105 research outputs found
The Lament of the Decline of the Ummah in Modern Urdu Naat: عصرجدیدکی اُردو نعت میں زوالِ امت کا استغاثہ
No full textTime is a mysterious and divine secret, explored by philosophers for centuries without a definitive answer. According to Allama Iqbal, the cycle of day and night defines life and death. The golden era of history was the time of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), followed by the Rightly Guided Caliphate. However, decline set in with monarchy and dynastic rule. For the past two centuries, Muslims have faced continuous downfall. In Naat poetry, alongside praising the Prophet (PBUH), poets have expressed sorrow over the Ummah’s decline. Hali’s Musaddas laments, "O special messenger, it is time for prayer." Iqbal echoes, "The fire of extinguished love is darkness, not Muslims, but a pile of ashes." Modern poets highlight the plight of the oppressed, the invasion of foreigners, and the disparity between the elite and the poor. As Mukhtar Azmi says, "Where do you go, O God? The nation of your Prophet (PBUH) has wandered in despair.
References:
The Quran, Surah: 103
Iqbal, Allama Muhammad, Bāl-e-Jibrīl, Lahore: Ilm-o-Irfan Publications, 2010, p. 93
The Quran, Surah: 3
Sunan Abi Dawood, Hadith: 4297
Mukhtar Masood, Awaaz-e-Dost, Lahore: Shah Begum & Sheikh Ataullah Trust, 2010
Ibn Khaldun, Hayat-o-Asar, Translated by Muhammad Kazim, Lahore: Alqa Publications, 2019, p. 122
Tahir-ul-Qadri, Dr., Naqsha: Urooj-o-Zawal, Lahore: Minhaj Publications, 2010
Hali, Altaf Hussain, Kulliyat-e-Hali, Lahore: Sheikh Ghulam Ali & Sons, 2000
Iqbal, Allama Muhammad, Poem: Huzoor-e-Risalat Ma'ab ﷺ Mein, included in Bang-e-Dra, Lahore: Ilm-o-Irfan Publications, 2014, p. 197
Iqbal, Allama Muhammad, Poem: Zauq-o-Shauq, included in Bāl-e-Jibrīl, Lahore: Ilm-o-Irfan Publications, 2014, p. 111
Qadri, Dr. Hussain Mohi-ud-Din, Falsafa-e-Tehreek, Lahore: Minhaj-ul-Quran Publications, 2012, p. 111
The Quran, Surah: 3
Ayub Nadeem, Dr., Ujala Huzoor ﷺ Ka, Lahore: Gohar Publications
Mukhtar Azmi, Kitab-e-Dil, Lahore: Nasta'liq Publications, 2018, p. 1
Ecocriticism: Basic Concerns
No full textThe main concern of Ecocriticism is to explore the relationship between literature and the physical environment. It analyzes the nature of expressions made in literary texts about nature and external environment. At its core, it is a reflexive study of literary texts, which foster anthropocentric power-based narratives. This paper describes the philosophical, ethical and political epistemology of Ecocriticism. In the Philosophical section, the arguments of Spinoza and Bacon are used, while in the Ethical section, the philosophies of Erne Naees are elaborated. In the political context, two sub-schools of Ecocriticism have been interpreted, Ecofeminism and postcolonial environmentalism. This is intended to show that the spread of Ecocriticism discussions in various academic and intellectual dimensions is not only an affirmation of its multidisciplinary approach. But also an argument for Ecocriticism to be a stable field of knowledge and literary Criticism.</span
ORAL METHOTREXATE AS SECOND LINE CHEMOTHERAPY IN PLATINUM-REFRACTORY OR RELAPSED SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE HEAD AND NECK
Full text linkPurpose: Platinum-refractory or relapsed squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is considered to have poor prognosis. Although cetuximab is currently recommended as category 1 in this group of patients, the use of it is hampered in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Pakistan due to nancial constraints. Further, majority of the population of these countries is unable to tolerate toxicity related to other intravenous chemotherapeutic agents due to lower socioeconomic background with poor nutrition status. The aim of this study is to evaluate the response rate and toxicity of oral methotrexate (MTX) in platinum-refractory or relapsed SCCHN. Methods: Between June 2008 and December 2012, 71 patients received palliative oral MTX either due to recurrent or persistent disease. With a median age of 51 years (range 22–75), there were 68% of males and 32% of females. Site distribution was as following; oral cavity 58%, nasopharynx 25%, hypopharynx 7%, paranasal sinuses 6%, larynx 3%, Oropharynx 1%. Patterns of recurrence; local 32%, regional 07%, loco regional 10%, distant 15% and persistent disease in 36% of the patients. All the patients received oral MTX 10 mg once a day, 4 days a week. To contain the possible side effects associated with MTX, folinic acid 15 mg per oral every 6 hourly on day 5 was prescribed. Response assessment was done on two monthly basis. Response, toxicity, mean response time and mean time to progression were determined. Results: Response to MTX was as following; complete response 3%, partial response 4%, stable disease 11% and progressive disease in 82% of the patients respectively. Toxicity related to oral MTX includes neutropenia Grade III in 1% while mucositis Grade III in 10% of the patients, respectively. None of the patient had Grade IV mucositis or haematological toxicity. Treatment was stopped in 13% of the patients due to poor compliance. Mean response time was 4 months (range 1 – 20) and mean time to progression was 5 months (range 1–23). Conclusion: Oral MTX is a simple, cost-effective and well-tolerated regimen to be used on outpatient basis for palliation in platinum refractory or relapsed SCCHN in LMICs and debilitated patients. This treatment merits further evaluation in large-scale clinical trials. Key words: Oral methotrexate, platinum refractory, relapsed squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck
Astrology in literature: how the prohibited became permissible in the Arabic poetry of the mediaeval period
Full text linkThis thesis is concerned to position the art of astrology within the context of classical Arabic poetry, primarily by investigating and elucidating attitudes to the notion of
qadar (fate) and the ideology in which it was embedded. These attitudes were revelatory of the broader world view of the Arabs of those periods, and their shifts from those held in the pre-Islamic and early Islamic eras tell us a good deal about the importance given to the nature and role of fate and about the various understandings of its influence. The pre-Islamic Arab's notion of qadar was in some ways similar to that of the early Muslims: both emphasised predetermination and the irresistible power of fate. But while the jahilf (Pre-Islamic) Arabs identified fate with the malign power of dahr (Time), the Muslims believed the power of fate lies in the hands of God the
Omnipotent, who alone is responsible for the fate of the whole universe. Thus the astrology of the pre-Islamic era was one aspect of divination (kihana) and claimed to be
able to reveal in advance an individual's destiny, which could be avoided by taking certain precautions. These precautions, however, were considered effective only in
relatively trivial cases; they were useless in the areas of major impact: a person's happiness or misery (shaqiiwa aw sa ada), sustenance (rizq) and one's term (ajal), the
three inevitable and irresistible manifestations of fate. In the Islamic period not only these major aspects of life are governed and controlled by the Omnipotent; the destiny
of the universe, in even its most minute details, is determined and controlled by God alone. Astrology was considered to be of no value whatsoever, and its practitioners were subject to the death penalty. These two irreconcilable views are evident in early Islamic poetry, which reflected clearly the response of poets, and society, to astrology from the perspective of qadar.
When the orthodox caliphate was replaced by dynastic rule the status of astrology was changed dramatically. The idea that the stars, as indicators, play a role in the life of
human beings found popowerful supporters in some governors of the Islamic world, who allowed astrology to fulfil a public function regardless of the hostility of the official
religion of that society. This social phenomenon generated rich material of a controversial character in the realm of literature. Investigating the factors, motivations
and impact of mediaeval political, theological and philosophical attitudes to astrology, in relation to the notions of free will and predestination, is the concern of this study
Atypical involvement of central nervous system in classic Hodgkin lymphoma: A case report
Full text linkBackground: Hodgkin lymphoma is a systemic disease that commonly involves the cervical, supraclavicular, and mediastinal lymph nodes. The involvement of central nervous system in Hodgkin lymphoma is extremely rare, and diagnosis is usually established using distinct morphological and immunohistochemical staining on the tissue biopsied. Extranodal presentation of HL is a rare occurrence. It has been evident that prognosis is encouraging in patients with disease that is limited to just central nervous system initially or as relapse, compared with involvement of multiple sites of relapse.Case presentation: We herein report a case of a 35-year-old South-East Asian male with relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma. The patient developed a parotid gland lesion, cervical lymphadenopathy with significant weight loss, and intermittent night sweats. Along with spread to the central nervous system, there was a high suspicion of tuberculosis. Upon biopsy of his cervical lymph node, the patient was confirmed to have Hodgkin lymphoma. Immediate treatment began with six cycles of chemotherapy consisting of adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine. The patient received three cycles of chemotherapy consisting of ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide but then was lost to follow-up. Five years later, the patient suffered a road traffic accident. Upon work-up, a right parietal space-occupying lesion with moderate cerebral edema and midline shift was found on computed tomography of the brain. The patient underwent resection of the space-occupying lesion of brain, with features consistent with classical Hodgkin lymphoma on histopathology examination. It is crucial for such lesions to be investigated meticulously to rule out any secondary disease process.Conclusion: Relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma with central nervous system involvement is relatively rare with just over two dozen cases reported to date and is observed infrequently in developing nations. Therefore, space-occupying lesion should always be investigated, and biopsy of such lesions is gold standard to establish diagnosis. With timely appropriate therapy, complete remission can be achieved. However, large-scale studies would be prudent to explore the presentation, survival, and treatment options for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma involving the central nervous system
Needs of Digital Literacy in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Review
Full text linkThis comprehensive review examines the evolving and critical need for digital literacy in the era of Artificial Intelligence (AI). It analyses how the proliferation of AI technologies across various sectors necessitates a fundamental redefinition of digital literacy, moving beyond mere technical proficiency to encompass a multifaceted skill set. The paper synthesizes existing literature to identify the core dimensions of AI-era digital literacy, including critical understanding and evaluation of AI-generated content, awareness of AI\u27s societal and ethical implications, practical utilization of AI tools, ethical behaviour concerning data privacy and algorithmic fairness, and adaptability to continuous technological advancements.
The review highlights significant challenges, such as the persistent digital divide, resistance to technology among educators, inadequate training, unequal resource access, and pressing ethical concerns like algorithmic bias. Conversely, it also recognizes AI\u27s potential to personalize learning, foster critical thinking, and enhance educational outcomes. To bridge the identified gaps, the paper emphasizes the urgent need for inclusive AI literacy programs, targeted teacher professional development, interdisciplinary curriculum redesign, supportive policy frameworks, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. The findings underscore that fostering comprehensive digital literacy is essential for empowering individuals to navigate, critically engage with, and ethically contribute to an increasingly AI-integrated society, thereby ensuring equitable and responsible participation in the digital future.
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Multiphoton blockade and antibunching in an optical cavity coupled with dipole-dipole interacting -type atoms
Full text linkWe study multiphoton blockade effects in a single-mode cavity interacting
with two three-level atoms in -configuration having position-dependent
atom-field coupling. We consider the effects of dipole-dipole interaction (DDI)
between the three-level atoms and show how the presence of DDI strongly
influences the multiphoton blockade. For symmetric coupling of the atoms with
the field, the DDI induces an asymmetry in the emission spectra as a function
of pump field detuning. At positive detuning, the single-photon blockade gets
stronger as a function of DDI strength, leading to photon antibunching.
However, it becomes weaker at negative detuning and can also completely vanish.
We show that this vanishing single-photon blockade is associated with a strong
two-photon blockade, leading to two-photon bunching. Therefore, by just tuning
the frequency of the pump field, we can achieve two very distinct features. We
also study the effects of DDI when the atoms are asymmetrically coupled with
the field and show that the proposed system exhibits two-photon bunching. We
believe our results are important for the experimental realization of such
systems where DDI may be present.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figure
Feasibility analysis for incorporating/deploying SIEM for forensics evidence collection in cloud environment
No full textLong-Term Challenges to Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries
No full textZusammenfassungÜber die Langzeitfolgen des Erdbebens im Jahr 2005 in Pakistan für Patienten, die eine Rückenmarksverletzung erlitten haben, wurde wenig berichtet. Obwohl seitdem mehr als 10 Jahre vergangen sind, benötigen betroffene Patienten in diesen Regionen immer noch ein umfassendes Rehabilitationsprogramm. Insgesamt 180 Teilnehmer wurden für diese Befragung kontaktiert; zur Datenerhebung wurde ein Fragebogen zur gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität genutzt. Die gesammelten Daten wurden mit SPSS, Version 23, ausgewertet. Ein Großteil der Teilnehmer ordnete sich in die Kategorie ‚schlechter Gesundheitszustand‘ ein. Die durchschnittliche Zeit, in der die Teilnehmer in den letzten 30 Tagen physische und psychische Beschwerden hatten, betrug 3,0 ± 1,6 Tage, beziehungsweise 4,8 ± 1,8 Tage. Die Hauptprobleme dieser Patienten sind nach wie vor Rückenschmerzen und Gehunfähigkeit. In den vom Erdbeben betroffenen Gebieten besteht immer noch Verbesserungsbedarf in der Rehabilitation von Menschen mit Behinderungen, insbesondere mit Rückenmarksverletzungen.</jats:p
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