859 research outputs found
Managing Irrigation Water by Yield and Water Productivity Assessment of a Rice-Wheat System Using Remote Sensing
No full textRice and wheat are very important grain crops and are heavily grown in lands between the Ravi and Chenab Rivers in Pakistan.
Because rice is generally cultivated under standing water conditions, careful estimation of actual water consumption and crop water
productivity (CWP) is key for proper water management. In the current study, an effort is made to estimate actual evapotranspiration (ETa
)
by using the soil and energy balance algorithm (SEBAL), which used the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite
with a spatial resolution of 1,000 m. Rice and wheat crop dominance areas were identified by using the ISODATA crop classification technique by utilizing MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) 250 m resolution data. Crop-specific ETa
was masked out both for
rice and wheat, and this information was utilized with crop yield for estimation of CWP. Tehsil administrative-level crop-yield data were
collected and extrapolated to model crop yield on a pixel basis by benefiting from crop yields and specific NDVI empirical relationships.
Study results showed a variation of ETa(402–780 and 244–328 mm), yield (823–2,596 and1,287–3,646kg=ha), and CWP (0.14–0.56 and
0.54–1.44kg=m3
) for rice and wheat, respectively. Best results were attained for rice in tehsil Hafizabad with a coefficient of variation in
CWP of 7.94%. Most of the other tehsils showed higher variability of approximately 16%. The primary cause of lower CWP for rice crop
in these tehsils is higher values of ET
a
(i.e., greater than 600 mm), which is ideal for maximizing CWP in the study region. For the wheat
crop, because water consumption is almost similar in all parts and CWP is primarily variable owing to yield differences, this suggested
minimum scope for CWP improvement by water management for wheat. Crop cultivation expenditures can be reduced both for rice
and wheat by proper application and management of water and fertilizer
Dynamically Reconfigurable Fault-Tolerant Design of r-VEX Softcore Processor
No full textOver the past many years, technology scaling has resulted in a continuous reduction of lateral and vertical dimensions of transistors. The technology scaling, on the one hand, has led to a commensurate performance gain for very-large-scale integration (VLSI) circuits, but on the other hand, has also made such circuits more vulnerable to ionizing radiations which can cause single event effects(SEEs). These SEEs may cause the underlying user circuitry to deviate from its normal behavior. Devices that are destined for space missions need special protection for such kind of anomalies as space environment is filled with massive amount of high energy particles and ionizing radiations. In this thesis, the design, implementation, and verification of a fault-tolerant r-VEX, a softcore processor, is presented, so that it could be used as an attractive alternative to expensive radiation-hardened processors for space-based applications. r-VEX is a VLIW based, dynamically reconfigurable processor. Keeping in line with its inherent attribute, a dynamically reconfigurable fault-tolerant mode is presented in this work, which provides the running application an option to activate and deactivate the fault-tolerant mode multiple times. In this mode, for the protection of processor pipeline, a non-traditional TMR approach that requires 3 lanegroups running in 2-way mode is implemented. For the reliability of user memories, Hamming codes are implemented as an ECC coding scheme. The functionally of our fault-tolerant design is verified by using both a simulation-based platform (ModelSim) and an on-board FPGA platform (ML605 development kit). To measure the fault-tolerant capabilities of the r-VEX core, saboteurs are used to artificially inject faults at various predefined locations in the core. The obtained results have shown that our design can mitigate all injected single faults in the pipeline and double faults in the caches, without triggering any failure. The dynamically configurable fault-tolerant feature is obtained at the cost of about 30% additional resource utilization and 20% reduction in the maximum operating frequency
Modeling of NH3–NO–SCR reaction over CuO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor using artificial intelligence techniques
No full textComparative study of the artificial neural network and mechanistic model was carried out for NO removal in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. The effects of temperature, superficial gas velocity and ammonia/nitric oxide ratio on the NO removal efficiency were determined and their optimum conditions were estimated by the experimental study, the artificial neural network and mechanistic models as well. The optimum values of ammonia/nitric oxide ratio, temperature and superficial gas velocity for the maximum NO removal efficiency were found to be 1.5, 300 degrees C and 0.098 m/s, respectively. A mechanistic model was implemented in our previous study [Muhammad F. Irfan, Sang Done Kim and Muhammad R. Usman, 2009] and it was found that this model fitted well only at specific condition i.e. maximum conversion temperature (300 degrees C). However, it failed to perfectly match with rest of the experimental data points at other temperatures and parametric conditions as well. To improve this, an artificial neural network modeling strategy was applied and its predictions were evaluated which were favorably matched with the experimental data rather than the mechanistic model. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Impacts of changing climate and snow cover on the flow regime of Jhelum River, Western Himalayas
No full textThis study examines the change in climate variables and snow cover dynamics and their impact on the hydrological regime of the Jhelum River basin in Western Himalayas. This study utilized daily streamflow records from Mangla dam, spanning a time period of 19 years (1995–2013), along with precipitation and temperature data over 52 years (1961–2013) from 12 different
climate stations in the catchment. Additionally, moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) remote sensing product MOD10A2 was utilized to analyze the change in snow cover dynamics during 2000–2013. The Pearson and Kendall rank correlation tests were used to scrutinize snow cover trends and correlation between temperature, precipitation, snow cover area (SCA) and streamflows records. Basin-wide trend analysis showed a slightly increasing tendency in temperature
(s = 0.098) and precipitation (s = 0.094), during the years 1961–2013. The changes in streamflow indicated a positive (r [0.12) relationship with respect to temperature but variable trends (r = -0.45–0.41) with respect to precipitation during both the winter and monsoon seasons. This indicates that temperature has a significant impact on the hydrological regime of the basin.
MODIS data-based investigations suggested an expansion in SCA during 2000–2013. The changes in SCA of highaltitude
zones ([2000 m a.s.l.) depicted a stronger positive correlation with climate variables and streamflow compared with those obtained for low-altitude regions (\2000 m a.s.l.). Overall, these results signify that highaltitude areas contribute to the streamflow largely in the form of snow- and glacier-melt during the early summer season. The streamflow is then further augmented by monsoon rainfall in the low-elevation regions during late summer
Hyles hippophaes
No full textH. hippophaes subsp. bienerti (Staudinger, 1874) Plate 3, Fig. 49 Material examined. PAKISTAN, [Gilgit Baltistan,] Khalti Lake, Gopis, 10. vi. 2008, Anjum Shehzad; as previous except 11. vi. 2008; Gulmit Gojal, 0 4. vi. 2007, Noveed Usman; [Azad Jammu and Kashmir,] Sudhan Gali, Bagh District, 7000 ', vii. 2012, Abdul Azeemi (CMVUK). Remarks. Hyles hippophaes subsp. bienerti occurs from Turkey, the Caucasus and southern Russia, east through Iran, Central Asia, Afghanistan to Kashmir and northwestern India, and then northeast to northern China, Mongolia, Tuva and Lake Baikal, Russia (Pittaway & Kitching, 2013).Published as part of Rafi, Muhammad Ather, Sultan, Amir, Kitching, Ian J., Pittaway, Anthony R., Markhasiov, Maxim, Khan, Muhammad Rafique & Naz, Falak, 2014, The Hawkmoth Fauna of Pakistan (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), pp. 393-418 in Zootaxa 3794 (3) on page 407, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3794.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/23055
Remittances and Poverty Linkages in Pakistan: Evidence and Some Suggestions for Further Analysis
No full textGlobal remittances experienced a dramatic increase over the years, particularly since 1990 wherein the developing world emerged to be the major beneficiary accounting for 60 percent of the total amount. Because of the sheer volume, and magnitude of the remittances, and pre-eminence of these flows compared to the FDIs, development assistance and in some cases the trade related transactions, the development practitioners tended to focus and investigate the importance of remittances which are generally regarded as a dependable source for growth, improved welfare and poverty alleviation in the developing world. Given the fact that remittances flows entail wide ranging ramifications both for sending as well as receiving countries, difficult to be generalised, hence empirical evidence has been mounted though lack of consensus is visible.
Role of Entrepreneurs in Managing Open Innovation in SMEs
No full textIt is nowadays quite logical for SMEs to engage in open innovation activities to combat the internal and external challenges they are facing such as fewer sources for R&D, limited financial resources and technical capabilities, lack of production facilities and distribution channels etc. Studies show that open innovation experienced a rapid increase in recent years. Recently researchers have also shown keen interest in research on SMEs whereas previously only the large companies remained focus of the academicians. The objective of the thesis is to highlight how SMEs overcome their scarcity of resources by engaging into open innovation activities. The study analyses the crucial role of the SME entrepreneur in successfully organizing and managing open innovation activities. Two SMEs from different regions, namely Pakistan and the UK, were selected as research cases for the investigation. Interviews have been used as a primary means of data collection. Our findings indicate that entrepreneurs based on their individual traits recognized the value of the opportunity and articulate the idea into a successful product. Their most important entrepreneurial characteristics are rapid decision making, risk taking capability and creativity in finding solutions to problems. The outcome of this research shows that the success of how an entrepreneur manages the business is not just based on his skills and capabilities, but it also depends on the type of innovative processes he incorporates within the organization
Role of Entrepreneurs in Managing Open Innovation in SMEs
No full textIt is nowadays quite logical for SMEs to engage in open innovation activities to combat the internal and external challenges they are facing such as fewer sources for R&D, limited financial resources and technical capabilities, lack of production facilities and distribution channels etc. Studies show that open innovation experienced a rapid increase in recent years. Recently researchers have also shown keen interest in research on SMEs whereas previously only the large companies remained focus of the academicians. The objective of the thesis is to highlight how SMEs overcome their scarcity of resources by engaging into open innovation activities. The study analyses the crucial role of the SME entrepreneur in successfully organizing and managing open innovation activities. Two SMEs from different regions, namely Pakistan and the UK, were selected as research cases for the investigation. Interviews have been used as a primary means of data collection. Our findings indicate that entrepreneurs based on their individual traits recognized the value of the opportunity and articulate the idea into a successful product. Their most important entrepreneurial characteristics are rapid decision making, risk taking capability and creativity in finding solutions to problems. The outcome of this research shows that the success of how an entrepreneur manages the business is not just based on his skills and capabilities, but it also depends on the type of innovative processes he incorporates within the organization
Folio
No full textJonson, Robert-Article-What Interfaith Dialogue Should and Shouldn't be at FCC. pp. 1-3; Suhail Umar-Article-Between Secular Pluralism and Religious Exclusivism. pp. 4-11; Nisar Ahmed-Article-Interfaith Relationship. pp. 12; Abdul Ghani-Article-Religious Harmony. pp. 13-16; Bashir Ahmed Khan-Article-The Politics of Interfaith Dialogue. pp. 17-19; Abur Razzaq Black-Article-The Adobe of Peace. pp. 20-24; Anood Alta-Article-Technology has Replaced Faith. pp. 25; Riaz Akbar Somrai-Article-Peace Exclusive. pp. 26-27; Interview-An Interview with General Pervaiz Musharaf. pp. 29-32; Memoirs from Across the Border. pp. 33-35; Kuldip S. Bajwa-Zulfie, My Friend. pp. 36-37; Ch. Muhammad Aslam-My Memories, My Wealth. pp. 38; Kuldip S. Bajwa-One Upmanship. pp. 39-40; Shakila Noor Sindhu-Folio's Visit to India. pp. 41-42; Mirza Ather Baig-Article-Globalization and Global Claustrophobia. pp. 43-47; Thomson, Carol B.-Article-How People Engage in Global Conversations. pp. 48-49; Marryum Ishaque-Article-Global Economy and Trade Liberalization. pp. 50; Fawzia Afsal-Khan-Article-Edward Said: The Decolonizer as Humanist. pp. 51-56; Hall, Geof M.-Article-Under Western Eyes. pp. 57-62; Nasim Riaz Butt-Article-Of Culture. pp. 63-64; Farid Malik-Article-The Third World, Islamic Ummah and the Third World War. pp. 65-67; Bilkis Hussain-Article-Gender Empowerment for Socio-Economic Development. pp. 68; Omer Habib-Article-Saying Goodbye to Traditions. pp. 69; Aqsa Ijaz-Article-Puppets in the Hands of Society. pp. 70-72; Interview-An Interview with Dr Grace C. Clark. pp. 73-77; Struck, Craig-Article-Coping with Emotional Stress. pp. 78-81; Waseem Anwar-Article-Higher Education. pp. 82-85; Zamir Hussain-My Dear Undergrads and a Ghanaian Poet. pp. 86-87; Muhammad Usman-Educational Stereotypes. pp. 88-89; A. Riaz, S. Nathaniel, R. Javed-Article-A Fullbright Experience: A Dream Come True. pp. 90-94; Nausheen Ishaque-Article-Art versus Morality. pp. 95-97; Iffat Khatoon-Article-The Theatrics of Masking. pp. 98-100; Zoeya Naqvi-Article-On Humour. pp. 101; Azzam Siddique-All that Red Stuff. pp. 102-103; Riaz Akbar Somrai-Article-Paradise Hath Descended on Earth. pp. 104-105; Ashraf, C. M.-Article-Chemistry and Community. pp. 106-108; Bilkis Hussain-Article-Is Science a Bane or a Boon. pp. 109-110; Muhammad Usman-Article-The Technological Evils. pp. 111; Zoeya Naqvi-About Love Unattainable. pp. 112; Pannu, P. 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Shaheer-Poetry-I Desire to Paint You. pp. 151; Uzma Azad-Poetry-Silent Wish. pp. 151; Uzma Azad-Poetry-Some Day. pp. 152; Amber M. Gill-Poetry-Patience. pp. 152; Ramla Zaheer-Poetry-Life Goes On. pp. 153; Awan, M. Shaheer-Poetry-Lost Angel. pp. 153; Jawad, M.-Poetry-The Foggy Trees. pp. 154; Sadia Riaz-Poetry-Tears and Laughter. pp. 154; Hafiz Ali Aziz Khokhar-Poetry-I Shine Now. pp. 155; Nauman Ahmad-Poetry-Life is Ephemeral. pp. 155; Ramla Zaheer-Poetry-To Time and Fate. pp. 156; Muhammad Adeel Ahmad-Poetry-Death of Beauty. pp. 156; Hafiz Ali Aziz-Poetry-What Should I do? pp. 157; Shaheryar Khan-Poetry-What May I Think? pp. 157; Azzam Saddique-Poetry-The Smith. pp. 158; Rao Ayyaz Ahmad-Poetry-Assignment Girls College. pp. 159; Zeeshan Zaighum-Poetry-Divorce. pp. 159; Folio [Urdu]. 146 p.Editorial Board (English). before the Editorial page; Kennedy Hall, Forman Christian College (1959-60). after page 30; Folio team with the President of Pakistan. after page 30; Offices. page 160; Visitors. after page 160; Convocation. after page 160; Sports. after page 160; Societies. after page 160; Drama. after page 160; Music. after page 160; College Life. after page 160; Alumni. after page 160; Sundaisay. after page 16
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