29 research outputs found
Politics of Nawab of Kalabagh Malik Amir Muhammad Khan (1910-1967)
No full textPolitical ideology of Nawab of Kalabagh Malik Amir Muhammad Khan (1910-67) was based on the perception of a highly educated but conservative feudal. He advocated status quo in almost all the matters including foreign relations. He advised Ayub Khan not to switch over to China because it would antagonise U.S.A. He was not so optimist about the solution of Kashmir issue. His pragmatic approach favoured the peaceful method of negotiation instead of confrontation. General perception portrays him as a typical landlord who was averse to education and freedom of press. Evidences from history reveal that there is a partial truth in it. He liked a responsible press which should not be left unbridled. Bengalis of East Pakistan made the bigger chunk of the total population of Pakistan. He, as a non-Bengali of West Pakistan, was apprehensive of their strength in numbers. Anti-One Unit politicians were secessionists in the eyes of Nawab so were dealt severely. He treated his political rivals according to their strength and ambitions. He was suspicious of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto because he (Bhutto) was too ambitious to be trusted. He allegedly victimized Chaudhri Zahoor Elahi because Chaudhri had desired to replace him. Mawlana A. Sattar Niazi, Habibullah Paracha and Pir of Makhad Sharif used to challenge his supremacy in his native area so Nawab had to deal them harshly. It can be derived that his political outlook reflected the mindset of a typical feudal lord
Application framework for forest surveillance and data acquisition using unmanned aerial vehicle system
No full textUnmanned aerial vehicle surveillance system (UAVSS) for forest surveillance and data acquisition
No full textMassive extra dural collection post cranioplasty causing rapid deterioration of the patient
No full textIntroduction. Cranioplasty is a standard neurosurgical procedure these days where surgeons repair a defect or deformity of a skull. This procedure can lead to fatal experiences after surgery. We encounter a similar experience we want to share.
Case report. we present a case of 37 years 37-year-old patient who developed epidural fluid collection after cranioplasty. The patient deteriorated after surgery which we managed carefully and recovered later.
Conclusion. Post-cranioplasty patients should be under observation and neurological deterioration should be kept in mind. Surgical intervention is not always needed and can be managed conservatively
Rural to Urban Migration in Pakistan : The Gender Perspective
No full textThis paper analyses gender dimensions in rural to urban migration (age 10 years and above) in Pakistan. The study is based on Labour Force Surveys 1996-2006. The findings of the study show that overtime internal migration (age 10 years and above) remained unchanged. Female migrants dominate in internal migration (age 10 years and above). In case of female migration, marriage plays a vital role. Further the direction of migration reveals that over time in internal migration the share of rural to urban migration has increased while urban to urban migration declined, however, the share of urban to urban migration remains highest in internal migration. Females are dominating in recent rural to urban move compared to long term and total rural to urban migration. Gender composition of intra-provincial move of rural to urban migration reveals that in all provinces female migrants are dominated. Further, the trend of intra and inter provincial move indicates that in all provinces long distance movement of females has increased. Not only the share of female migrant in rural to urban migration increased but there seems to be an increasing trend in family migration to cities. This seems to be due to the changes in agrarian structure and rural economy particularly increased in landless households, declined in share cropping and rise in small land holding. In addition to this , the trend in intra and inter-provincial move reveals that except in province of NWFP in all three provinces migration to long distance has an upward trend. Gender composition reveals that in all these three provinces the proportion of both male and female migrants increased over time.Rural to Urban Migration, Agrarian Structure
Frequency of Surgical Site Infection in Response to Single Dose Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Excision
No full textObjective: To measure the frequency of infection with single dose antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery for intervertebral disc prolapse.Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad for ten months. In total 400 patients both male and female, undergoing surgery for lumbar disc herniation (single level lumbar intervertebral disc), meeting inclusion criteria, were selected for the study. Postoperative frequency of surgical site infection was measured using redness, pain, raised local temperature and wound discharge as diagnostic criteria. Postoperative surgical site infection was measured using the above criteria scale on 3rd postoperative day and 15th postoperative day. The frequency of infection in the studied patients on day 3 and day 15 was calculated. P-value of <0.05 5 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Out of total 400 patients, 290 were males and 110 were females, the age distribution was from 24 to 70 years. Mean age was 48.2± 10.8 SD. ESR for the patients ranged from 2 to 36 with a mean of 11±4.6. White cell count of the patients ranged from 2900 to 20100 with a mean of 7342±2100. Only 7 patients (1.7%) developed infection on third day of surgery and it persisted in only 4 patients (1%) till day 15 of surgery.Conclusion: Single dose preoperative antibiotic is effective in postoperative wound infection prophylaxis. This protocol if followed can prevent drug resistance and multiple doses related side effects and can cut hospital cost
Impact of Time Taken on the Surgical Outcome of Extradural Hematoma in Patients with Road Traffic Accidents
No full textBackground: To determine the impact of time taken on the surgical outcome of extradural hematoma in patients with road traffic accidents.Methods: Sixty adult patients with history of road traffic accident with extradural hematoma on axial images of CT scan brain were included. All patients were allocated into three groups with 20 patients in each group. Patients in Group I were those in whom time from the occurrence of trauma to the surgical evacuation of hematoma was < 1 hour, 1 to 6 hours in group II and > 6 hours in group III.Results: In group I, majority (90 %) showed favourable outcome. In group II, 70 % showed favourable outcome. In group III, 50 % showed favourable outcome. Significant association was found between outcome and time of surgery (p<0.05).Conclusions: Frequency of favourable outcome after surgical evacuation was significantly higher in patients in whom surgery was performed within one hour after the trauma (P<0.05)
Comparison of Decompressive Craniectomy and Multi-Dural Stabs with Decompressive Craniectomy and Open-Dural Flap Method, in the Treatment of Acute Subdural Hematomas
No full textBackground: To compare the functional outcome between decompressive craniectomy and multi-dural stabs, with decompressive craniectomy and open-dural flap, in the removal of acute subdural hematomas .
Methods : In this randomized controlled trial, 64 patients, with acute sub-dural hematomas were included. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of lottery method. All patients gave informed written consent. In group A, all patients were operated upon by multi-dural stab technique and in group B, patients were operated upon by open-dural flap technique. The objective degree of recovery in the patients treated by both craniectomy techniques was assessed by Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS), having maximum of 5 and minimum of 1 score. Favourable outcome was at points 4-5 and Un-favourable at 1-3 points, at 2 weeks. GOS attached as annexure A. Favourable outcome was assessed at 2 weeks according to GOS.
Results : The mean age in group-A and group-B was 59.09 ± 9.39 years and 59.56 ± 9.98 years. Males constituted the main in both groups. Mean GOS in group A and in group B, was 3.06 ± 1.24 and 2.69 ± 0.82 respectively. Statistically mean GOS was same in this study groups, p-value 0.159, > 0.05. There were 37.5% patients in group A and 9.4% patients in group B who had favourable results, while in group A and group B, 62.5% and 90.60% patients had unfavourable results. Favourable results were statistically more in group A as compared to group B, p-value =0.008.
Conclusion: Treatment of acute subdural hematoma by decompressive craniectomy with multi dural stabs technique has more favourable results (using GOS) than decompressive craniectomy with open-dural flap technique
Effectiveness of Scalp Nerves Block in Reducing the Immediate Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy in Elective Neurosurgical Procedures
No full textObjective: To determine the usefulness of regional scalp block in controlling pain after craniotomy.
Methodology: This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted at the Pakistan Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad from November 2021 to April 2022. Adult patients aged 18 to 65 years, scheduled for elective craniotomy for neurosurgical procedures with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of I or II, of either gender, were included. Patients underwent craniotomy for their respective lesions. Patients were randomized into two groups: one receiving a regional scalp nerve block of 0.5% bupivacaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine after general anesthesia, and the other undergoing general anesthesia as a placebo. Pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score at baseline (preoperatively), at 1 hour postoperatively, and at 6 hours postoperatively.
Results: The mean age of patients in the treatment group was 43.14 years, while in the control group, it was 42.55 years. The treatment group had 26 males (54.2%) and 22 females (45.8%), while the control group had 25 males (52.1%) and 23 females (47.9%). There was no significant difference in the VAS score preoperatively (p > 0.05). Patients undergoing surgeries lasting less than 3 hours showed that the treatment group had a significantly lower mean VAS score of 3.08 at 1 hour compared to the control group's score of 5.11 (p = 0.027), while at the 6-hour post-surgery it was insignificant (p = 0.844). For surgeries lasting more than 3 hours, the treatment group had a significantly lower mean VAS score at 1 hour and at 6 hours post-surgery compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There were no overall complications associated with the subcutaneous injection of epinephrine and bupivacaine in blocking the scalp nerves.
Conclusion: The administration of scalp nerve blocks using bupivacaine and epinephrine prior to surgical incisions has demonstrated notable advantages in terms of postoperative pain management. Such nerve blocks can offer superior postoperative analgesia compared to the control group
Consuming the jihad : an enquiry into the subculture of internet jihadism
No full textRecent years have seen a great deal of interest in phenomena such as Al Qaida ‘terrorism’, Islamic ‘radicalism’ or, increasingly, ‘jihadism’ - on the Internet. However, as I argue in this thesis, much work in these areas has been problematic for a number of reasons. Much literature has been narrowly focused on the security issues which it pre-judges the content to raise, and has therefore taken some aspects too literally while ignoring others. Conversely,
where authors have addressed ‘jihadi’ content or ‘electronic jihad’ as a phenomenon unto itself, they have had difficulty making sense of it within religious studies or political communication frameworks. In this dissertation, I propose an alternative approach. Deliberately eschewing frameworks based on pre-existing conceptions of religion or politics, I draw, instead, on the academic literature on fandom and subcultural media consumption.
Using this conceptual lens, I attempt to analyse jihadism on the Internet (which I define in terms of online consumption of, and identification with self-described ‘jihadi’ content) as a subcultural phenomenon on its own terms. I argue that, without necessarily denying the role that beliefs and ideals expressed in ‘jihadi’ content may sometimes have in sustaining the
physical violence of the ‘global jihad’, the cultural practices which constitute Internet
jihadism have a tactical logic of their own which may not always coincide with the ‘strategic’ interests of ‘global jihad’. By better understanding what ‘ordinary' jihadis, most of whom will never participate in violence, get out of their practices, and how they negotiate the apparent contradictions of their situation, I suggest that we may be better placed to understand not only why some jihadis ‘fail’ to negotiate these contradictions, but also,
perhaps, to raise questions about how popular media consumption works more generally
