57 research outputs found
Methodology Of Molana Muhammad Idress Kandehlvi(1899-1974) In His Tafseer Marif Ul Quran (Tafseer Bil Rai)
No full textThe Holy Quran is a comprehensive guidance for mankind and an everlasting miracle revealed by Allah almighty to His last messenger prophet Muhammad peace be upon him. With respect to its contents it is the source of all knowledge and science. It has pointed out many scientific and historical facts which were not only unknown at that time but not even be imagined. The knowledge that refers to the findings and descriptions of the Holy Quran is called Ilme-Tafsyr.This work has been started from the prestigious age of the Holy Prophet peace be upon him.His followers(Sahaba)established numerous school. (Madaris)of tafsyr within the perimeter of Arab and outside .Many Tafasyrs have been compiled on various perspectives. In Urdu language valuable Tafasyrs have been written among them one is Maarif -al -Quran by Mulana Muhammad Idrees Kandehlvi.The author under reference is a well known authority among the scholars of Islam.He has a distinctive position in all fields of religuious sciences especially Tafsyr and Hadith. Maarif ul Quran is his master piece which he wrote in his later part of life. This Tafseer is a brief synopse and summary of the past tafsyrs.Since Maarif ul Quran is very popular among all and sundry, and many logical problems have been solved in a realistic way so in the article under reference this aspect (Tafsyr Bil Rai)of the said prominent Mufassir was choosen for discussion which will prove very useful for scholars.
Optimization of Caffeine Extraction from Various Tea Types Using Dichloromethane as an Organic Solvent
No full textCaffeine, as 1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione, represents a naturally occurring alkaloid within the methyl xanthine family. Exhibiting bitterness and an odorless state in its pure form, caffeine manifests as needle-like crystals. Found abundantly in tea, coffee beans, kola nuts, and cocoa beans, this compound stimulates the central nervous system, respiration, and cardiac activity. Ubiquitously present in everyday products such as soft drinks, tea, coffee, chocolates, pharmaceutical drugs, and skincare items, caffeine plays a pivotal role. This study focuses on the extraction of caffeine from various tea types, including used tea, utilizing dichloromethane as an organic solvent. Investigating the impact of temperature and residence time on the extraction efficiency, we observed a direct correlation between these factors and efficiency. Notably, the residence time exhibited a significant effect up to a certain threshold, beyond which no substantial difference in extraction efficiency was observed. The optimal conditions for caffeine extraction were identified at 100 °C with a residence time of 30 min. The findings revealed the extraction of 0.089 g of caffeine from black tea, 0.06 g from used black tea, 0.08 g from green tea, and 0.047 g from used green tea
A Review on the Recent Advances in Pharmacological Studies on Medicinal Plants; Animal Studies are Done but Clinical Studies Needs Completing
No full textDisseminated hydatid cyst of liver and lung
No full textHydatid cyst commonly affects liver followed by lung, but rarely affects both organs simultaneously. Here we presented a patient who presented with concurrent involvement of both lungs and liver. Patient presented with dyspnoea and generalised weakness with bilateral rounded opacities throughout the lung field of variable sizes. CT scan chest with contrast showed multiple rounded soft tissue density in both lungs and liver. Patient underwent mini thoracotomy which revealed multiple cystic lesions throughout lung. ELISA for anti-Echinococcusantibodies shows positive titres. Due to extensive involvement, patient was started on medical treatment albendazole. The patient showed significant improvement both clinically and radiographically on treatment. Thus long-term medical treatment helps in such cases where surgery is not possible
Magnetohydrodynamic CNTs Casson Nanofluid and Radiative heat transfer in a Rotating Channels
No full textThe main purpose of this investigation is to inspect the innovative conception of the magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) nanoparticles of single wall carbon nanotubes base on the fluids (water, engine oil, and ethylene, glycol and kerosene oil) between two rotating parallel plates. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) parade sole assets due to their rare structure. Such structure has significant optical and electronics features, wonderful strength and elasticity, and high thermal and chemical permanence. The heat exchange phenomena is deliberated subject to thermal radiation. Kerosene oil is taken as based nano fluids because of its unique attention due to their advanced thermal conductivities, exclusive features, and applications. The fluid flow is presumed in steady state. With the help of suitable resemblance variables, the fundamental leading equations have been converted to a set of differential equations. To obtain the solution of the modeled problem, the homotopic approach has been used. The influence of imbedded physical variables upon the velocities and temperature profiles are defined and deliberated through graphs. Moreover, for the several values of relevant variables, the skin fraction coefficient and local Nusselt number are tabulated. Plots have been presented in order to examine how the velocities and temperature profile get affected by various flow parameters
Ambient Air Quality Assessment in Karachi, Sindh Pakistan
No full textPakistan’s urban air pollution is amongst the utmost severity in the world that causes acute damage to the economy and human health. This study was designed for the assessment of ambient air quality in different areas of Karachi. The data were collected as pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season from main industrial zones of Karachi, S.I.T.E area, North Karachi industrial area, Korangi industrial area and Landhi industrial area in the year of 2017-2019. These zones are also a blend of industrial, residential, commercial and heavy traffic zones with dense populations. Ambient air data were collected for different pollutants like Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) and Particulate Matters (TSPM, PM10 and PM2.5). It is observed that in pre-monsoon, there is quite high intensity of particulate matter (TSPM, PM10 & PM2.5) present in the air, whereas CO and NO2 values found in all four zones are moderate in the air samples as prescribed by Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) standards. It is observed specifically in Landhi, S.I.T.E Area and Korangi industrial area which are more prone to the exposure of these pollutants. In post-monsoon, the intensity of particulate matters (TSPM, PM10 & PM2.5), CO and NO2 values in all four zones are less to moderate than the values of pre-monsoon due to the seasonal effects. Study data shows that three major zones; Landhi, Korangi and S.I.T.E. industrial areas are at a high exposure to gases and other toxic elements. North Karachi is at the least risk because of having a small scale of industries present. The PM10 & PM2.5 levels average about 2 - 3-fold greater than the SEPA standards. High levels of ambient air pollutants cause severe health problems and chronic diseases on human health. Therefore the implementation of rules and regulations regarding ambient air pollutants should be more rigorous
Spectrum of histopathological findings in postmenopausal bleeding
No full textObjective:To determine the frequencies of histopathological findings in endometrial and endocervical biopsy samples with clinical history of Postmenopausal Bleeding (PMB). Study Design:Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study:Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from February 2012 to January 2013. Methodology:Atotal of 157 consecutive endometrial and endocervical biopsy specimens with history of postmenopausal bleeding were included. After microscopic examination, frequencies of histological findings in different age groups were generated. Chi-square and independent sample t-tests were applied to see whether the difference was significant which was set at p \u3c 0.05. Results:One hundred and twenty-one (77.1%) specimens showed benign pathologies while 36 (22.9%) were malignant. Endometrial polyp was seen in 67 (42.7%) cases followed by endometrial carcinomas in 25 (15.9%), endometrial hyperplasia in 21 (13.4%), cervical carcinoma in 12 (7.6%) and cervical polyps in 9 (5.7%) cases. Ahighly significant increase in the percentage of malignant and pre-malignant lesions was seen with increasing age group (p \u3c 0.001). Mean age of patients with type-2 endometrial carcinoma was higher than type-1 endometrial carcinoma but statistical significance was not observed (70.2 ±6.5 vs. 61.8 ±9.1 years respectively, p=0.069). Conclusion:Although benign pathologies were more common in postmenopausal bleeding but the collective proportion of endometrial and cervical malignancies and pre-malignant conditions was quite high. Therefore, PMB should be urgently evaluated for cause and early commencement of treatmen
Experimental Investigation of Methane Hydrate Induction Time in the Presence of Cassava Peel as a Hydrate Inhibitor
No full textThe oil and gas industry faces numerous problems, from the exploration to the production phase. One of the most common problems faced by the industry is the formation of gas hydrates in the pipeline during the deep-water operation. The advancement of kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) has been rapid. However, as the natural degradation of conventional KHIs, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinylcaprolactam (PVCap), is challenging, there is a need to develop environmental-friendly KHIs with enhanced biodegradability to improve possible environmental risks. Thus, green inhibitors have been developed as a new class of KHIs. Research for enhancement of green hydrate inhibitors, as an alternative for existing low dosage hydrate inhibitors (LDHIs), has increased. In this paper, the effect of induction time with presence of cassava peels on the formation of methane hydrate was studied and compared with commercialized inhibitor, PVP. The performance of cassava peels as a kinetic hydrate inhibitor was investigated using high pressure micro differential scanning calorimetry (µ-DSC). For the induction time measurement, linear cooling ramps at a constant cooling rate of 0.5 K/min were used under isobaric conditions. Aqueous solutions of 0.5 wt % and 1.0 wt % of cassava peels were prepared and the induction time of methane hydrate formation in these solutions was measured at pressure ranges from 4.0 to 10.0 MPa. One of the characteristics to be a good kinetic inhibitor is the presence of hydroxyl functional group in inhibitors, which assist to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, thus preventing hydrates formation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirms the presence of hydroxyl groups in cassava peels with wavenumber value of 3370.68 cm−1. Cassava peel solution is observed to delay the induction times at all pressure settings and it is better at 1.0 wt % concentration. However, at lower pressures of 4 and 6 MPa, the performance is less effective when compared to a commercial inhibitor, PVP. At high pressures of 8 and 10 MPa, it can be seen that the performance is as effective as PVP. This research paper shows that cassava peels have high potential to be developed as a gas hydrate green kinetic inhibitor that can be applied for industry usage in the future
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