311 research outputs found
PRINCIPLES, NORMS AND STRATEGIES OF THE US GLOBAL CYBERSPACE GOVERNANCE
No full textThis study examines the United States\u27 (US) approach to global cyber governance, including the principles, strategies, and norms the US intends to promote in cyberspace. This also discusses why the US is unwilling to share cyberspace governance with other great powers. While utilizing the official policies and strategies of the US as primary sources, this study identifies that the core principles of US cyber governance encompass a free and open internet, a multi-stakeholder approach, collaboration with allies, and maintaining a stable and secure digital landscape. However, it is criticised for its approach to data privacy, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) control, mass surveillance programs against foes and allies, and its disagreement with other states on cyberspace governance.
Bibliography Entry
Ashraf, Nageen and Muhammad Nadeem Mirza. 2025. "Principles, Norms and Strategies of the US Global Cyberspace Governance." Margalla Papers 29 (1): 41-54
Fig. 9 in Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory effects of acetylcholine on salt tolerance of Nicotiana benthamiana
No full textFig. 9. Differential expressed genes in response to CN, NaCl and NaCl + ACh.Published as part of Qin, Cheng, Ahanger, Mohammad Abass, Lin, Bo, Huang, Ziguang, Zhou, Jie, Ahmed, Nadeem, Ai, Suilong, Mustafa, Nabil S.A., Ashraf, Muhammad & Zhang, Lixin, 2021, Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory effects of acetylcholine on salt tolerance of Nicotiana benthamiana, pp. 1-12 in Phytochemistry (112582) 181 on page 10, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112582, http://zenodo.org/record/829075
Fig. 4 in Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory effects of acetylcholine on salt tolerance of Nicotiana benthamiana
No full textFig. 4. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment scatter map (p <0.05). The X-axis (Rich Factor) represents the percentage of DEGs belonging to the corresponding pathway.Published as part of Qin, Cheng, Ahanger, Mohammad Abass, Lin, Bo, Huang, Ziguang, Zhou, Jie, Ahmed, Nadeem, Ai, Suilong, Mustafa, Nabil S.A., Ashraf, Muhammad & Zhang, Lixin, 2021, Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory effects of acetylcholine on salt tolerance of Nicotiana benthamiana, pp. 1-12 in Phytochemistry (112582) 181 on page 4, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112582, http://zenodo.org/record/829075
FIG. 2 in A new species and a new record of the genus Phaeophyscia Moberg (Lecanorales, Physciaceae) from Pakistan supported by phenotypic and molecular phylogenetic analyses
No full textFIG. 2. — Phaeophyscia kaghanensis Niazi, Nadeem, Afshan & Khalid, sp. nov.: A, foliose thallus of type specimen (holo-, LAH[LAH37615]); B, apothecia; C, section of an apothecium; D, E, ascus; F, ascospores. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, 3 mm; C, 100 μm; D, 28 μm; E, 24 μm; F, 14 μm.Published as part of Niazi, Abdul Rehman, Afshan, Najam-ul-Sehar, Naseer, Arooj, Nadeem, Muhammad, Iftikhar, Fatima, Fayyaz, Iram, Ashraf, Asma, Imtiaz, Sawera, Fatima, Shahzadi Qamar & Khalid, Abdul Nasir, 2023, A new species and a new record of the genus Phaeophyscia Moberg (Lecanorales, Physciaceae) from Pakistan supported by phenotypic and molecular phylogenetic analyses, pp. 51-59 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (4) on page 55, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2023v44a4, http://zenodo.org/record/786720
Phytopharmacological evaluation of different solvent extract/fractions From<i> Sphaeranthus indicus</i> L. flowers:From traditional therapies to bioactive compounds
No full textSphaeranthus indicus L. is a medicinal herb having widespread traditional uses for treating common ailments. The present research work aims to explore the in-depth phytochemical composition and in vitro reactivity of six different polarity solvents (methanol, n-hexane, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) extracts/fractions of S. indicus flowers. The phytochemical composition was accomplished by determining total bioactive contents, HPLC-PDA polyphenolic quantification, and UHPLC-MS secondary metabolomics. The reactivity of the phenolic compounds was tested through the following biochemical assays: antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelation) and enzyme inhibition (AChE, BChE, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, urease, and tyrosinase) assays were performed. The methanol extract showed the highest values for phenolic (94.07 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoid (78.7 mg QE/g extract) contents and was also the most active for α-glucosidase inhibition as well as radical scavenging and reducing power potential. HPLC-PDA analysis quantified rutin, naringenin, chlorogenic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, and epicatechin in a significant amount. UHPLC-MS analysis of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts revealed the presence of well-known phytocompounds; most of these were phenolic, flavonoid, and glycoside derivatives. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest inhibition against tyrosinase and urease, while the n-hexane fraction was most active for α-amylase. Moreover, principal component analysis highlighted the positive correlation between bioactive compounds and the tested extracts. Overall, S. indicus flower extracts were found to contain important phytochemicals, hence could be further explored to discover novel bioactive compounds that could be a valid starting point for future pharmaceutical and nutraceuticals applications.</p
Long-term warming and elevated CO2 increase ammonia-oxidizing microbial communities and accelerate nitrification in paddy soil
No full textPhaeophyscia kaghanensis Niazi, Nadeem, Afshan & Khalid 2023, sp. nov.
No full textPhaeophyscia kaghanensis Niazi, Nadeem, Afshan & Khalid, sp. nov. (Fig. 2) The taxon is characterized by its greyish white to grey thallus, absence of asexual diaspores or cortical hairs, flat to slightly concave lobes, white medulla, black lower surface, large, Physcia-type ascospores of 24-30× 12-17 µm, and absence of secondary substances. HOLOTYPE. — Pakistan. Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Garhi Dupatta, 34°36’N, 73°35’E, 817 m alt., on tree bark, 2.X.2021, N. S. Afshan & A. R. Niazi, CKR-22 (holo-, LAH [LAH37615]; GenBank[OP933723]). ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED. — Pakistan. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Kaghan Valley, Sharan, 34°30’N, 73°18’E, 2500 m alt., on tree bark, 22.VIII.2022, N. S. Afshan & A. R. Niazi, KA-17 (LAH [LAH 37616]; GenBank[OP 933724]). ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet ‘kaghanensis’ (Latin) refers to the type locality of Kaghan Valley. CHEMISTRY. — Thallus K-, C-, KC-, P-; no lichen substance detected by TLC. HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION. — The known collections of the new species are from moist temperate, coniferous forest in the Himalaya in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The specimens were found on siliceous rock. The forest is dominated by species such as Pinus roxburghii Sarg., Pyrus pashia L., Quercus oblongata D.Don and Q. glauca Thunb. The maximum daily temperature of the region varies around 30-32°C during the summer, the average winter temperature is 4°C, and there is moderate rainfall. MYCOBANK. — MB846997. DESCRIPTION Thallus Foliose, epiphloeodal, greyish white to grey, remaining unchanged when wet, loosely attached to substratum, 3-5 cm in diam., more or less circular in outline. Lobes Densely, dichotomously or irregularly branched, without pruina, lobe tips greyish-white, flat to slightly concave, imbricate, usually upturned near the tips, 0.8-2.5 mm wide. Soralia and isidia Absent. Upper surface Dark brown, paraplectenchymatous, 20-25 µm thick. Algal layer 30-35 µm thick. Photobiont cells Globose, 10-15 µm in diam. Medulla White. Lower surface Black, usually becoming pale to dark grey towards lobe tips, not rhizinate. Rhizines Absent. Lower cortex Paraplectenchymatous, dark brown, 28-35 µm thick. Apothecia Frequent, usually present, 2.5-4 mm in diam., stipitate, lacking cortical hairs, epruinose. Disc Chocolate brown to black, dull, epruinose, flat to strongly convex. Margins Prominent, creamy to pale white. Epihymenium Light brown to brownish orange, 13-17 µm. Hymenium Hyaline, 90-110 µm. Hypothecium Hyaline, 25-35 µm. Ascus Cylindrical to clavate, 70-83 × 22-28 µm. Ascospores Dark brown, ellipsoid, Physcia - type, 24-30× 12-17µm. Paraphyses Hyaline, branched and anastomosing, 2-3 µm thick, wider at the apex, 4-5 µm thick. Pycnidia Not found.Published as part of Niazi, Abdul Rehman, Afshan, Najam-ul-Sehar, Naseer, Arooj, Nadeem, Muhammad, Iftikhar, Fatima, Fayyaz, Iram, Ashraf, Asma, Imtiaz, Sawera, Fatima, Shahzadi Qamar & Khalid, Abdul Nasir, 2023, A new species and a new record of the genus Phaeophyscia Moberg (Lecanorales, Physciaceae) from Pakistan supported by phenotypic and molecular phylogenetic analyses, pp. 51-59 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (4) on pages 52-56, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2023v44a4, http://zenodo.org/record/786720
Fig. 6 in Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory effects of acetylcholine on salt tolerance of Nicotiana benthamiana
No full textFig. 6. Differentially expressed genes related to the plant hormone signal transduction pathway in the comparison (NaCl vs NaCl + ACh). (A) diagram of auxin, gibberellin, brassinosteroid and salicylic acid signalling transduction pathways; (B) information and expression patterns of differentially expressed genes involved in auxin, gibberellin, brassinosteroid and salicylic acid signalling transduction pathways. Red means upregulated expression of genes, and green means downregulated expression of genes. The number in each sample name represents the sample order. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)Published as part of Qin, Cheng, Ahanger, Mohammad Abass, Lin, Bo, Huang, Ziguang, Zhou, Jie, Ahmed, Nadeem, Ai, Suilong, Mustafa, Nabil S.A., Ashraf, Muhammad & Zhang, Lixin, 2021, Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory effects of acetylcholine on salt tolerance of Nicotiana benthamiana, pp. 1-12 in Phytochemistry (112582) 181 on page 6, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112582, http://zenodo.org/record/829075
Fig. 5 in Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory effects of acetylcholine on salt tolerance of Nicotiana benthamiana
No full textFig. 5. Heatmap representing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in cell wall extensibility of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves as influenced by NaCl alone or in combination with acetylcholine treatment (NaCl + ACh). Red means upregulated expression of genes, and green means downregulated expression of genes. The number in each sample name represents the sample order. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)Published as part of Qin, Cheng, Ahanger, Mohammad Abass, Lin, Bo, Huang, Ziguang, Zhou, Jie, Ahmed, Nadeem, Ai, Suilong, Mustafa, Nabil S.A., Ashraf, Muhammad & Zhang, Lixin, 2021, Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory effects of acetylcholine on salt tolerance of Nicotiana benthamiana, pp. 1-12 in Phytochemistry (112582) 181 on page 6, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112582, http://zenodo.org/record/829075
Fig. 8 in Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory effects of acetylcholine on salt tolerance of Nicotiana benthamiana
No full textFig. 8. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) validation of selected differentially expressed genes detected in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The expression levels obtained by RT-qPCR are represented in black lines, RT-qPCR data showed the mean values from three replicates, and the error bars represent the SE of the means, while the corresponding expression data for RNA-seq are represented in the white histogram. CN, control; CN + ACh, 10 μM acetylcholine; NaCl, 150 mM NaCl stress; NaCl + ACh, 150 mM NaCl stress plus 10 μM acetylcholine.Published as part of Qin, Cheng, Ahanger, Mohammad Abass, Lin, Bo, Huang, Ziguang, Zhou, Jie, Ahmed, Nadeem, Ai, Suilong, Mustafa, Nabil S.A., Ashraf, Muhammad & Zhang, Lixin, 2021, Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory effects of acetylcholine on salt tolerance of Nicotiana benthamiana, pp. 1-12 in Phytochemistry (112582) 181 on page 8, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112582, http://zenodo.org/record/829075
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