24 research outputs found
Optimizing the phosphorus use in cotton by using CSM-CROPGRO-cotton model for semi-arid climate of Vehari-Punjab, Pakistan
No full textRahman, Muhammad Habib ur/0000-0002-2823-9959; Jabran, Khawar/0000-0001-8512-3330; Hakeem, Khalid Rehman/0000-0001-7824-4695; Amin, Asad/0000-0003-2242-8377; Ata-Ul-Karim, Syed Tahir/0000-0001-5233-4502; Jatoi, Ghulam Hussain/0000-0002-7266-1567; Rehmani, M.I.A./0000-0001-7922-1233; Bajwa, Ali/0000-0002-7171-3118; Nadeem, Muhammad/0000-0002-7426-1196; Ata-Ul-Karim, Syed Tahir/0000-0001-5233-4502; Ameen, Asif/0000-0002-3982-7000; Islam, Faisal/0000-0002-1471-1570WOS: 000397013000067PubMed: 28054268Crop nutrient management is an essential component of any cropping system. With increasing concerns over environmental protection, improvement in fertilizer use efficiencies has become a prime goal in global agriculture system. Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important nutrients, and strategies are required to optimize its use in important arable crops like cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) that has great significance. Sustainable P use in crop production could significantly avoid environmental hazards resulting from over-P fertilization. Crop growth modeling has emerged as an effective tool to assess and predict the optimal nutrient requirements for different crops. In present study, Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer (DSSAT) sub-model CSM-CROPGRO- Cotton-P was evaluated to estimate the observed and simulated P use in two cotton cultivars grown at three P application rates under the semi-arid climate of southern Punjab, Pakistan. The results revealed that both the cultivars performed best at medium rate of P application (57 kg ha(-1)) in terms of days to anthesis, days to maturity, seed cotton yield, total dry matter production, and harvest index during 2013 and 2014. Cultivar FH-142 performed better than MNH-886 in terms of different yield components. There was a good agreement between observed and simulated days to anthesis (0 to 1 day), days to maturity (0 to 2 days), seed cotton yield, total dry matter, and harvest index with an error of -4.4 to 15%, 12-7.5%, and 13-9.5% in MNH-886 and for FH-142, 4-16%, 19-11%, and 16-8.3% for growing years 2013 and 2014, respectively. CROPGRO-Cotton-P would be a useful tool to forecast cotton yield under different levels of P in cotton production system of the semi-arid climate of Southern Punjab.Government of Australia [4915_2015]; Higher Education Commission (HEC) of PakistanHigher Education Commission of PakistanThe first author is grateful to the International Global Change Institute (IGCI) Hamilton, New Zealand, for providing the software (SimCLIM2013) and the required climatic dataset for future projections with for southern Punjab, Pakistan. The first author is thankful to Prof. Dr. Gerrit Hoogenboom (Ex-Director, AgWeatherNet, Washington State University, USA; Currently: University of Florida-USA), for his technical guidance and support during the entire period of study and modeling work. Furthermore, first author is highly thankful from NASA for weather data of respective years (which was obtained from website http://power.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/cgiwrap). The corresponding author (Wajid NASIM) is highly thankful to Government of Australia, for Endeavor Research Award/Fellowship (No. 4915_2015) to The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Sustainable Agriculture, National Research Flagship, Toowoomba-QLD 4350, Australia. Furthermore, co-authors (Wajid NASIM and Shakeel AHMAD) are highly thankful for Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan for partial funding
COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS FOR ACHENE YIELD AND RELATED TRAITS IN SUNFLOWER ( Helianthus annuus L.)
No full textTen sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) lines, five testers, and 50
crosses developed in line × tester fashion were evaluated for
general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA)
effects in a triplicate randomized complete block design, in
Faisalabad, during 2009-2010. Genetic variability among genotypes was
assessed for days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height,
internodal length, leaf area, number of leaves per plant, head
diameter, stem girth, percentage of filled achenes, 100 achene weight,
achene yield per plant. A-1, A-7, A-27 and A-39 had significant general
combining ability effects for days to flowering, days to maturity,
internodal length, leaf area, and achene yield per plant. Among
testers, A-26 and HBRS-1 were good general combiners for days to
flowering, days to maturity, plant height, leaf area, head diameter,
stem girth, percentage of filled achenes, 100-achene weight, and achene
yield per plant. Crosses A-165 × A-26, A-41 × A-35, A-1
× G-12, and A-41 × HBPS-1 had significant and positive SCA
effects for percentage of filled achenes, 100 achene weight, and achene
yield per plant. Four best SCA crosses are recommended to be the best
hybrids for cultivation. Non-additive type of gene action was found for
all of the plant traits, which is desirable for heterosis breeding and
may be exploited in hybrid seed production
COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS FOR ACHENE YIELD AND RELATED TRAITS IN SUNFLOWER ( Helianthus annuus L.)
No full textTen sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) lines, five testers, and 50
crosses developed in line × tester fashion were evaluated for
general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA)
effects in a triplicate randomized complete block design, in
Faisalabad, during 2009-2010. Genetic variability among genotypes was
assessed for days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height,
internodal length, leaf area, number of leaves per plant, head
diameter, stem girth, percentage of filled achenes, 100 achene weight,
achene yield per plant. A-1, A-7, A-27 and A-39 had significant general
combining ability effects for days to flowering, days to maturity,
internodal length, leaf area, and achene yield per plant. Among
testers, A-26 and HBRS-1 were good general combiners for days to
flowering, days to maturity, plant height, leaf area, head diameter,
stem girth, percentage of filled achenes, 100-achene weight, and achene
yield per plant. Crosses A-165 × A-26, A-41 × A-35, A-1
× G-12, and A-41 × HBPS-1 had significant and positive SCA
effects for percentage of filled achenes, 100 achene weight, and achene
yield per plant. Four best SCA crosses are recommended to be the best
hybrids for cultivation. Non-additive type of gene action was found for
all of the plant traits, which is desirable for heterosis breeding and
may be exploited in hybrid seed production
Comparative Efficiency of Native Insect Pollinators in Reproductive Performance of <i>Medicago sativa</i> L. in Pakistan
No full textLucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is a cross-pollinated crop and requires entomophilous pollination for tripping of flowers and subsequent pod and seed set. To discover the best pollinators for lucerne seed production, a two-year field trial was carried out at the research farm of MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan. Abundance and diversity of insect pollinators along with the foraging behavior were recorded in terms of tripping efficiency, stay time, visitation rate and pollen harvest. The single-visit efficiency of abundant insect pollinators was also evaluated in terms of number of seeds and seed weight per raceme along with germination percentage. Ten most abundant floral visitors (five solitary bee species, three honeybee species and two syrphid fly species) were tested for their pollination efficiency. Honeybees were most abundant in both the years followed by the solitary bees and syrphid flies. Single-visit efficacy in terms of number of pods per raceme, number of seeds per raceme, 1000 seed weight and germination percentage revealed Megachile cephalotes as the most efficient insect pollinator followed by Megachile hera and Amegilla sp. Future studies should investigate the biology and ecology of these bee species with special emphasis on their nesting behavior and seasonality
GENETIC VARIABILITY IN SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) FOR ACHENE YIELD AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS
No full textABSTRACT The research was conducted in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during year 2011. Ten accessions of sunflower were evaluated for genetic variability and association of morphological traits among themselves and with achene yield. The data were recorded on quantitative i.e. days to 50% flowering, days to 50% maturity, plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, head diameter, % filled achene, achene weight per head and 100 achene weight and qualitative traits i.e. lead habit, leaf shape, head shape, head angle at maturity, achene size, achene stripes and achene colour and subjected to analysis of variance, correlation and path coefficient analysis. Differences among the accessions were significant for all the traits under study except % filled achenes. The accession A-79 showed better performance for number of leaves per plant, leaf area, head diameter, % filled achenes, 100 achene weight and achene weight per head.HBRS-1, G-33 and G-8 also had appreciable performance for many traits. Genotypic correlations of achene weight were positive and significant with leaf area, number of leaves per plant, head diameter and 100 achene weights. Phenotypic correlations of all the traits were non-significant with achene weight per head. The trait 100 achene weight had the highest direct effect on achene weight per head followed by leaf area and days to 50%maturity. Days to 50% maturity had the highest positive indirect effect on achene weight per head via head diameter followed by head diameter and leaf area through 100 achene weight. It is suggested that 100 achene weight, leaf area and head diameter may be used in breeding program for selection of high yielding sunflower types
Drought Susceptibility Index; a Pr ought Susceptibility Index; a Preferred Criterion in Scr ed Criterion in Screening for eening for Tolerance in Soybean
No full textSoybean (Glycine max L.) yield and yield related traits are constrained by drought.
Adaptation of soybean to changing environment could be improved by exploitation and
introgression of diverse germplasm in breeding program. In present study, the response to
drought conditions, especially at flowering stage, was evaluated to determine the potential
soybean germplasm for future soybean breeding programs in Pakistan. Field experiment was
conducted under two water regimes i.e. well-water and water-limited, to assess the effect of
drought in seed yield and yield related traits. Although, drought led to overall reduction of
~15 % in thousand seed weight but still some soybean genotypes performed relatively better
under water-limited conditions. These genotypes were also tolerant to drought, with a drought
susceptibility index of < 0.5. PCA also explained the pattern of variation existing in soybean
germplasm grown under given water regimes i.e. well-water and water-limited conditions.
The identified soybean genotypes could be a favorable resource to introduce high yielding
soybean in local environment
Combining Ability Analysis for Achene Yield and Related Components in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
No full textAbstractFor determination of best general and specific combiners for achene yield and related components, a study on a 7×7 diallel fashion in sunflower was conducted at experimental field of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. The data were recorded on quantitative traits; days to maturity, plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, number of leaves, Achene per head, achene yield per plant, 100-achene weight, filled achene percentage and oil contents and subjected to Analysis of variance and combining abilities. The accessions were significant for studied traits except oil contents. The accessions A-544, A-554 and A-552 showed significant general combining ability effects days to maturity, plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, number of leaves and filled achene, achene per head and achene yield per plant. The best cross combination A-546×A-560 showed significant specific combining ability effects for number of leaves and filled achene percentage. Among reciprocal crosses, the cross A-560×A-534 proved best for plant height and stem diameter while A-548×A-546 for number of leaves and achene per head.</jats:p
Genome-Wide Characterization and Sequence Polymorphism Analyses of Glycine max Fibrillin (FBN) Revealed Its Role in Response to Drought Condition
No full textThe fibrillin (FBN) gene family is widely distributed in all photosynthetic organisms. Members of this gene family are involved in plant growth and development and their response to various biotic and abiotic stress factors. In this study, 16 members of FBN were identified in Glycine max and characterized by using different bioinformatics tools. Phylogenetic analysis classified FBN genes into seven groups. The presence of stress-related cis-elements in the upstream region of GmFBN highlighted their role in tolerance against abiotic stresses. To further decipher the function, physiochemical properties, conserved motifs, chromosomal localization, subcellular localization, and cis-acting regulatory elements were also analyzed. Gene expression analysis based on FPKM values revealed that GmFBNs greatly enhanced soybean drought tolerance and controlled the expression of several genes involved in drought response, except for GmFBN-4, GmFBN-5, GmFBN-6, GmFBN-7 and GmFBN-9. For high throughput genotyping, an SNP-based CAPS marker was also developed for the GmFBN-15 gene. The CAPS marker differentiated soybean genotypes based on the presence of either the GmFBN-15-G or GmFBN-15-A alleles in the CDS region. Association analysis showed that G. max accessions containing the GmFBN-15-A allele at the respective locus showed higher thousand seed weight compared to accessions containing the GmFBN-15-G allele. This research has provided the basic information to further decipher the function of FBN in soybean
