221 research outputs found
Hydraulic simulations to evaluate and predict design and operation of the Chashma Right Bank Canal
No full textIrrigation systems / Irrigation canals / Flow control / Velocity / Canal regulation techniques / Hydraulics / Simulation models / Design / Operations / Crop-based irrigation / Distributary canals / Water delivery / Policy / Protective irrigation / Water allocation / Water requirements / Sedimentation / Water distribution / Equity / Water conveyance / Pakistan / Chashma Right Bank Canal
IN-VISION : Issue 3 - October 2018 - March 2019
No full textMessage from Dr Adil Haider, Dean, Medical College, AKU Message from Dr Muhammad Tariq, Interim Associate Dean, Education CFDP-HPE Faculty in Focus Education Grand Rounds Faculty Highlights Use of Concept Maps in Learning and Assessmenthttps://ecommons.aku.edu/in_vision/1002/thumbnail.jp
Assessment of Total Laboratory Errors in Clinical Chemistry Laboratory: Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital
No full textNot Availabl
Optimizing callogenesis in five potential medicinal herbs for the bioactive constituents: a sustainable approach to pharmaceutical production
No full textThe search for natural antioxidants to safeguard against several diseases is expanding rapidly. Interestingly, the levels of antioxidants have been discovered to be greater in the in vitro-raised calli than the plant extracts in vivo. The aim of this research was to standardize the protocols for culturing calli of five potential medicinal herbs and determine their antioxidant and polyphenolic compounds. The calli of carnation, goji berry, harmal, bitter cucumber, and datura were developed from young leaves using Murashige and Skoog media with varied forms and concentrations of cytokinin and auxin in combination after their optimization. Goji berry, carnation, and datura initiated callus in 13 days, faster than bitter cucumber (20 days). Datura had a 28.7% higher callus induction rate than bitter cucumber. The callus weight of goji berry was three times higher than harmal, with a 25.4% greater diameter than bitter cucumber. The callus of goji berry had 4.3 times more phenolic and ascorbic content than datura and 1.9x more than harmal. The callus of datura had twice the total antioxidant capacity of harmal. The callus of goji berry exhibited 5.7% increased radical-scavenging activities than datura. The enzyme activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were 2.6% and 2.4% greater in the callus of goji berry than datura. The callus of goji berry also had 2.1% and 2.4% increased peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase activities than datura and bitter cucumber, respectively. From the findings, it can be concluded that the callus of goji berry is a highly promising source of natural antioxidants, exhibiting significantly higher levels of antioxidant and polyphenolic compounds compared to other medicinal herbs
Public Policy and Private Investment in Pakistan: Shabib Haider Syed and Muhammad Tariq Majeed
No full textThis paper analyzes the importance of government policy in determining private investment in Pakistan. The empirical results show that public sector investment, changes in bank credit to the private sector and degree of capacity in the economy are playing an important role in determination of private investment. The level of expected GDP also positively affected the private investment, which is consistent with flexible accelerator model. The results are also consistent with the maintained hypothesis that public infrastructure investment is complimentary to private investment; whereas other kinds of public investment tend to be substitutes for private investment
The behaviour of FDI in Saouth Asian Countries: Muhammad Tariq Majeed & Shabib Haider Syed
No full textThis paper analyzes the behavior of FDI in South Asian countries using panel data for the period 1970-2004. Following panel data model we applied fixed effects model to clearly identify the factors affecting FDI. The analysis shows that GDP, trade openness, real exchange rate, labor force and health expenditures effect FDI positively and significant. The study finds that the effect of military expenditures and external debt on FDI is negative and significant. These variables reflect the non-productive use of resources and create a negative signal for foreign investors. The study further finds that the relationship between FDI and domestic investment is complementary but insignificant. This weak relationship explains the fact that domestic investment performance is poor in these countries. The effect of taxes is negative and insignificant. The negative relationship implies that lack of fisca incentives is a hurdle for FDI. However if overall investment climate is sound then MNCs overlook it
Astrology in literature: how the prohibited became permissible in the Arabic poetry of the mediaeval period
No full textThis thesis is concerned to position the art of astrology within the context of classical Arabic poetry, primarily by investigating and elucidating attitudes to the notion of
qadar (fate) and the ideology in which it was embedded. These attitudes were revelatory of the broader world view of the Arabs of those periods, and their shifts from those held in the pre-Islamic and early Islamic eras tell us a good deal about the importance given to the nature and role of fate and about the various understandings of its influence. The pre-Islamic Arab's notion of qadar was in some ways similar to that of the early Muslims: both emphasised predetermination and the irresistible power of fate. But while the jahilf (Pre-Islamic) Arabs identified fate with the malign power of dahr (Time), the Muslims believed the power of fate lies in the hands of God the
Omnipotent, who alone is responsible for the fate of the whole universe. Thus the astrology of the pre-Islamic era was one aspect of divination (kihana) and claimed to be
able to reveal in advance an individual's destiny, which could be avoided by taking certain precautions. These precautions, however, were considered effective only in
relatively trivial cases; they were useless in the areas of major impact: a person's happiness or misery (shaqiiwa aw sa ada), sustenance (rizq) and one's term (ajal), the
three inevitable and irresistible manifestations of fate. In the Islamic period not only these major aspects of life are governed and controlled by the Omnipotent; the destiny
of the universe, in even its most minute details, is determined and controlled by God alone. Astrology was considered to be of no value whatsoever, and its practitioners were subject to the death penalty. These two irreconcilable views are evident in early Islamic poetry, which reflected clearly the response of poets, and society, to astrology from the perspective of qadar.
When the orthodox caliphate was replaced by dynastic rule the status of astrology was changed dramatically. The idea that the stars, as indicators, play a role in the life of
human beings found popowerful supporters in some governors of the Islamic world, who allowed astrology to fulfil a public function regardless of the hostility of the official
religion of that society. This social phenomenon generated rich material of a controversial character in the realm of literature. Investigating the factors, motivations
and impact of mediaeval political, theological and philosophical attitudes to astrology, in relation to the notions of free will and predestination, is the concern of this study
Prospective Application of Two New Pyridine-Based Zinc (II) Amide Carboxylate in Management of Alzheimer’s Disease: Synthesis, Characterization, Computational and in vitro Approaches
No full textRehman Zafar,1,2 Humaira Naureen,3 Muhammad Zubair,4 Khadija Shahid,1 Muhammad Saeed Jan,5 Samar Akhtar,2 Hammad Ahmad,2 Wajeeha Waseem,6 Ali Haider,4 Saqib Ali,4 Muhammad Tariq,7 Abdul Sadiq8 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan; 2Yusra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan; 3Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan; 4Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; 5Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, KP, Pakistan; 6Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan; 7Department of PCB, Rokhan University, Jalalabad, Nangrahar, Afghanistan; 8Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, PakistanCorrespondence: Abdul SadiqDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000 Dir (L), KP, PakistanTel +92-332-50 46 485Email [email protected] AliDepartment of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, PakistanEmail [email protected]: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative illness described predominantly by dementia. Even though Alzheimer’s disease has been known for over a century, its origin remains a mystery, and researchers are exploring many therapy options, including the cholinesterase technique. A decreased acetylcholine ACh neurotransmitter level is believed to be among the important factors in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.Methods: In continuation of synthesizing potential anti-Alzheimer agents and known appreciative pharmacological potential of amide-containing compounds, this study presents the synthesis of two novel amide-based transition metal zinc (II) complexes, AAZ7 and AAZ8, attached with a heterocyclic pyridine ring, which was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis, 1H_NMR, and 13C_NMR. FT-IR spectroscopic records showed the development of bidentate ligand as Δν value was decreased in both complexes when compared with the free ligand. Both of the synthesized complexes were analyzed for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory potential along with the antioxidizing activity.Results: Importantly, the complex of AAZ8 exhibited more potent activity giving IC50 values of 14 μg/mL and 18μg/mL as AChE and BChE cholinesterase inhibitors, respectively, when compared with standard positive control galantamine. Interestingly, AAZ8 also displayed promising antioxidant potential by showing IC50 values of 35 μg/mL for DPPH and 29 μg/mL for ABTS in comparison with positive control ascorbic acid.Conclusion: Herein, we report two new amide carboxylate zinc (II) complexes which were potentially analyzed for various biological applications like acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory potentials, and antioxidant assays. Computational docking studies also simulated results to understand the interactions. Additionally, thermodynamic parameters utilizing molecular dynamic simulation were performed to determine the ligand protein stability and flexibility that supported the results. Studies have shown that these compounds have the potential to be good anti-Alzheimer candidates for future studies due to inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes and display of free radical scavenging potential against DPPH as well as ABTS free radicals.Keywords: Zn(II) carboxylate, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, elemental analysis, docking studie
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