77 research outputs found
Rainfall Extremes: a Novel Modeling Approach for Regionalization
No full textThe rainfall events of extreme magnitude over the past few decades have caused destructive damages to lives and properties, especially in the subcontinent (e.g. Pakistan, India, Bangladesh etc). Rainfall hazard maps for these areas can be of great practical and theoretical interests. In our work, we used extreme value analysis and spatial interpolation techniques to provide such maps through a combination of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Precipitation (TRMM) 3B42 product and raingauge data. This mixed approach takes advantage of both the long time series available at a limited number of stations, and the large spatial coverage of the satellite data which, instead, has a poor temporal extent. The methodology is implemented by (1) creating a unique growth curve for the homogeneous region by utilizing in-situ rainfall data and (2) mapping the parameters of intensity-duration functions for the entire length of the study area by using TRMM 3B42 product. The regional results obtained by using mixed approach and TRMM 3B42 are compared with the estimates obtained by using in-situ data. The comparison showed that the overall output of mixed approach is more consistent with what transpired by in-situ data for a pre-defined return period
Genetic Divergence in Brassica napus L. Germplasm as Determined by Quantitative Attributes
No full textBrassica napus L., a candidate with high yield and good quality oil potential was evaluated for genetic divergence for
two years on two locations. A collection of 328 lines belonging to various origins along with a check variety Faisal Canola
was sown in the field following augmented design and phenotyped for eighteen quantitative traits. The recorded data when
statistically analyzed inferred that, days to flower initiation, 50 % flowering, flower completion, 50 % maturity were main
contributors of variations in the germplasm and were highly related with pod dehiscence and yield. Furthermore, BN328,
BN371, BN494, BN618, BN625 and BN627 were found diverse lines in both years. The outcomes from this study are very
helpful to proceed for any Oilseed rape breeding programs to improve yield
Multi-Wheels are Cycle Anti-Supermagic
No full textA graph G(V,E) has an H-covering if every edge in E belongs to a subgraph of G isomorphic to H. Suppose G admits an H-covering. An H-magic labeling is a total labeling λ from V(G)∪E(G)
onto the integers {1, 2, …, |V(G)∪E(G)|} with the property that, for every subgraph A of G isomorphic to H there is a positive integer c such that <inline-formula> <mml:math display="block"> <mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msub>
<mml:mo>∑</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:mo>∈</mml:mo><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow>
</mml:msub> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub> <mml:mo>∑</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>∈</mml:mo><mml:mi>E</mml:mi><mml:mo
stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mo>.</mml:mo>
</mml:math> </inline-formula> A graph that admits such a labeling is called H-magic. In addition, if <inline-formula> <mml:math display="block"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi><mml:mo
stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mi>V</mml:mi> </mml:mrow>
</mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>...</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>|</mml:mo><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>|</mml:mo>
</mml:mrow> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:math> </inline-formula> then the graph is called H-supermagic. Moreover a graph is said to be H-(a,d) antimagic if the magic constant for an arithmetics progression
with initial value A and a common difference d. In this paper we formulate cycle c3 − (a, d) anti-supermagic labelings for the Multi-Wheels graph, supermagic labelings for disjoint union of isomorphic copies of Multi-Wheels graph and cycle (a,
d)-anti-supermagic labelings for Web graph.</jats:p
History matters in making Lahore sustainable
No full textLahore, the second-largest city of Pakistan, is facing sharp population growth and economic development coupled with increased motorisation and a deteriorating urban environment. This is due to a long history of investment into roads and low-density suburban housing development in Lahore which increases motorisation. This paper provides a historical overview of urban planning in Lahore by shedding light on the Mughal and the British period of development followed by the post-independence planning paradigm in the city. This paper examines the contradictions and uncertainties that have characterised urban planning in Lahore in the pre and post-independence period by using a sustainable city and sustainable transport literature. The analysis shows that Lahore traditionally attracted investment in the high-quality roads infrastructure (flyovers, underpasses and a ring road) and recently in the country first ever Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system (2013) and Metro Train project (2018) in the city. The paper argues that the Lahore BRT and Metro train projects can provide a window of opportunity to redefine transport and land use issues and offer a transit-oriented development (TOD) solutions in Lahore
Computing the Metric Dimension of Gear Graphs
No full textLet G = (V, E) be a connected graph and d(u, v) denote the distance between the vertices u and v in G. A set of vertices W resolves a graph G if every vertex is uniquely determined by its vector of distances to the vertices in W. A metric dimension of G is the minimum cardinality of a resolving set of G and is denoted by dim(G). Let J2n,m be a m-level gear graph obtained by m-level wheel graph W2n,m ≅ mC2n + k1 by alternatively deleting n spokes of each copy of C2n and J3n be a generalized gear graph obtained by alternately deleting 2n spokes of the wheel graph W3n. In this paper, the metric dimension of certain gear graphs J2n,m and J3n generated by wheel has been computed. Also this study extends the previous result given by Tomescu et al. in 2007
Determinants of Urban Poverty : The Case of Medium Sized City in Pakistan
No full textUrban poverty, which is distinct from rural poverty due to demographic, economic and political aspects remain hitherto unexplored, at the city level in Pakistan. We have examined the determinants of urban poverty in Sargodha, a medium-size city of Pakistan. The analysis is based on the survey of 330 households. Results suggest that employment in public sector, investment in human capital and access to public amenities reduce poverty while employment in informal sector, greater household size and female dominated households increase poverty. We recommend greater investment in human capital and public amenities as a strategy for poverty alleviation.Urban Poverty, Pakistan
Determinants of Urban Poverty: The Case of Medium Sized City in Pakistan
No full textUrban poverty, which is distinct from rural poverty due to demographic, economic and political aspects remain hitherto unexplored, at the city level in Pakistan. We have examined the determinants of urban poverty in Sargodha, a medium-size city of Pakistan. The analysis is based on the survey of 330 households. Results suggest that employment in public sector, investment in human capital and access to public amenities reduce poverty while employment in informal sector, greater household size and female dominated households increase poverty. We recommend greater investment in human capital and public amenities as a strategy for poverty alleviation.Urban Poverty, Pakistan
Learning from the past
No full textPurpose:
The paper provides a historical analysis of the disaster management structure, policies and institutions in Pakistan between 1947 and 2005, and highlights the contemporary challenges in view of the learning from the past.
Design/methodology/approach:
The paper uses a historic-integrative case study approach to disaster management and risk reduction policy, planning and practice. Qualitative data was collected through purposive sampling and a case study design was adopted. A broad range of actors was recruited as research participants. In total, 22 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted in relation to this study in six different districts of Pakistan to achieve insight into the role of different institutions and stakeholders.
Findings:
Overall, the post-colonial flood-centric policy framework and fragmented responsibilities of different disaster management institutions show the lack of an effective institutional structure for disaster management and mitigation in Pakistan, particularly at the local level. Until the event of the 2005 earthquake, policies heavily relied on attaining immediate and short-term goals of Response and Relief while ignoring the long-term objectives of strategic planning for Prevention and Preparedness as well as capacity building and empowerment of local institutions and communities.
Practical implications:
The analysis explains, in part, why disaster planning and management needs to be given due attention in the developing countries at different policy scales (from local to national) especially in the face of limited resources, and what measures should be taken to improve effectiveness at different phases of the disaster management cycle.
Originality/value:
The paper advances the importance of a historical case study approach to disaster management and mitigation. The empirical work provides original research evidence about the approaches to dealing with disasters in Pakistan and thus enriches existing knowledge of disaster management policy and planning about the country
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