noteworthy enhancement in fuel economy, achieving an improvement of up to 16% compared to those with a SoC of 50%. These findings shed light on the significant role that battery conditions play in optimizing fuel efficiency within hybrid vehicles, ultimately contributing to the ongoing advancements in sustainable transportation and the realization of the Indonesian Government's electric vehicle roadmap
Green synthesis of polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration membrane with upgraded hydrophilicity
No full textThe use of Cyrene™ as an alternative non-toxic solvent to produce a PVDF-based ultrafiltration membrane was investigated in this study. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were used as organic additives to explore its ability to improve membrane hydrophilicity. The additives were introduced into the casting solution via phase inversion with a combined non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) and evaporation-induced phase separation (EIPS) technique. The prepared membranes were characterized to examine its morphology, mechanical properties, and filtration performance. The results show that the addition of PEG and PVP has proven able to improve the membrane hydrophilicity with the lowest contact angle of 76.81° achieved from the addition of PEG with concentration 3 wt%. However, the nascent membranes were not adequate enough, in terms of its mechanical properties, to undergo performance tests due to its very brittle nature. The overall results from this study demonstrate a great potential as a proposed method of utilizing Cyrene™ as a choice of green solvent to fabricate PVDF-based ultrafiltration membrane with the incorporation of PEG and PVP as organic additives
